等离子体发射光谱法测定重晶石中钡铁和硅   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨德君  陈利平 《岩矿测试》1998,17(4):317-318

重晶石经Ｎａ２ＣＯ３熔融,水浸取,过滤。沉淀经ＨＣｌ溶解后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定主成分ＢａＳＯ４和次量成分Ｆｅ２Ｏ３以及滤液中的ＳｉＯ２,结果与部颁标准方法符合。方法精密度好,主量组分ＢａＳＯ４测定的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）为０．２４％,次量组分Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和ＳｉＯ２的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）分别是３．６９％和１．４５％。  相似文献   

Enzyme leach anomalies associated with deep Mississippi Valley-type zinc ore bodies at the Elmwood Mine, Tennessee   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James R. Yeager  J. Robert Clark  Wallace Mitchell  Roy Renshaw 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,61(1-3)

Deeply buried Mississippi Valley-type deposits that have been or are currently being mined in North America were initially discovered by drilling. Conventional geochemical methods are ineffective for detecting these ‘blind' deposits when they occur deep within sequences of stable-platform carbonates and shales. The ‘enzyme' leach is a selective analytical technique for determining trace elements associated with amorphous Mn oxide coatings in soils. In many areas of the world, the enzyme leach method is useful for detecting low-level geochemical anomalies in soils, which are associated with blind mineral deposits. Enzyme leach analysis of soils, collected at the Elmwood Mine, Tennessee, revealed high-contrast anomalies over ore bodies 370 m below the surface. In areas where the soils are in chemical equilibrium, ‘combination' anomalies occur over Zn ore bodies. These are characterized by asymmetrical halogen halos which occur around a halogen ‘central low'. Commodity metals (Zn and Pb) and trace elements associated with the ore (Cd, Ba, and Mn) form apical anomalies, which occur over the ore bodies and within the halogen halo. Under most circumstances, agricultural practices do not affect enzyme leach results. However, agricultural activity in central Tennessee appears to have altered the proportion of amorphous Mn oxides in the soils in some locations. Where the MnO₂-form equilibrium of the soil has been disturbed, enzyme leach data are erratic. In the one instance where this was encountered, ratioing the data to Mn reveals anomalies which bracket the blind ore bodies.  相似文献   

氧化物晶胞参数和配位多面体几何要素的关系     

韩照信 《地球科学与环境学报》1998,20(4):27

氧化物矿物中的化学键主要是离子键,结构可看成配位多面体以不同方式相连形成,因此,晶胞参数可用配位多面体几何要素表示,这样求得的晶胞参数与实测晶胞参数间的相对误差一般在百分之几。  相似文献   

Estimates of global N2O emissions from cattle, pig and chicken manure, including a discussion of CH4 emissions     

M. G. M. Berges  P. J. Crutzen 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,24(3):241-269

Humans seem to have doubled the global rate of terrestrial nitrogen fixation. Globally 50–70% (85 Tg, 1 Tg=10¹² g) of the nitrogen supplied in fertilizer (80 Tg N/a) and leguminous crops (40–80 Tg N/a) are used to feed cattle. The aim of the present study was to derive some estimates of global N₂O production from animal manure. As the parameter giving the most stable numerical basis for regional and global extrapolation we adopted the molar emission ratios of N₂O to NH₃. These ratios were measured in cattle, pig and chicken housings with different manure handling systems, in dung-heaps and in liquid manure storage tanks. Individual molar emission ratios from outside manure piles varied over two orders of magnitude, strongly dependent on the treatment of the manure. A median emission ratio of 1.6×10^-2 (n=65) was obtained in cow-sheds with slatted floors and liquid manure stored underneath and a median ratio of 24×10^-2 (n=31) was measured in a beef cattle housing with a solid manure handling system.We next extrapolated to global NH₃ emissions from those estimated for Europe, using N uptake by the animals as a scaling factor. Multiplication with observed N₂O to NH₃ ratios next provided some estimates of regional and global N₂O emissions. To account for the great variability of the emission ratios of N₂O/NH₃, we developed upper and lower case emission scenarios, based on lower and upper quartiles of measured emission ratios. The global emission from cattle and swine manure is in the range of 0.2–2.5 Tg N-N₂O/a, representing 44+-39% of the annual atmospheric accumulation rate. This N₂O emission arises from about 40 Tg N/a of cattle and pig manure stored in or at animal housings. We did not account for N₂O emissions from another 50 Tg N/a excreted by grazing cattle, goats and sheep, and application of the manure to agricultural fields. Our study makes it clear that major anthropogenic N₂O emissions may well arise from animal manure. The large uncertainty of emission ratios, which we encountered, show that much more intense research efforts are necessary to determine the factors that influence N₂O emissions from domestic animal manure both in order to derive a more reliable global estimate of N₂O release and to propose alternative waste treatment methods causing smaller N₂O releases. In our studies we found large enhancements in N₂O releases when straw was added to the manure, which is a rather common practice. In view of the ongoing discussion in Europe to re-install the traditional solid manure system (bed down cattle) for environmental and animal welfare reasons, it is noteworthy that our measurements indicate highest N₂O release from this particulary system.In a similar manner, but based on a smaller data set, we also estimated the release of CH₄ from cattle and swine manure and from liquid manure only to be about 9 Tg/year in good agreement with the estimate by the Environmental Protection Agency (1994) of 8.6+-2.6 Tg/year. A total annual methane release as high as 34 Tg/a was derived for solid and liquid cattle and pig manure from animals in housings.  相似文献   

Ammonia measurements at Niwot Ridge,Colorado and point arena,California using the tungsten oxide denuder tube technique     

James M. Roberts  Andrew O. Langford  Paul D. Goldan  Fred C. Fehsenfeld 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1988,7(2):137-152

The applicability of the tungsten oxide denuder tube technique for the measurement of ammonia in the rural troposphere was investigated. The technique is based on selective chemisorption of NH₃ from a gas stream, thermal desorption, conversion to NO, and analysis by NO–O₃ chemiluminescence. Nitric acid, which is also collected and desorbed as NO, was distinguished from NH₃ by differences in desorption temperature. Substituted amines were also collected, but desorbed at a slightly lower temperature than NH₃ in dry air. At high relative humidities, alkylamines may be hydrolyzed to NH₃ on the denuder surface and hence detected as NH₃. Overheating of the denuder tube during the temperature-programmed desorption was found to cause significant irreversible degradation of system performance.The technique was used to measure NH₃ mixing ratios at two rural locations in the United States. At a mountain site in Colorado during the winter of 1984, the average NH₃ mixing ratio was 0.20 ppbv (=0.08 ppbv). At an isolated coastal site in northern California during the spring of 1985, the average NH₃ mixing ratio was 0.36 ppbv (=0.17 ppbv). Correlations of the latter measurements with wind direction and NO _x level suggest that the NH₃ mixing ratio in Pacific marine air at 40°N is <-0.25 ppbv.  相似文献   

我国天然铀氧化物的结构和化学特征     

蔡根庆  黄志章 《矿物学报》1988,(1)

目前我国发现的天然铀氧化物为UO_(2.03)-UO_(2.85)的连续演化系列,均属UO_2(UO_(1.75)-UO_(2.30))的萤石型立方结构,即铀氧化物氧铀比的变化未产生相应的结构相的变化,但其物理特性却随着化学成分的变化(特别是矿物中氧铀比值)而变化,导致化学成分与结构相之间的矛盾。笔者认为天然铀氧化物中的六价铀(U~(6+))并不加入矿物晶格,而是以无定形铀酰离子团(UO_2)~(2+)或以三氧化铀的水化物(UO_3·nH_2O)形式存在于UO_2晶格的缺陷中。天然铀氧化物中这些非晶质的(UO_2)~(2+)或(UO_3·nH_2O)的混入量与生成的地质环境,特别是沉淀时体系的氧逸度、硫逸度有重要关系,它不只决定了形成铀氧化物的性质,同时也决定了矿物中氧铀比的变化。沥青铀矿是UO_2结晶体与呈凝胶的(UO_2)~(2+)基团及(UO_3·nH_2O)的混合物,因此,矿物中氧铀比的变化并不引起矿物相的转换。  相似文献   

新矿物——钓鱼岛石的研究     

申顺喜  陈丽蓉  李安春  董太禄  黄求获  徐文强 《矿物学报》1986,(3)

钓鱼岛石是在我国台湾省钓鱼岛附近海域海底表层沉积物中发现的一种新矿物。钓鱼岛石为无色淡绿色到,薄板状,一轴晶负光性,晶体很小,一般在0.4×0.2×0.03mm~3以下,D=3.30,H_(v15)=1392.8kg/mm~2。电子探针定量分析(以相应氧化物为标样)结果(％):Na_2O4.54、Al_2O_3 93.00、Cr_2O_31.95、MgO0.10、CaO 0.10、SiO_2 0.23、K_2O 0.12,总量100.04。以氧为17计算的化学式为(Na_(0.87) K_(0.02) Mg_(0.02) Ca_(0.01);)_(0.92)(Al_(10.84)Cr_(0.15)Si_(0.02))_(11.01)O_(17)。经四圆单晶衍射证明,该矿物为六方晶系,空间群为P6_3/mmc,a=b=5.602(1)Ac=22.626(5)A,α=β=90°,γ=120°。  相似文献   

我国花岗斑岩中的铅猛钛铁矿     

邵殿信  施倪承 《矿物学报》1987,(2)

铅锰钛铁矿呈不规则粒状、片状产于内蒙古的花岗斑岩中。本文对该矿物作了电子探针分析,计算出其化学式并简化为(Pb,Na,K)(Ti,Fe,Zn,Mn)_(21)O_(38)。单晶X射线衍射结果表明它是三方晶系,空间群R3,晶胞参数a=10.378(13)A,c=20.809(15)A,Z=3。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the tungsten oxide denuder tube technique as a method for the measurement of low concentrations of nitric acid in the troposphere     

J. M. Roberts  R. B. Norton  P. D. Goldan  F. C. Fehsenfeld 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1987,5(2):217-238

The applicability of the tungsten oxide denuder tube technique for the measurement of nitric acid in the rural troposphere was investigated. The technique is based on selective chemisorption of HNO₃ from the gas stream, thermal desorption, conversion to NO, and analysis by NO–O₃ chemiluminescence. Ammonia, which is also collected and desorbed as NH₃ and NO, was separated from the HNO₃-derived NO by linear temperature-programed thermal desorption. Possible interferences by NO₂, HCN, PAN, and n-propyl nitrate (NPN) were tested and found to be significant under conditions found in the lower troposphere. Simultaneous ambient measurements of HNO₃ were made with the tungsten oxide denuder tube and nylon filter methods at a rural site in the Colorado mountains (Niwot Ridge, CO). Nitric acid levels measured by the tungsten oxide denuder tube averaged a factor of 3 higher than levels measured by the nylon filter technique. Tests involving the placement of nylon materials in front of the tungsten oxide denuder tube show that there are species, as yet unidentified, present in the atmosphere that interfere with the measurement of HNO₃ by the tungsten oxide technique.  相似文献   

Atmospheric trace gas measurements at Palmer Station,Antarctica: 1982–83     

E. Robinson  W. L. Bamesberger  F. A. Menzia  A. S. Waylett  S. F. Waylett 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1984,2(1):65-81

In early 1982 a station capable of sampling atmospheric trace gas constituents on a continuous basis was established at Palmer Station, Anvers Island, adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula (64° 46S 64° 04W). Sampling operations began about 1 February 1982. This is an initial report on this station, its location, equipment and general research objectives along with some initial sampling results. The constituents being measured and recorded were: ozone, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, CCl₃F (fluorocarbon-11), CCl₂F₂ (fluorocarbon-12), carbontetrachloride, methylchloroform, nitrous oxide, and Aitken nuclei (CN). Data storage, data processing, and sampling system control is handled by a Hewlett-Packard 85 system. Preliminary analyses of about the first 20–22 months of data are presented and show not only the expected long-term trends but also shorter period concentration cycles that seem to be related to synoptic meteorology.  相似文献