Heavy metals in marine sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Alessandro Buccolieri  Giovanni Buccolieri  Nicola Cardellicchio  Angelo Dell'Atti  Antonella Di Leo  Antonella Maci 《Marine Chemistry》2006,99(1-4):227

Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn concentrations have been determined in surface sediment samples collected in the Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy) in order to evaluate their levels and spatial distribution in this important area of the Mediterranean Sea. For various metals, the geoaccumulation index has been calculated as a criterion to assess if their concentrations represent contamination levels or can be considered as background levels. The results show that metals concentrations in sediments can be considered near the background levels found in the Mediterranean Sea.Analytical results have been elaborated by using a Geographical Information System (GIS) software to show metals accumulation areas. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we evaluate the possibility to distinguish the sampling stations, in relation to their geographical position. Results have showed metals distribution in the Taranto Gulf is principally influenced by industrial and urban wastes, located mostly in the northern coastal area of the Ionian Sea. Rivers in the Basilicata region and prevailing anticlockwise marine currents are further factors influencing metal accumulation in sediments.  相似文献   

唐山南堡开发区排污海域沉积物中重金属含量的调查研究     

陈爱萍  尹毅  秦学祥  仲维妮 《海洋科学进展》1997,(2)

本文从唐山南堡开发区污水排海工程建设的需要出发，对排污海域沉积物中Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ，Ｈｇ，Ｚｎ和Ｃｒ６种重金属的含量及分布特征进行了调查研究，为污水排海工程的建设及开发区沿海海洋环境保护提供了基础性研究资料。  相似文献   

Tectonics of a fast spreading center: A Deep-Tow and sea beam survey on the East Pacific rise at 19°30′ S     

John D. Bicknell  Jean-Christophe Sempere  Ken C. Macdonald  P. J. Fox 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1987,9(1):25-45

Sea Beam and Deep-Tow were used in a tectonic investigation of the fast-spreading (151 mm yr^-1) East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 19°30 S. Detailed surveys were conducted at the EPR axis and at the Brunhes/Matuyama magnetic reversal boundary, while four long traverses (the longest 96 km) surveyed the rise flanks. Faulting accounts for the vast majority of the relief. Both inward and outward facing fault scarps appear in almost equal numbers, and they form the horsts and grabens which compose the abyssal hills. This mechanism for abyssal hill formation differs from that observed at slow and intermediate spreading rates where abyssal hills are formed by back-tilted inward facing normal faults or by volcanic bow-forms. At 19°30 S, systematic back tilting of fault blocks is not observed, and volcanic constructional relief is a short wavelength signal (less than a few hundred meters) superimposed upon the dominant faulted structure (wavelength 2–8 km). Active faulting is confined to within approximately 5–8 km of the rise axis. In terms of frequency, more faulting occurs at fast spreading rates than at slow. The half extension rate due to faulting is 4.1 mm yr^-1 at 19°30 S versus 1.6 mm yr^-1 in the FAMOUS area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Both spreading and horizontal extension are asymmetric at 19°30 S, and both are greater on the east flank of the rise axis. The fault density observed at 19°30 S is not constant, and zones with very high fault density follow zones with very little faulting. Three mechanisms are proposed which might account for these observations. In the first, faults are buried episodically by massive eruptions which flow more than 5–8 km from the spreading axis, beyond the outer boundary of the active fault zone. This is the least favored mechanism as there is no evidence that lavas which flow that far off axis are sufficiently thick to bury 50–150 m high fault scarps. In the second mechanism, the rate of faulting is reduced during major episodes of volcanism due to changes in the near axis thermal structure associated with swelling of the axial magma chamber. Thus the variation in fault spacing is caused by alternate episodes of faulting and volcanism. In the third mechanism, the rate of faulting may be constant (down to a time scale of decades), but the locus of faulting shifts relative to the axis. A master fault forms near the axis and takes up most of the strain release until the fault or fault set is transported into lithosphere which is sufficiently thick so that the faults become locked. At this point, the locus of faulting shifts to the thinnest, weakest lithosphere near the axis, and the cycle repeats.  相似文献   

胶州湾泛亚码头疏浚方案优选及悬浮物影响预测     

李铁军  孙英兰  刘伟峰  付会 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,(4):144-150

采用有限元分步杂交方法,在已建潮流场的基础上,建立了胶州湾疏浚物悬浮泥沙的二维输运-扩散模型,并应用于胶州湾前湾港区泛亚码头工程疏浚区的疏浚物输运扩散的数值模拟预测。根据预测结果分析了泛亚码头疏浚区施工期间悬浮泥沙对附近海域水环境和生态环境的影响,并对不同的疏浚方案进行了优选。  相似文献   

BP神经网络在局部似大地水准面精化的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李爱国  WANG Wei  徐永胜 《全球定位系统》2008,33(3):29-31

针对高程拟合中的模型误差问题,采用BP神经网络方法进行拟合,可以减小模型误差,提高似大地水准面的精化精度。在焦作市局部似大地水准面精化算例中,BP神经网络高程拟合取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

湖北郧西黄龙洞古人类石器技术与生存行为探讨   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

裴树文  武仙竹  吴秀杰 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1007-1013

湖北郧西黄龙洞古人类遗址自2004年发现以来已进行过3次系统发掘,出土了距今约10万年的晚期智人牙齿化石、哺乳动物化石和38件石制品。文章从类型、原料、剥片技术、加工技术等方法对石制品进行综合分析。结果表明,黄龙洞古人类选择围岩内部的石英质岩脉和洞外河流形成的河卵石进行剥片和加工石器,类型包括石锤、石核、石片、石器、断块和碎屑等,个体以中小型居多;锤击法为剥片基本方法,砸击法被少量使用;石器多为片状毛坯制作而成,刮削器是石器的主要类型,此外还有手镐、砍砸器、石锥和雕刻器等,石器为锤击法单向简单加工而成。另外,结合洞穴自然环境、动物化石埋藏及考古分析等证据,探讨了古人类于更新世晚期对黄龙洞的利用方式和生存行为。  相似文献   

欧北地区深层三维地震采集技术   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

杨文军 《物探与化探》2008,32(1):57-60

辽河盆地由于其特殊的地震地质条件,以往采集的深层地震资料信噪比和分辨率都较低,已经严重制约了油田的进一步勘探和开发.为了彻底摆脱地震资料品质对勘探工作的束缚,努力提高资料的信噪比和分辨率,辽河油田首先选择辽河盆地东部凹陷欧利坨子北为突破口,通过采取最佳岩性激发、有效弱信号保护和变观测系统施工等一系列的技术措施,取得了较好的效果.  相似文献   

基于传统吸附烃概念的烃类检测新技术   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

程同锦 《物探与化探》2008,32(5):456-460

烃类是地表油气地球化学勘查地下油气藏的直接指标.目前我国油气化探中常用的酸解烃法检测出的烃类,不应定义为"吸附烃",它是介质吸收的产物,属结合态烃类,应定义为"吸收烃".地表酸解烃异常十分稳定,重现性好,能够很好地证明地质历史上曾经有过的烃类运移过程,但在反映目前深部油气信息方面具有多解性.针对酸解烃法的弱点,依据烃类垂向运移理论和物质吸附作用原理,自行设计开发、研制了一套吸附烃脱气装置,建立了土壤吸附烃提取新技术和检测方法.该方法有利于在近地表获取油气系统的动态信息,强化烃类测量法对其信息源的探测,可以提高地表油气化探预测油气分布的成功率.  相似文献   

Research Advances and Exploration Significance of Large-area Accumulation of Low and Medium Abundance Lithologic Reservoirs   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

ZHAO Wenzhi  WANG Zecheng  WANG Hongjun  CHEN Mengjin 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):463-476

In recent years, a series of large low and medium abundance oil and gas fields are discovered through exploration activities onshore China, which are commonly characterized by low porosity-permeability reservoirs, low oil/gas column height, multiple thin hydrocarbon layers, and distribution in overlapping and connection, and so on. The advantageous conditions for large-area accumulation of low-medium abundance hydrocarbon reservoirs include： （1） large （fan） delta sandbodies are developed in the hinterland of large flow-uncontrolled lake basins and they are alternated with source rocks extensively in a structure like ＂sandwiches＂; （2） effective hydrocarbon source kitchens are extensively distributed, offering maximum contact chances with various sandbodies and hydrocarbon source rocks; （3） oil and gas columns are low in height, hydrocarbon layers are mainly of normal-low pressure, and requirements for seal rock are low; （4） reservoirs have strong inheterogeneity and gas reservoirs are badly connected; （5） the hydrocarbon desorption and expulsion under uplifting and unloading environments cause widely distributed hydrocarbon source rocks of coal measures to form large-area reservoirs; （6） deep basin areas and synclinal areas possess reservoir-forming dynamics. The areas with great exploration potential include the Paleozoic and Mesozoic in the Ordos Basin, the Xujiahe Formation in Dachuanzhong in the Sichuan basin, deep basin areas in the Songliao basin etc. The core techniques of improving exploration efficiency consist of the sweetspot prediction technique that focuses on fine characterization of reservoirs, the hydrocarbon layer protecting and high-speed drilling technique, and the rework technique for enhancing productivity.  相似文献   

半参数平差模型估计量的精度评定     

潘雄  刘立龙  陈刚  田玉刚 《测绘工程》2008,17(6):13-15

将半参数估计理论引入测量数据处理理论中,利用Blight和Ott提出的思想,用多项式函数来表示半参数平差模型中的非参数分量,从而得到了半参数平差模型中参数分量和非参数分量的Bayes估计量,通过理论证明,半参数模型参数分量的Bayes估计为通常意义下高斯马尔可夫模型参数估计值与参数期望的加权平均,是一致、渐近无偏和渐近有效估计量,并且其方差小于参数模型中参数估计量的方差。在一定情况下推广了平差理论,具有一定的理论价值。  相似文献