Coastal sea level trends from TOPEX-Poseidon satellite altimetry and tide gauge data in the Mediterranean Sea during the 1990s   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

S. Mangiarotti 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(1):132-144

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Estimating nutrient and sediment flood loads in a small Mediterranean river     

Christian Salles  Marie George Tournoud  Yin Chu 《水文研究》2008,22(2):242-253

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An experimental study of water table recharge by seepage losses from a ditch with intermittent flow     

C. Dagès  M. Voltz  J. G. Lacas  O. Huttel  S. Negro  X. Louchart 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3555-3563

Farmed catchments in the Mediterranean area often exhibit dense networks of ditches which are also preferential zones of water table recharge, and thereby of groundwater contamination. This study presents an experimental analysis of seepage losses and related groundwater recharge patterns during a typical Mediterranean runoff event at the scale of a ditch located above a shallow water table. The objectives were (i) to evaluate the patterns of water table recharge by seepage in a ditch, (ii) to study the main flow processes occurring during recharge, and (iii) to estimate solute propagation in case of contaminated flow in the ditch. The field observation indicated three major points. Firstly, they showed that seepage losses during a runoff event in a ditch can rapidly lead to a significant recharge of a shallow water table. Secondly, the recharge induces a groundwater mound much larger than the event plume. The infiltrated water and the accompanying solutes remained in the vicinity of the ditch. The patterns of groundwater recharge and contamination appeared very different. Lastly, both unsaturated and saturated‐piston flow processes were observed which suggests that a variably‐saturated flow modelling approach ought to be used to simulate the ditch‐water shallow table interaction. Finally, the study indicates that the patterns of water table recharge and contamination in Mediterranean catchments with dense ditches network vary largely in space and time, and will require dense monitoring networks to estimate the evolution of the average contamination levels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Flood modelling using the distributed event-based SCS-LR model in the Mediterranean Real Collobrier catchment     

Son Nguyen 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):1351-1369

ABSTRACT

Event-based models are often used for flood prediction because they require fewer data than more complex models and account for a small number of parameters. We present the performance of such a model in simulating Mediterranean floods, with a focus on the initialization and on the impact of the rainfall uncertainties on the calibration of the model. The distributed event-based parsimonious Soil Conservation Service Lag-and-Route (SCS-LR) model was applied in the Real Collobrier catchment, France, which has a very high density of raingauges. The initial condition of the model was highly correlated with predictors, such as baseflow or soil water content. A reduction in the raingauge density can markedly change the calibration of the model. As the density of raingauges is generally low in most catchments, the uncertainties associated with rainfall measurement are thus expected either to mask the actual accuracy of the model, or to alter the model parameters.  相似文献   

Water repellency as run‐off and soil detachment controlling factor in a dry‐Mediterranean hillslope (South of Spain)     

Juan Francisco Martínez‐Murillo  Jos Damin Ruiz‐Sinoga 《水文研究》2010,24(15):2137-2142

This study examines the effect of water repellency on controlling temporal variability of runoff generation mechanisms and soil detachment on metamorphic derived soils under dry‐Mediterranean climate. The research is carried out in an unburnt Mediterranean hillslope in souther Spain characterized by a patchy vegetation pattern and shallow soils. The Water Drop Penetration Time test (WDPT) is applied to measure water repellency at the end of summer (Sep‐2008), mid autumn (Nov‐2008) and mid winter (Feb‐2009). Rainfall simulations were used to obtain runoff generation and soil detachment in the same periods of time. The main shrub specie is Cistus monspeliensis which leaves a load of litter during the summer due to the lack of water. This great amount of organic material is accumulated under the shrubs triggering an extreme water repellence (WDPT > 6,000 s) that limits infiltration processes. This process is enforced due to the low soil water content at the end of dry season. Certain water repellency (WDPT > 1,500 s) is also observed on bare soil as consequence of their sandier texture and the accumulation of annual plants which die at the end of the wet season. Soil moisture increases during the autumn and water repellency disappears in both shrub and bare soil at the middle of the wet season (WDPT < 5 s). The main consequence is that the temporal trend of water repellency controls the mechanism and frequency of runoff generation and, hence, soil detachment. At the end of the summer, Hortonian mechanisms predominates when water repellency is extreme, even in soils under Cistus monspeliensis where runoff generation can reach higher peaks of overland flow and sediment concentration. Conversely, only the saturation of soil could generate runoff during the wet season being this quite less frequent in bare soil and absent in shrub. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Incorporating synoptic-scale climate signals for streamflow modelling over the Mediterranean region using machine learning models     

Ozgur Kisi  Bahram Choubin  Ravinesh C. Deo 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(10):1240-1252

ABSTRACT

Understanding streamflow patterns by incorporating climate signal information can contribute remarkably to the knowledge of future local environmental flows. Three machine learning models, the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), the M5 Model Tree and the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) are established to predict the streamflow pattern over the Mediterranean region of Turkey (Besiri and Baykan stations). The structure of the predictive models is built using synoptic-scale climate signal information and river flow data from antecedent records. The predictive models are evaluated and assessed using quantitative and graphical statistics. The correlation analysis demonstrates that the North Pacific (NP) and the East Central Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (Niño3.4) indices have a substantial influence on the streamflow patterns, in addition to the historical information obtained from the river flow data. The model results reveal the utility of the LSSVM model over the other models through incorporating climate signal information for modelling streamflow.  相似文献   

Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: a comparison of stable isotope and pollen data from Lake Gölhisar,southwest Turkey     

Warren J. Eastwood  Melanie J. Leng  Neil Roberts  Basil Davis 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(4):327-341

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Significance of atmospheric fallout on the upper layer water chemistry of the North-Western Mediterranean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Guieu  J. Zhang  A. J. Thomas  J. M. Martin  J. C. Brun-Cottan 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,17(1):45-60

The atmospheric input is established for almost forty trace and major elements at a coastal site on the North-Western Mediterranean. Comparison with the Rhône River input at the scale of the Gulf of Lions shows that the total atmospheric input dominates for elements of anthropogenic origin such as Cd, Pb, Sb and Zn. Dissolved input of atmospheric origin is very important for these elements and for those of terrigenous origin (Al and Fe). In the coastal zone, both dissolved external sources (atmosphere and Rhône River) can explain the high Mediterranean Surface waters concentrations. Atmospheric input becomes rapidly the predominant factor, while the riverine influence being negligible in the few tens' kilometers outside the river mouth.Paper submitted to the 7th International Symposium of the Commission for Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution on the Chemistry of the Global Atmosphere held in Chamrousse, France, from 5 to 11 September 1990.  相似文献   

239+240Pu and 238Pu in seawater,marine organisms and sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea)     

C. Triulzi  A.Delle Site  V. Marchionni 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(1):109-114

Results of the radiochemical determination of ^239+240Pu and ²³⁸Pu in seawater, plankton, marine organisms and sediment are reported. The samples were collected in the Taranto Gulf, and the data are compared with those obtained from other stations in the Mediterranean Sea. The vertical distribution of plutonium isotopes in sediments is also presented and discussed.  相似文献   

南海西北部晚第四纪典型地震相—沉积相特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈泓君  黄文凯  吴峧岐 《海洋地质前沿》2013,(11):1-7

南海西北部地形变化大,水深由近岸几十米变化至深海盆区的3 500m,跨越了陆架、陆坡、深海盆、岛礁等地貌单元。南海西北部也是深水油气的重要勘探地区。利用高分辨率单道地震资料,采用地震相分析方法,对研究区晚第四纪典型地震相—沉积相分布特征开展深入分析。研究区内的主要地震相包括：①席状、亚平行、强振幅、低连续、中频地震相;②披盖状、波状、中振幅、中—低连续、中低频地震相;③披盖状、平行—亚平行、中—弱振幅、中连续、中—低频地震相;④披盖状、平行、强振幅、高连续、中—高频地震相;⑤席状、平行、中—弱振幅、高连续、中—低频地震相;⑥披盖状、波状、弱振幅、低连续、低频地震相;⑦前积相;⑧下切充填地震相;⑨杂乱地震相;⑩条带状、波状、中—弱振幅、中—低连续、低频地震相;瑏瑡披盖状、平行、强振幅、高频、高连续地震相共11种。对地震相—沉积相及其分布特征的分析结果认为,区内晚第四纪主要发育有三角洲相、河道相、滨浅海相、浅海相、半深海相、深海相、滑塌相、斜坡相、浊流相、生物礁相等沉积相,其分布主要受海底地形地貌、构造运动等多种因素所控制。  相似文献