Identification of Uranyl Minerals Using Oxygen K‐Edge X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy          下载免费PDF全文

Jesse D. Ward  Mark Bowden  C. Tom Resch  Steven Smith  Bruce K. McNamara  Edgar C. Buck  Gregory C. Eiden  Andrew M. Duffin 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(1):135-148

Although most of the world's uranium exists as pitchblende or uraninite, this mineral can be weathered to a great variety of secondary uranium minerals, most containing the uranyl cation. Anthropogenic uranium compounds can also react in the environment, leading to spatial–chemical alterations that could be useful for nuclear forensics analyses. Soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has the advantages of being non‐destructive, element‐specific and sensitive to electronic and physical structure. The soft X‐ray probe can also be focused to a spot size on the order of tens of nanometres, providing chemical information with high spatial resolution. However, before XAS can be applied at high spatial resolution, it is necessary to find spectroscopic signatures for a variety of uranium compounds in the soft X‐ray spectral region. To that end, we collected the near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of a variety of common uranyl‐bearing minerals, including uranyl carbonates, oxyhydroxides, phosphates and silicates. We find that uranyl compounds can be distinguished by class (carbonate, oxyhydroxide, phosphate or silicate) based on their oxygen K‐edge absorption spectra. This work establishes a database of reference spectra for future spatially resolved analyses. We proceed to show scanning X‐ray transmission microscopy (STXM) data from a schoepite particle in the presence of an unknown contaminant.  相似文献   

锈蚀钢筋在疲劳荷载作用下压磁场分布研究     

金伟良  周峥栋  毛江鸿  张军  崔磊  潘崇根 《海洋工程》2016,34(5):65-72

针对锈蚀钢筋的疲劳损伤与寿命评估中的难度大、精度低等问题,引入压磁检测技术,对锈蚀钢筋疲劳过程中的压磁场分布进行检测,从宏观与微观相结合的角度分析压磁场分布与疲劳损伤之间的联系。试验结果表明,锈蚀钢筋的压磁场分布能够反映疲劳损伤的演变规律,疲劳后期非线性特征加剧,锈蚀率及应力幅越大则变化越为明显,磁感强度值、磁场分布梯度、"反转"现象等均有助于进行疲劳损伤评价与寿命预测。研究结果可为压磁无损检测技术在钢筋混凝土结构中的应用提供依据。  相似文献   

中国航磁大地构造单元划分   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

熊盛青  杨海  丁燕云  李占奎 《中国地质》2018,45(4):658-680

本文以我国截止到2011年基本覆盖陆域及部分海域的航磁数据编制的全国航磁系列图为基础,以航磁反映的区域磁场和磁性基底起伏特征为依据,汲取主流大地构造观的划分理念,以板块构造理论及大陆动力学思想为指导,以磁场反映的构造特征为切入点,结合重力、遥感、地质资料对中国陆域构造单元进行划分。大地构造单元划分4个级别:一级构造单元为陆块区和造山系,共划分出8个;二级构造单元为陆块、弧盆系和地块,共划分出32个;三级构造单元为盆地、坳陷带(区)和隆起带(区),共划分出85个;四级构造单元为隆起和坳陷,共划分出332个。本划分方案旨在为油气地质构造背景研究及油气勘探提供一份地球物理资料。文中重点讨论了一、二级构造单元界线厘定的磁场依据及与前人划分存在的不同之处,而三、四级构造单元完全依据磁场及磁性基底起伏情况进行划分,并在盆地和坳陷区给出了深度信息,这为油气勘探者提供了必要的技术支撑。同时,借助丰富的航磁信息提示出一些地质构造方面难解现象,供同行专家参考与讨论。  相似文献   

地物化方法在航磁异常查证中的应用     

田宇  祁程  杨金政  沈正新  汪哲  张文峰 《地质与资源》2018,27(4):406-410

航磁异常查证是矿产勘查中的一个重要环节,其目的是通过地面查证,确定异常是否存在,追踪异常源,了解异常源所处的地质环境,对异常作出客观评价,提出进一步工作的建议,为后续资料解释提供依据.通过使用地物化综合方法对黑C-2011-02243号异常查证发现：地质剖面测量和土壤地球化学测量可在地表发现较好的找矿线索;高精度磁测及激电中梯测量则反映了深部地质体及矿化特征.依据查证结果认为,在进行航磁异常查证工作时,可优先进行剖面性的地质、高精度磁法及土壤地球化学测量工作;在分析上述测量结果的基础上安排剖面性的电法测量;如存在进一步找矿信息,可安排面积性物化探测量及工程验证工作.  相似文献   

Magnetic measurements in electrical prospecting by resistivity methods     

V.S. Mogilatov  N.O. Kozhevnikov  A.V. Zlobinsky 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(4):432-437

The electrical resistivity and induced polarization (IP) methods are widely used in geological mapping, prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits, engineering geology, hydrogeology, archaeology, and geotechnical and environmental applications. Historically, these methods have formed the basis of the electrical prospecting technique. In these methods, a DC or low-frequency AC electrical current is introduced into the earth through a grounded transmitter line. The measured quantity is the electric field. However, if the earth’s resistivity or chargeability changes horizontally, this change gives rise to an anomalous magnetic field, which is studied by the magnetometric resistivity (MMR) and magnetic induced polarization (MIP) methods, respectively. Along with advantages, some shortcomings are inherent in the MMR and MIP techniques. Apparently, the main drawback of these methods is that the magnetic fields of both the transmitter line wire and ground electrodes on the surface are several orders of magnitude greater than the anomalous magnetic field response. This introduces a significant “noise” to magnetic-resistivity data. We investigate the potential of using a circular electric dipole (CED) in magnetometric resistivity techniques. It has been found that the application of a CED, instead of a conventional transmitter line, dramatically enhances the signal-to-noise ratio.  相似文献   

庐枞火山岩盆地南部拔茅山铜矿深部找矿潜力分析     

程培生  王芝水 《中国地质调查》2018,5(6):18-23

位于庐枞火山岩盆地南部的拔茅山铜矿,是细脉带蚀变岩型脉状铜矿的代表。研究表明,其深部具有斑岩型铜矿的勘探潜力。为了进一步明确其深部找矿潜力,针对研究区斑岩型、热液型铜多金属矿的岩体、断裂、接触带等主要控矿因素,利用高精度磁法和可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)成果,分别对拔茅山岩体的分布、产状和深部形态及其与围岩的接触带特征进行了剖析。在此基础上,通过与沙溪斑岩铜矿地质、物探异常特征的类比,指明了研究区的找矿方向和有利找矿部位,为进一步找矿提供了思路和依据。  相似文献   

基于航空重磁特征对突泉盆地构造的认识          下载免费PDF全文

刘燕戌  李文勇  曹安琪 《中国地质调查》2018,5(1):44-50

为获取突泉盆地航空物探基础地质资料,为油气调查评价提供参考,中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心在该盆地开展了1:10万航空重磁综合调查工作。利用最新的航空重磁资料及实测岩石物性数据,对突泉盆地及其邻区重磁异常特征进行研究,分析航空重磁异常与地层展布、断裂活动、岩浆岩体的分布关系,重点探讨盆地的基底性质。结果表明,研究区航空重力异常与航磁异常在强度、范围、形态、梯度和走向等方面具有一定的规律性,该区断裂体系分布与重磁场特征明显相关,NNE-NE向、NW向及NE向3组断裂明显控制盆地沉积岩体及岩浆岩体的展布,盆地基底由下古生界浅变质岩系和前古生界中等变质岩系构成。  相似文献   

Depositional setting,provenance, and tectonic-volcanic setting of Eocene–Recent deep-sea sediments of the oceanic Izu–Bonin forearc,northwest Pacific (IODP Expedition 352)     

Alastair H. F. Robertson  Steffen Kutterolf  Aaron Avery  Alan T. Baxter  Katerina Petronotis  Gary D. Acton 《International Geology Review》2018,60(15):1816-1854

New biostratigraphical, geochemical, and magnetic evidence is synthesized with IODP Expedition 352 shipboard results to understand the sedimentary and tectono-magmatic development of the Izu–Bonin outer forearc region. The oceanic basement of the Izu–Bonin forearc was created by supra-subduction zone seafloor spreading during early Eocene (c. 50–51 Ma). Seafloor spreading created an irregular seafloor topography on which talus locally accumulated. Oxide-rich sediments accumulated above the igneous basement by mixing of hydrothermal and pelagic sediment. Basaltic volcanism was followed by a hiatus of up to 15 million years as a result of topographic isolation or sediment bypassing. Variably tuffaceous deep-sea sediments were deposited during Oligocene to early Miocene and from mid-Miocene to Pleistocene. The sediments ponded into extensional fault-controlled basins, whereas condensed sediments accumulated on a local basement high. Oligocene nannofossil ooze accumulated together with felsic tuff that was mainly derived from the nearby Izu–Bonin arc. Accumulation of radiolarian-bearing mud, silty clay, and hydrogenous metal oxides beneath the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) characterized the early Miocene, followed by middle Miocene–Pleistocene increased carbonate preservation, deepened CCD and tephra input from both the oceanic Izu–Bonin arc and the continental margin Honshu arc. The Izu–Bonin forearc basement formed in a near-equatorial setting, with late Mesozoic arc remnants to the west. Subduction-initiation magmatism is likely to have taken place near a pre-existing continent–oceanic crust boundary. The Izu–Bonin arc migrated northward and clockwise to collide with Honshu by early Miocene, strongly influencing regional sedimentation.  相似文献   

Petrophysical characterisation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs using nuclear magnetic resonance: a case study of the upper Paleozoic strata in the Kangning area,eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China     

Y. Y. Huyan  T. S. Liu  F. J. Jiang  X. Z. Chen  X. Q. Ma 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(6):863-875

Residual and movable porosity are significant parameters for characterising petrophysical properties, especially in tight reservoirs. Eight tight sandstone samples from the upper Paleozoic gas-bearing strata in the Kangning area, from the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), petrography, and porosity and permeability tests. The lithology and pore types were identified and classified using petrography and SEM. The residual and movable porosity were obtained with NMR. In addition, NMR was used to visualise pore structure and pore size distribution. The results suggest that the upper Paleozoic sandstones in the study area mainly comprise feldspathic litharenite and litharenite. The sandstone porosity and permeability are low, with means of 5.9% and 0.549 mD, respectively. Four pore types exist in the tight sandstones: residual primary pores, grain dissolution pores, micropores (clay-dominated) and microfractures. The T₂ spectra under water-saturated conditions correlate with pore size and can be used to distinguish small and large pores based on the transverse relaxation time cutoff value of 10 ms, which corresponds to a pore diameter of 0.232 μm. Small pores account for 72% of the pores in the tight sandstones. The continuous bimodal T₂ spectra suggest good connectivity between small and large pores, despite the low porosity and permeability. In this study, the movable porosity of the major tight sandstone gas reservoirs is higher than the residual porosity, which confirms the effective evaluation of movable porosity to tight sandstone reservoirs, based on NMR experiments.  相似文献   

青藏高原东部表土磁化率特征与环境意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈慧  杨胜利  成婷  刘楠楠  李帅  梁敏豪  唐国乾 《冰川冻土》2018,40(6):1187-1194

现代表土磁化率与气候因子关系的研究是黄土古气候重建的重要内容,在黄土高原地区取得了重要进展,但在青藏高原地区相对不足。在青藏高原东部系统采集了106个表土样品,分析了其磁化率的变化特征;并通过表土磁化率与气候因子的相关分析,讨论了气候因子对高原东部现代表土低频磁化率和频率磁化率的影响。结果表明：研究区表土磁化率特征主要受到温度和降水量的影响,水热组合差异影响表土磁化率值的高低。低频磁化率与气候因子的相关性较弱,总体上与温度的相关性优于降水量,可能表明其与气候因子的关系比较复杂;频率磁化率百分比与降水呈较好的正相关关系,表明该指标对降水量的变化更为敏感,可以用于青藏高原东部的古降水定量重建。  相似文献