澳门单站气象资料变化趋势的预报模型之比较     

梁嘉静  周文  陈创买 《气候与环境研究》2007,12(5):595-603

以澳门单站年和四季降水和温度两个气象要素的气象资料(1952~2001年)为主要研究对象,利用3种统计预报模型(谐波分析外推模型、开环门限自回归模型和主分量因子的逐步回归模型)进行拟合及试报,对澳门的降水及温度的变化做较深入的分析及预测,比较3种统计预报模型在研究澳门单站气象资料的变化趋势中的优劣。结果发现,3种预报模型在预报年和四季平均气温的方面都比较理想,但对降水量变化序列做拟合及试报则差异较大。总体而言,气候场的主分量逐步回归法对相同的气候资料建模做拟合及试报,结果拟合率是三者中最高的,复相关为0.821~0.911,预报效果除秋季较差外,其余都非常好。  相似文献   

疏勒河上游径流组分及其变化特征定量模拟   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

李洪源  赵求东  吴锦奎  丁永建  秦甲  韦虹  曾帝 《冰川冻土》2019,41(4):907-917

气候变化背景下,西北干旱区内陆河流域的水文过程发生显著变化,制约着地区经济社会和生态建设的稳定发展。定量分析和评估高寒山区径流的变化,有助于加强西北地区水资源的规划管理,实现水资源的可持续利用,保障区域水安全。选取位于青藏高原东北边缘、祁连山西段的疏勒河上游作为研究区,利用包含冰雪消融模块的寒区水文模型分布式SPHY模型（Spatial Processes inHydrology model）对流域的径流过程进行定量模拟,根据模拟结果分析了疏勒河上游近45 a径流组成及径流与各组分的变化特征。结果表明：（1）率定期日径流和月径流模拟的Nash效率系数分别为0.62和0.86,验证期达到0.79和0.95,模拟的月径流与实测月径流过程基本一致;（2）径流由四部分组成,冰川径流占总径流的年平均比例为30.5%,融雪径流的占比为12.9%,降雨径流的占比为13.5%,基流的占比为43.1%;（3）由于气温升高、降水增多,冰川径流与降雨径流均呈增加的趋势,平均增加幅度分别为4.66×10⁶ m³·a^-1和2.46×10⁶ m³·a^-1,融雪径流呈减少的趋势,平均减少幅度为1.01×10⁶ m³·a^-1;（4）近45 a年径流增加了69.6%,冰川融水对流域径流增加的贡献率达到48%,非冰川区降水增加的贡献率达到52%。  相似文献   

Identification of the anomaly component using BEMD combined with PCA from element concentrations in the Tengchong tin belt,SW China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yongqing Chen  Lina Zhang  Binbin Zhao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(4):1561-1576

Concentration of elements or element groups in a geological body is the result of multiple stages of rockforming and ore-forming geological processes.An ore-forming element group can be identified by PCA(principal component analysis)and be separated into two components using BEMD(bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition):(1)a high background component which represents the ore-forming background developed in rocks through various geological processes favorable for mineralization(i.e.magmatism,sedimentation and/or metamorphism);(2)the anomaly component which reflects the oreforming anomaly that is overprinted on the high background component developed during mineralization.Anomaly components are used to identify ore-finding targets more effectively than ore-forming element groups.Three steps of data analytical procedures are described in this paper; firstly,the application of PCA to establish the ore-forming element group;secondly,using BEMD on the o re-forming element group to identify the anomaly components created by different types of mineralization processes; and finally,identifying ore-finding targets based on the anomaly components.This method is applied to the Tengchong tin-polymetallic belt to delineate ore-finding targets,where four targets for Sn(W)and three targets for Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe polymetallic mineralization are identified and defined as new areas for further prospecting.It is shown that BEMD combined with PCA can be applied not only in extracting the anomaly component for delineating the ore-finding target,but also in extracting the residual component for identifying its high background zone favorable for mineralization from its oreforming element group.  相似文献   

Using LM‐OSL of quartz to distinguish sediments derived from surface‐soil and channel erosion          下载免费PDF全文

Arman Haddadchi  Jon Olley  Timothy Pietsch 《水文研究》2016,30(4):637-647

This study describes the use of linearly modulated optically stimulated luminescence (LM‐OSL) to distinguish surface‐soil derived sediments from those derived from channel bank erosion. LM‐OSL signals from quartz extracted from 15 surface‐soil and five channel bank samples were analysed and compared to signals from samples collected from two downstream river sites. Discriminant analysis showed that the detrapping probabilities of fast, first slow and second slow components of the LM‐OSL signal can be used to differentiate between the samples collected from the channel bank and surface‐soil sources. We show that for each of these source end members these components are all normally distributed. These distributions are then used to estimate the relative contribution of surface‐soil derived and channel bank derived sediment to the river bed sediments. The results indicate that channel bank derived sediments dominate the sediment sources at both sites, with 90.1 ± 3% and 91.9 ± 1.9% contributions. These results are in agreement with a previous study which used measurements of ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex fallout radionuclides to estimate the relative contribution from these two sources. This result shows that LM‐OSL may be a useful method, at least in the studied catchment, to estimate the relative contribution of surface soil and channel erosion to river sediments. However, further research in different settings is required to test the difference of OSL signals in distinguishing these sediment sources. And if generally acceptable, this technique may provide an alternative to the use of fallout radionuclides for source tracing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于车载LiDAR点云的地物分类方法的研究     

邵帅  刘春晓  周光耀  井文胜 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(2):198-201

基于点云分类常用的近邻聚类法和物体表面分割等方法,本文提出了一种基于最大网格密度的近邻聚类的方法。该方法首先对原始点云进行低点提取,设置格网的大小,在此基础上对点云数据进行去噪并进行主成分分析,再对点云空间进行均匀格网化,使具有最大密度的格网为聚类中心,加入高程、强度以及法向量等特征对分割后的点云实现了不同地物的分类,提高了运算效率,降低了错分率。  相似文献   

Elements and Element Components of the Rural Landscape in Linpan of Western Sichuan in Relation to Perception,Preference and Stress Recovery     

LUO Hao  DENG Li  JIANG Songlin  FU Erkang  MA Jun  SUN Lingxia  JIANG Mingyan  CAI Shizhen  JIA Yin  CAI Jun  LI Xi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(3):384-396

Natural environments contribute to people’s perception, preference and health restoration. Many researchers have focused either on the positive effects of overall rural environments on stress recovery or concentrated on the perception and preference aspects of the rural landscape, but few have integrated perception, preference and stress recovery simultaneously. This paper developed a framework which includes 11 elements and 38 element components related to Linpan, China, and distributed it online as part of a survey. As a result, a total of 324 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire included demographic details, perception and preference degree for Linpan, as well as self-estimations of stress recovery. Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed, and revealed 16 significant predictors for the perception, preference and stress recovery in rural environments. In terms of elements, atmosphere and imagery were the two elements that could be best perceived, while woodland, farmland, water, residence and road were the five most important elements for the preference. Moreover, seven elements were also identified as significant predictors for stress recovery. Among the element components, tranquility as well as road and water proximity were the two significant predictors for perception, while wide visibility as well as woodland and residence blending contributed significantly to stress recovery. The five element components of woodland interior, vegetable field, stream, courtyard space and branch road each had a significantly predictive ability for preference and stress recovery. These findings extend the understanding of the perception, preference and restorative properties of rural environments through the combination of elements and element components in Linpan of Western Sichuan, helping to improve the quality and characteristics of rural external and internal environments and create health-promoting environments.  相似文献   

The Geography of Malnutrition     

Ty Beal  Daniel Ervin 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(1):47-59

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of an emerging theme within the subfield of nutritional geography we call the geography of malnutrition. Work relating to malnutrition is a high-priority research topic, with growing relevance to geographical concepts, but there is no overview of geographical approaches to this theme. Using keyword searches in Google Scholar and Web of Science to obtain relevant publications, we identified the major foci of work within this theme: undernutrition, diseases that cause malnutrition, the nutrition transition, and critical and feminist approaches to malnutrition. We review these foci, provide examples of prominent work, and identify areas of research concerning malnutrition that are highly spatial but have yet to be effectively studied using geographic techniques.  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江中部流域沙地植被的分类和排序   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

沈渭寿 《中国沙漠》1997,17(3):269-273

选用模糊聚类分析方法,利用群落组种的相对盖度作为优势度指标,将该区沙地植被划分为22个群系,群系下又划分出了不同的群丛。同时,采用主分量分析(PCA)模型,对10个常见的群落类型进行了二维排序,比较直观和真实地反映了不同群落类型在土壤砾石化程度和土壤潜在肥力2个环境梯度上的分布情况。  相似文献   

Elastic response of catamaran wetdeck to liquid impact     

Alexander Korobkin 《Ocean Engineering》1998,25(8):687-714

The impact of an elastic plate onto the compressible fluid without free surface deformation is considered. The ability of the liquid volume to be deformed is geometrically limited which leads to severe impact conditions. The present analysis is focused on the stresses in the plate and the hydrodynamic loads under the impact. The motivation for this research comes from ship hydrodynamics, where the hulls of a catamaran restrict the liquid outflow and the water impacts onto the wetdeck. The influence of the air on the impact process is investigated. The analysis did not reveal any great advantage of utilizing the air-cushion effect or ejection of air into the water near the impact region to prevent high stresses in the elastic plate. It was found that in the problem considered, the stress peaks far from the plate centre and the one-mode approximation does not provide correct information about the stress level.  相似文献   

啤麦穗粒结构的分阶段气候评价和预报方法研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

商兆堂  蒋名淑 《气象科学》1999,19(4):407-412

通过对十多年来啤麦穗粒结构与气象条件的关系的计算分析,得出了啤麦不同生育阶段影响穗粒结构的主要气象要素,并建立起其间的线性关系模式,为对啤麦产量构成要素进行分阶段的气候评价和预报提供了新的方法。  相似文献