中非赞比亚成矿带谦比希铜钴矿床钴的赋存状态与成矿规律     

卢宜冠  涂家润  孙凯  覃鹏  王华青  何胜飞  张航  龚鹏辉  郭硕  方科  和文言 《地学前缘》2021,28(3):338-354

谦比希铜钴矿床是中非赞比亚成矿带重要的超大型铜钴矿床之一,由主矿体、西矿体和东南矿体3部分组成,赋矿层位主要为下罗安亚群敏多拉组和基特韦组,岩性包括泥质板岩、泥质石英岩、板岩、石英砂岩等。现有资料对于矿床中钴的赋存状态和含钴矿物成因的研究较为薄弱,这也直接制约了对钴矿的成因认识及今后找矿方向。本次研究聚焦谦比希矿床中的富钴矿物,对该类矿物进行电子探针、微区X射线荧光光谱分析和S同位素研究,通过查明谦比希矿床中钴的赋存状态及成因机制,为今后区域上钴资源的找矿勘查提供理论依据。分析结果表明谦比希矿床中钴以独立矿物和类质同象形式存在,其中独立矿物主要为硫铜钴矿和硫钴矿。在热液黄铁矿(Py2)和磁黄铁矿中,钴含量最高分别可达4.9%和1.5%,Co与Fe含量成反比关系且Co富集区域较为均匀地分布在硫化物中,说明Co取代Fe以类质同象方式赋存于黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿中。此外,谦比希矿床热液期黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿的Co-Ni范围不同于夕卡岩型及其他几种成矿类型的黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿,结合前人对热液矿化期流体包裹体的H-O同位素研究,暗示富钴的成矿流体可能并非岩浆热液流体,而是中-高温的变质热液流体。西矿体斑铜矿和东南矿体磁黄铁矿δ³⁴S值分别为6‰~6.9‰和7.2‰~12.6‰,表明热化学硫酸盐还原作用是谦比希矿床还原性硫形成的主要机制,硫化物在经历了变质作用后δ³⁴S值具有均一化。综合本文和前人已有研究,我们认为钴的主成矿期与卢菲利安造山作用密切相关,造山期中-高温变质热液使得钴、铜等金属元素再富集。NE-SW向挤压形成的褶皱枢纽及特定走向断层的交汇处等构造发育部位可以作为钴矿体的有利找矿地段,而热液脉中的黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿组合可作为区域上寻找钴矿体的矿物标志。  相似文献   

基于高光谱技术的黑土地微量金属元素探测方法及地学意义     

王建华  左玲  李志忠  穆华一  周萍  杨佳佳  赵英俊  秦凯 《地质力学学报》2021,27(3):418-429

在土壤中重金属含量较低的情况下,重金属的高光谱特征响应非常微弱,不易构建精确的高光谱直接反演模型。为了解决上述问题,依据土壤化学变量间的理化性质,将重金属富集特征转移到与之相关的化学主量元素上,使重金属微弱的信息得以间接定量反演。文中以海伦市黑土土壤为研究对象,通过主成分分析、聚类分析确定了主量元素氧化铁（Fe₂O₃）与微量重金属As、Zn、Cd之间存在明显吸附赋存关系。选用偏最小二乘法构建了研究区氧化铁含量的最佳反演模型（决定系数为0.704,均方根误差为0.148,F检验为12.732）,并利用氧化铁与As、Zn、Cd之间的赋存关系,通过神经网络构建了氧化铁预测值与重金属真实值间的非线性拟合模型,得出As含量的拟合程度最高,Zn的拟合程度较好,Cd的拟合效果较理想,总体相关性分别为0.796、0.732、0.530。研究结果表明,基于氧化铁含量的间接预测模型能对微量重金属As、Zn、Cd进行较好的定量预测,为微量重金属含量的定量分析提供了新的方法参考,为高光谱遥感技术预测土壤重金属含量提供了依据,增强了土壤微量重金属反演可行性,对细化自然资源质量监测、深化开展地学系统综合分析与评价有重要意义。   相似文献   

Limit states and failure mechanisms of viscous dampers and the implications for large earthquakes     

H. Kit Miyamoto  Amir S. J. Gilani  Akira Wada  Christopher Ariyaratana 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(11):1279-1297

Fluid viscous dampers are used to control story drifts and member forces in structures during earthquake events. These elements provide satisfactory performance at the design‐level or maximum considered earthquake. However, buildings using fluid viscous dampers have not been subjected to very large earthquakes with intensities greater than the design and maximum considered events. Furthermore, an extensive database of viscous damper performance during large seismic events does not exist. To address these issues, a comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation was conducted to determine the performance of damped structures subjected to large earthquakes. A critical component of this research was the development and verification of a detailed viscous damper mathematical model that incorporates limit states. The development of this model and the laboratory and simulation results conclude good correlation with the new model and the damper limit states and provide superior results compared with the typical damper model when considering near collapse evaluation of structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

长江倒灌鄱阳湖原因及发生条件的量化指标   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王志寰  朱立俊  王建中  范红霞  陈槐  刘贝贝 《水科学进展》1990,31(2):203-213

江湖倒灌对鄱阳湖流域水动力变化和流域水环境保护等方面有重要影响,正确认识江湖倒灌原因和倒灌发生条件对明晰江湖倒灌作用机理、研究倒灌强度和倒灌影响范围等方面具有重要意义。在剖析江湖倒灌原因的基础上,从非恒定流洪水波传播的角度出发,结合鄱阳湖为"河相"、"湖相"时江湖倒灌的特点,提出了长江作用强度指标和鄱阳湖作用强度指标,在此基础上引入江湖作用综合强度函数,依据实测资料,分析研究了江湖作用综合强度函数的关系表达式、江湖倒灌发生条件及量化指标。经验证,所提出的江水倒灌量化指标可区分江湖顶托和江湖倒灌现象,可实现对鄱阳湖为"河相"、"湖相"时的江湖倒灌预测,且提高了预测江湖倒灌起止时间、总历时和年内发生次数的准确率,成果可用于江湖关系研究和鄱阳湖流域水资源综合利用工程实践中。  相似文献   

Some results of night-time scintillations at low latitude     

Sushil Kumar  S K Vijay  A K Gwal 《Journal of Earth System Science》1993,102(2):307-312

Ionospheric scintillation observations of VHF radio signals from FLEETSAT satellite (73°E longitude) at Bhopal from January 1990 to December 1990 have been used to study the characteristic variations of scintillation activity. It is found that scintillation occurrence is essentially a night-time phenomenon and day-time scintillations are very rare. Annual average nocturnal variation of percentage occurrence of scintillations shows maximum at around 2100–2200 hours LT. Seasonally, scintillations are most prominent during equinoxes and least during summer. Geomagnetic disturbances tend to decrease the occurrence of scintillations in the pre-midnight period.  相似文献   

Palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism of the Deccan traps     

C. Radhakrishnamurty  K. V. Subbarao 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(4):669-680

Extensive work on the palaeomagnetism of the Deccan traps by several workers has revealed only one reversal (normal-reverse-normal) of the geomagnetic field during the period of eruption of these flows. The scatter in the natural remanent magnetic directions of different flows in a sequence of these traps is rather large and it persists even after magnetic cleaning. Generally this large scatter of directions is attributed to the geomagnetic secular variation during formation of the traps. Recent studies of the magnetic properties of the trap samples indicate that the presence of multidomain magnetite in a lava sequence differs from locality to locality in the Deccan trap province and so the stability of their natural remanent magnetization. While these features can be clearly perceived, an understanding of the same seems to be quite difficult. However, it appears that part of the scatter in directions could be due to the alteration of the magnetic minerals in the Deccan traps and hence it would not be proper to relate the entire scatter to the secular variation.  相似文献   

Bacterial contribution to sedimentary organic matter; a comparative study of lipid moieties in bacteria and Recent sediments     

H. Goossens  W. Irene  C. Rijpstra  R.R. Düren  J.W. De Leeuw  P.A. Schenck 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)

A systematic study of the lipid composition of thirteen bacterial species and three Recent sediments (methanogenic sediment, cyanobacterial mat and evaporative gypsum crust) was undertaken in an attempt to recognize bacterial organic matter in sediments. A sequential method, which distinguishes between three different modes of occurrence of lipid moieties (free, OH⁻- and H⁺-labile), was applied. The acid-labile fractions are discussed.The three main groups of bacteria, archaebacteria, gram-positive eubacteria and gram-negative eubacteria, are easily distinguished. Methanogenic and extremely halophilic archaebacteria are characterized by the presence of diphytanyl glyceryl ether and the absence of fatty acids. The gram-positive eubacteria contain primarily iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids whereas the gram-negative bacteria and sediments are dominated by β- and α-hydroxy fatty acids. A wide variety of H⁺-labile hydroxy fatty acids was observed which included several, as yet unknown, structures.β-Hydroxy fatty acids in this H⁺-labile mode of occurrence are exclusively present in bacteria. Their distribution patterns in sediments are considered “fingerprints” of past and present bacterial populations. The specific differences in β -hydroxy fatty acid compositions observed in the different bacteria and the three sediments investigated, suggest that amide-linked β-hydroxy fatty acid patterns are useful as markers of bacterial populations and therefore of environmental conditions.  相似文献   

安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿床中伴生金的赋存状态     

季汝清  周文雅  张仕兰 《岩石矿物学杂志》1987,6(1):64-71

矿体赋存于燕山早期形成的石英闪长斑岩及闪长玢岩中。矿石的主要金属矿物有:黄铜矿、黄铁矿、斑铜矿、自然金、银金矿等。黄铁矿、黄铜矿是金的主要载体矿物。通过矿相鉴定、单矿物化学研究、物相分析,电子探针分析、透射电镜分析等,查明了金的赋存状态。显微金呈包体状态包含于黄铜矿之中,粒径为5—20微米。次显微佥呈球状、链状及不规则状分布于黄铁矿晶体边缘及微裂隙中。经探针分析,金的成色为790—850,平均成色为815。经物相分析,金的矿物量为85%—95%,表明金是以矿物态存在。我国玉龙、德兴、多宝山等地的斑岩铜矿都有不同程度金的显示,查明金的富集规律及赋存状态,对于综合开发斑岩铜矿,提高矿床利用价值将会开拓新的前景。  相似文献   

高密度电阻率法在东安金矿床勘探中的应用     

张海心  杨言辰 《吉林地质》2005,24(4):76-79

本文论述了高密度电阻率法在逊克县东安岩金矿床勘探中的应用效果;阐明了该方法在地质勘查中解决高阻脉状金矿体产状及埋深的技术手段.  相似文献   

中国煤中的氟   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陈萍  唐修义 《中国煤田地质》2002,14(Z1):25-28

氟是煤中所含微量元素中丰度较高的少数几种元素之一。对我国581个煤样分析数据的统计表明,多数样品氟含量处于20～300mg/kg,平均40mg/kg,个别超过1000mg/kg。氟在煤中赋存状态有:①独立的氟矿物;②以类质同象存在于矿物晶格内;③被矿物吸附;④以F-离子形式溶于水中。在煤中所含微量元素中,氟是对植物、动物和人体健康的影响面最大的元素。  相似文献