潮流沙脊的水力学问题探讨     

刘振夏  夏东兴 《海洋科学进展》1995,(4)

借用河流水力学顺直河道中有两个次生横向环流的假说来解释潮流沙脊的成因，水槽实验和实际观察也支持了这一观点．正是这一次生的纵轴横向环流（即螺旋流）将泥沙从沟槽带向脊顶，建造了大致与潮流方向平行的潮流沙脊．根据底质粒度成份和分布特点．可分为粗底质沙脊和细底质沙脊两类．前者组成物质偏粗，底质分布为脊细槽粗，后者组成物质偏细，底质分布为脊粗槽细．这是因为影响颗粒起动流速的主导因素不同，前者以重力为主，后者以颗粒间粘结力为主．它们都反映沟槽中流速大于脊顶处流速．  相似文献   

南极国际GPS跟踪站的海潮位移改正 (英文)     

Youwen Liu  Weiping Jiang  Xiaohui Zhou 《地球空间信息科学学报》2008,11(2):148-151

This paper describes the ocean loading tides corrections of GPS stations in Antarctica, such as the Great Wall station and Zhongshan station. Based on the theory of ocean loading tides, the displacement corrections of ocean loading tides on GPS stations in Antarctica are calculated by using the CRS4.0 ocean loading tides model. These corrections are also applied to GPS data processing. The GPS data are analyzed by the GAMIT software with and without these corrections. We compared and analyzed the GPS baseline components to get the differences. The results show that the ocean tidal displacement corrections have obvious effects upon GPS baseline components. Therefore, we should not ignore the ocean loading tides corrections of GPS stations in Antarctica to obtain precise and reliable results.  相似文献   

末次盛冰期以来印度尼西亚穿越流对东印度洋上部水体结构的影响          下载免费PDF全文

叶黎明  翦知湣  金海燕  成鑫荣 《第四纪研究》2008,28(3):458-464

海洋上部水体垂向结构变化对于理解热带海区在全球气候变化中的作用有着重要意义。通过分析印度尼西亚穿越流(ITF)出口处东印度洋帝汶海区SO18480-3孔中的浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber和温跃层种Pulleniatina obliquiloculata壳体氧碳同位素,并借助12个AMS¹⁴C测年数据重建了末次盛冰期(LGM)以来该区温跃层深度和营养盐水平的演化序列。壳体氧同位素(δ¹⁸O)记录表明温跃层古海洋学特征的变化幅度要大于表层海水,其差值(Δδ¹⁸O_(P-G))有效地反映了温跃层深度的变化,即冰消期和晚全新世温跃层较浅,LGM和早中全新世温跃层较深;并揭示出与全新世相比,LGM期间ITF总流量未显著减小,ITF对该区上部水体结构的影响受到了东西太平洋之间不对称性的调节。碳同位素(δ¹³C)记录则表明该区的古海洋学变化在不同程度上受到了南大洋的影响,并受本区上部水体垂向结构的控制,其差值(Δδ¹³_(G-P))在一定程度上反映了该区上部水体营养盐水平的变化。  相似文献   

渤海GNSS-R机载测风试验及其反演结果     

周兆明  符养 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2008,33(3):241-244

对渤海GNSS-R机载试验进行了海面风场反演.结果表明,风速精度优于1 m/s,风向精度优于20°.  相似文献   

A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (Iran)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A. Ghasemi  C.J. Talbot 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2006,26(6):683-693

Recent geochemical studies of volcanic rocks forming part of the ophiolites within the Zagros and Naien-Baft orogen indicate that most of them were developed as supra-subduction ophiolites in intra-oceanic island arc environments. Intra-oceanic island arcs and ophiolites now forming the Naien-Baft zone were emplaced southwestward onto the northeastern margin of the South Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, while those now in the High Zagros were emplaced southwestward onto the northern margin of Arabia. Thereafter, subduction continued on opposite sides of the remnant oceans. The floor of Neo-Tethys Ocean was subducted at a low angle beneath the entire Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, and the floor of the Naien-Baft Ocean was subducted beneath the Central Iranian Micro-continent. The Naien-Baft Ocean extended into North-West Iran only temporarily. This failed ocean arm (between the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage and the main Zagros Thrust) was filled by thick Upper Triassic–Upper Jurassic sediments. The Naien-Baft Ocean finally closed in the Paleocene and Neo-Tethys closed in the Early to Middle Eocene. After Arabia was sutured to Iran, the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage recorded slab break-off in the Middle Eocene.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene highstand and recession of a small, high-altitude pluvial lake, Jakes Valley, central Great Basin, USA     

Antonio Francisco García  Martin Stokes 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(1):179-186

Models of factors controlling late Pleistocene pluvial lake-level fluctuations in the Great Basin are evaluated by dating lake levels in Jakes Valley. “Jakes Lake” rose to a highstand at 13,870 ± 50 ¹⁴C Yr B.P., receded to a stillstand at 12,440 ± 50 ¹⁴C yr B.P., and receded steadily to desiccation thereafter. The Jakes Lake highstand is roughly coincident with highstands of lakes Bonneville, Lahontan and Russell. The rise to highstand and recession of Jakes Lake were most likely controlled by a storm track steered by the polar jet stream. The final stillstand of Jakes Lake helps constrain timing of northward retreat of the polar jet stream during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.  相似文献   

Fan beheading and drainage diversion as evidence of a 3200-2800 BP earthquake event in the Esmeraldas-Tumaco seismic zone: A case study for the effects of great subduction earthquakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J.F. Dumont  E. Santana  F. Valdez  J.P. Tihay  P. Usselmann  D. Iturralde  E. Navarette 《Geomorphology》2006,74(1-4):100-123

The San Lorenzo area belongs to the Esmeraldas–Tumaco seismic zone where some of the strongest earthquakes of South America occurred during the 20th century. This paper provides evidence for a succession of geomorphic changes characterized by the disruption of the Quaternary drainage network and the reshaping of the Cayapas–Santiago estuary. The rise of the La Boca uplift bordered by the La Boca and San Lorenzo faults is responsible for the southward diversion of the Palabi, Tululbi, Bogotá and Carolina rivers toward the Santiago and Cayapas rivers. The increase of the discharge directed to the Cayapas River generated the change of the channel pattern downstream from the confluence, and the avulsion of a new estuary through the coastal plain. According to the dating of beach ridges the avulsion occurred in the period 3200–2800 BP. This period corresponds also to a faster accretion of the beach ridge margin, interpreted as a response to a small uplift of the shore. The coherency of the three morphologic evidences—diversion of drainage network, avulsion and increase of coastal accretion—suggest a unique morphotectonic event, in relation with the activity of the Esmaraldas–Tumaco seismic zone. The opening of a direct communication through the mangrove margin may have brought favorable conditions for the development of the La Tolita archaeological site after 3000 BP.  相似文献   

内蒙古巴特敖包地区早古生代洋壳消减的岩石证据   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陶继雄  许立权  贺锋  苏茂荣 《华北地质》2005,28(1):1-8

内蒙古白云鄂博北部巴特敖包、查干呼绍一带分布着一系列岛弧型侵入岩,其岩石地球化学特征与典型的埃达克岩(adakite)一致:SiO2 多≥56 %,Al2O3 >15 %,MgO<3 %(很少大于 6 %),Yb(0.726 ~ 2.789)×10-6,La/Yb>10 ~ 20,Y(6.842 ~ 28.734)×10-6,Sr>400×10-6,Sr/Y≥20 ~ 40;Mg#值在0.51 ~ 0.58之间,多大于0.40;稀土元素分析,显示为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型,具正铕异常或微弱负铕异常;微量元素蛛网图中具明显的Sr峰和Nb、Ti低谷。9组锆石 U Pb同位素年龄值(206 Pb/238 U)范围在 345.06 ~ 552.671 Ma间,反映了本区大洋板块消减事件的年龄。构造环境判别证明它们是在岛弧环境下形成,为早古生代期间南蒙古洋板块向宝音图微陆块发生强烈斜向俯冲(oblique subduction),古洋壳板块发生部分熔融、消减而形成的产物。  相似文献   

The Production of Methanol by Flowering Plants and the Global Cycle of Methanol   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

I. E. Galbally  W. Kirstine 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,43(3):195-229

Methanol has been recognised as an important constituent of the background atmosphere, but little is known about its overall cycle in the biosphere/atmosphere system. A model is proposed for the production and emission to the atmosphere of methanol by flowering plants based on plant structure and metabolic properties, particularly the demethylation of pectin in the primary cell walls. This model provides a framework to extend seven sets of measurements of methanol emission rates to the global terrestrial biosphere. A global rate of release of methanol from plants to the atmosphere of 100 Tg y^–1 is calculated. A separate model of the global cycle of methanol is constructed involving emissions from plant growth and decay, atmospheric and oceanic chemical production, biomass burning and industrial production. Removal processes occur through hydroxyl radical attack in the atmosphere, in clouds and oceans, and wet and dry deposition. The model successfully reproduces the methanol concentrations in the continental boundary-layer and the free atmosphere, including the inter-hemispheric gradient in the free atmosphere. The model demonstrates a new concept in global biogeochemistry, the coupling of plant cell growth with the global atmospheric concentration of methanol. The model indicates that the ocean provides a storage reservoir capable of holding at least 66 times more methanol than the atmosphere. The ocean surface layer reservoir essentially buffers the atmospheric concentration of methanol, providing a physically based smoothing mechanism with a time constant of the order of one year.  相似文献   

挑战地球科学的新前沿 21世纪大洋综合钻探计划(OD21)          下载免费PDF全文

刘广志 《探矿工程》2002,(3):55-57

简要介绍即将实施的“21世纪大洋综合钻探计划”的目的、要求、设施等。  相似文献