ON THE PROCESS OF SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER EAST ASIA   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈隆勋  李薇  赵平  陶诗言 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,(4)

Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 andNCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,thedistribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in thispaper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asianregion from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropicalmonsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and therecurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.Thelatter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South ChinaSea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northwardshift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-floodrainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfallappeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China thenformed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoononset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into SouthChina Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow.  相似文献   

IMPACT OF HUMIDITY DATA ON THE PREDICTION OF ONSET VORTEX WITH A LIMITED AREA MODEL          下载免费PDF全文

Anuradha Kulkarni  S. S. Vaidy  S. S. Singh 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,6(4):511-518

A limited area model has been applied to study the impact of satellite-derived relative humidity data on the predic-tion of onset vortex of monsoon 1979.The results show that inclusion of satellite-derived relative humidity data im-proved the prediction of track of the cyclonic circulation and the rainfall rates in the region of the vortex.  相似文献   

ONSET AND RETREAT DATES OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE MONSOON INTENSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE WARMING     

李栋梁  蒋元春  张莉萍  王慧  李潇 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2016,22(3):362-373

Global gridded daily mean data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis(1948-2012) are used to obtain the onset date,retreat date and duration time series of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) for the past 65 years.The summer monsoon onset(retreat) date is defined as the time when the mean zonal wind at 850 hPa shifts steadily from easterly(westerly) to westerly(easterly) and the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature at the same level remains steady at greater than 335 K(less than 335 K) in the South China Sea area[110-120°E(10-20°N)].The clockwise vortex of the equatorial Indian Ocean region,together with the cross-equatorial flow and the subtropical high,plays a decisive role in the burst of the SCSSM.The onset date of the SCSSM is closely related to its intensity.With late(early) onset of the summer monsoon,its intensity is relatively strong(weak),and the zonal wind undergoes an early(late) abrupt change in the upper troposphere.Climate warming significantly affects the onset and retreat dates of the SCSSM and its intensity.With climate warming,the number of early-onset(-retreat) years of the SCSSM is clearly greater(less),and the SCSSM is clearly weakened.  相似文献   

南海夏季风爆发早晚的经向环流异常的机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

温之平  吴乃庚  陈桂兴 《大气科学》2016,40(1):63-77

南海夏季风爆发与东亚地区的局地经向环流密切相关.本文利用线性局地经向环流诊断模式,定量诊断分析了1979~2003年5月1~15日的局地经向环流及其在夏季风爆发早晚年的差异,分析找出了在该关键时段对经向环流异常有正贡献的主要因子,从而确立影响季风爆发的相应天气过程及贡献机制.结果表明,在季风爆发早年期间,局地经向环流异常呈现为"Hadley环流"形态:上升运动(下沉运动)影响南海中北部(江淮地区),低空非地转南风(北风)影响南海中南部(华南和江南地区).季风爆发晚年的情况则与季风爆发早年相反.对造成经向环流异常的各个因子进行定量分析发现,经向分布不均匀的潜热加热的贡献作用最大,其次是温度平流和西风动量输送过程,与越赤道气流有关的边界效应则对南海中南部的低空南风有一定贡献.相应的天气学分析表明,季风爆发偏早年的副热带高空急流强度偏强且位置偏南,其动量输送过程导致对流层上层出现非地转南风、急流轴南侧(北侧)的华南(华北)地区出现高空辐散(辐合)和低层辐合上升(辐散下沉).与此同时,中纬度西风带扰动的南下和副热带高压脊从南海地区的撤出,中低层温度平流导致华中地区冷却和南海中北部增暖,进一步加强低纬地区上升、中纬地区下沉的经向环流异常.华南地区异常的非地转北风与南海中南部异常的非地转南风,显著加强了南海中北部的低空水汽辐合和对流潜热释放,从而激发出强烈上升运动.由此可见,中低纬天气系统配置能有效调节中国东部及南海地区的潜热加热和冷暖平流的南北分布,从而引起与季风爆发对应的局地经向环流的显著变化.  相似文献   

南海夏季风爆发与西太平洋暖池区热含量及对流异常   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

陈永利  胡敦欣 《海洋学报》2003,25(3):20-31

利用1955～1998年逐月的上层海洋热含量资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了南海夏季风爆发与热带西太平洋暖池区热含量异常的关系,并对影响过程进行了探讨.结果表明:(1)热带西太平洋暖池区是热带上层海洋热含量变化最大的区域,暖池区的热含量的变化与ENSO关系密切,是ENSO循环的重要组成部分,也是影响南海夏季风爆发最明显的地区.(2)南海夏季风爆发与前期(特别是前期冬、春季)暖池热状态的变化有密切关系,当前期暖池热含量高时,南海夏季风爆发早,反之爆发晚,这与由暖池变化所产生的上空大气的对流活动密切相关;4月暖池区热含量高(低)是预报南海夏季风爆发早(晚)的一个很好指标.(3)西太平洋暖池区热含量正异常时,辐散中心位于南海—西太平洋,对流强,西太副高弱且位置偏东,季风环流(印度洋纬向环流和经向环流)和Walker环流为正距平环流;正距平的季风环流有利于低空西到西南气流的加强,南海夏季风爆发早,反之爆发晚.由暖池变化所引起的大尺度季风环流和Walker环流的异常变化可能是影响南海夏季风爆发的一个重要动力机制.  相似文献   

春季南海南部上混合层数值模拟与数值实验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘秦玉  孙即霖  贾旭晶 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(2):149-157

采用一维湍动能模式对南海南部的 SST及混合层进行数值模拟和数值试验。结果表明 :TKE模式能够模拟南海南部的海表面温度 SST以及除南海南部 5月中旬以外的上混合层深度随时间变化基本特征。在 5～ 6月 ,SST的日振荡主要依赖于短波辐射的日变化 ,风的混合作用抑制了 SST的日周期振荡。春季夏季风爆发期间 ,南海海面潜热通量和感热通量与短波辐射和风应力相比较 ,是一个对 SST和混合层影响较小的量。在春季南海南部 ,短波辐射作用能使 SST升高的最大值约为 4℃ ;潜热和感热通量能使 SST的下降的最大值为 3℃。风应力对南海混合层深度随时间变化趋势起着决定的作用 ,并能使其深度加深 2 0～ 30 m,而短波辐射则使混合层的深度变浅2～ 3m,潜热和感热通量会使混合层的深度加深 1～ 2 m。在春季南海南部 ,热通量对混合层深度的影响与风应力相比要小得多  相似文献   

The Weakening Relationship between ENSO and the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset in Recent Decades     

Peng HU  Wen CHEN  Shangfeng CHEN  Lin WANG  Yuyun LIU 《大气科学进展》2022,39(3):443-455

The El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is traditionally regarded as the most important factor modulating the interannual variation of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) onset. A preceding El Ni?o(La Ni?a) usually tends to be followed by a delayed(an advanced) monsoon onset. However, the close relationship between ENSO and SCSSM onset breaks down after the early-2000 s, making seasonal prediction very difficult in recent years. Three possible perspectives have been proposed to explain the weakening linkage between ENSO and SCSSM onset, including interdecadal change of the ENSO teleconnection(i.e., the Walker circulation), interferences of other interannual variability(i.e., the Victoria mode), and disturbances on intraseasonal time scales(i.e., the quasi-biweekly oscillation). By comparing the epochs of 1979–2001 and 2002–19, it is found that the anomalous tropical Walker circulation generated by ENSO is much weaker in the latter epoch and thus cannot deliver the ENSO signal to the SCSSM onset. Besides, in recent years, the SCSSM onset is more closely linked to extratropical factors like the Victoria mode, and thus its linkage with ENSO becomes weaker. In addition to these interannual variabilities, the intraseasonal oscillations like the quasi-biweekly oscillation can disrupt the slow-varying seasonal march modulated by ENSO. Thus, the amplified quasi-biweekly oscillation may also contribute to the weakening relationship after the early-2000 s. Given the broken relationship between ENSO and SCSSM onset, the extratropical factors should be considered in order to make skillful seasonal predictions of SCSSM onset, and more attention should be paid to the extended-range forecast based on intraseasonal oscillations.  相似文献   

Study on the Dynamic Process of the Onset of South China Sea Summer Monsoon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Lifeng  ZHANG Yongchui  ZHANG Ming 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(4):511-521

By using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1958 to 1997, we first looked into the atmospheric flow conditions in the one month immediately prior to the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon （SCSSM） each year. A monthly-averaged zonal basic flow of 40-yr composite was then calculated. The stability of Rossby wave in the basic flow was studied based on the spherical barotropic vorticity equation. Furthermore, the spectral function expansion method was adopted to define and compute the evolvement of a developing wave packet. The results indicate that there exists barotropic instability of spherical Rossby wave in the climatically-averaged flow field before the SCSSM onset. The instability is triggered by the westerly jet stream in the Southern Hemisphere, and the strongest instable perturbation lies to the south of the westerly jet stream. The peak of the developing spherical Rossby wave packet propagates from mid and high latitudes to low latitudes, though not crossing the equator, spurring the cumulus convection in the tropical zones. The eruption of the cumulus convection and its spread to monsoon regions help to speed up the adjustment of the general circulation and the SCSSM onset. It is concluded that elements that contribute to the SCSSM onset are on global scale, albeit the onset itself looks like a local phenomenon.  相似文献   

中南半岛与南海热力差异对南海季风爆发的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

刘宣飞  李青  何金海  王平 《气象学报》2009,67(1):100-107

利用1958-1998年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和1975-1998年OLR资料,分析了中南半岛与南海热力差异的季节和年际变化特征,以及这种热力差异对南海季风爆发的影响.结果表明,中南半岛与南海热力差异存在明显的季节变化,从第3候歼始,感热加热的作用使中南半岛地表温度高于南海并一直持续到第25候,之后,中南半岛与南海热力差异发生逆转,这种逆转是由于第22-23候出现在中南半岛的对流及降水造成中南半岛地表温度降低所致.进一步研究指出,中南半岛与南海热力差异的上述季节变化特征还表现出最著的年际差异,这种年际差异对南海季风的爆发有着重要影响.首先,上述热力差异的逆转是南海季风爆发的一个必要条件:1958-1998年,逆转时间均早于(或等于)南海季风爆发时间;其次,中南半岛地表温度高于南海的持续时间与南海季风爆发日期之间呈显著正相关,即中南半岛地表温度高于南海的时间越早、转为低于南海的时间越迟,则南海季风爆发越迟.  相似文献   

2007年入梅期由横槽与低涡切变引发淮河流域强降水的诊断研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李博  赵思雄 《大气科学》2009,33(6):1148-1164

采用对比分析、诊断和数值计算的方法, 运用NCEP资料、常规观测资料、卫星云图资料和地面降水资料, 对2007年6月19～20日发生在淮河干流及其以北地区一次特殊的降水过程 (入梅期首场强降雨) 进行研究。主要结论包括: (1)该年梅雨期降水和首场降水的特点及原因: 梅雨期雨带位置偏北(位于淮河流域而非长江流域), 并且在115°E的中部地区降雨量最大; 入梅后的降雨首先产生在淮河干流上游的湖北、 河南南部地区, 随后雨区迅速北跳至淮河以北的山东南部地区。分析表明, 在临近35°N和115°E区域, 梅雨锋强烈, 冷暖空气汇集, 加之充沛的水汽输送和高低空急流耦合所激发的上升运动, 共同导致了115°E的中部地区产生强烈降水和汛期的雨带偏北; 19～20日淮河及其以北地区阻塞形势迅速调整, 其后所产生的500 hPa横槽对于首场强降水的维持起到了重要作用。低层涡旋系统沿着锋生带, 在槽前气流的引导下向东北方向移动, 致使雨带北跳。 (2) 首场降雨主要由横槽和切变线及其所引发的涡旋共同产生。高空横槽提供了较为活跃的冷空气, 这种横槽形式在典型的梅雨期尚不多见, 但亦值得关注。锋区和低层水汽叠加较好。上升运动的持续增强, 使得不断有强降水时段出现并最终导致强降水产生。 (3) 该年入梅前后存在比较明显的气象信号变化 (包括夏季风、 副高脊线、 阻塞、 环流形势等), 入梅期实质上是中高纬大气环流由非梅雨期特征向梅雨期特征的调整和过渡期。 (4) 在切变线诱生出低涡的过程中, 动力作用比热力作用的影响更为显著。低涡生成后向东北方向移动, 这一时期虽属梅雨起步阶段, 未完全呈现典型梅雨暴雨的特征, 但中尺度云团、 雨团仍十分活跃。  相似文献