Hydraulic properties of peat soils along a bulk density gradient—A meta study     

Haojie Liu  Bernd Lennartz 《水文研究》2019,33(1):101-114

Our understanding of hydraulic properties of peat soils is limited compared with that of mineral substrates. In this study, we aimed to deduce possible alterations of hydraulic properties of peat soils following degradation resulting from peat drainage and aeration. A data set of peat hydraulic properties (188 soil water retention curves [SWRCs], 71 unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves [UHCs], and 256 saturated hydraulic conductivity [K_s] values) was assembled from the literature; the obtained data originated from peat samples with an organic matter (OM) content ranging from 23 to 97 wt% (weight percent; and according variation in bulk density) representing various degrees of peat degradation. The Mualem‐van Genuchten model was employed to describe the SWRCs and UHCs. The results show that the hydraulic parameters of peat soils vary over a wide range confirming the pronounced diversity of peat. Peat decomposition significantly modifies all hydraulic parameters. A bulk density of approximately 0.2 g cm^?3 was identified as a critical threshold point; above and below this value, macroporosity and hydraulic parameters follow different functions with bulk density. Pedotransfer functions based on physical peat properties (e.g., bulk density and soil depth) separately computed for bog and fen peat have significantly lower mean square errors than functions obtained from the complete data set, which indicates that not only the status of peat decomposition but also the peat‐forming plants have a large effect on hydraulic properties. The SWRCs of samples with a bulk density of less than 0.2 g cm^?3 could be grouped into two to five classes for each peat type (botanical composition). The remaining SWRCs originating from samples with a bulk density of larger than 0.2 g cm^?3 could be classified into one group. The Mualem‐van Genuchten parameter values of α can be used to estimate K_s if no K_s data are available. In conclusion, the derived pedotransfer functions provide a solid instrument to derive hydraulic parameter values from easily measurable quantities; however, additional research is required to reduce uncertainty.  相似文献   

Is X‐ray core scanning non‐destructive? Assessing the implications for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments     

Femke Davids  Helen M. Roberts  Geoffrey A. T. Duller 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(3):348-353

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is widely used to date clastic deposits, including those collected by coring. X‐ray scanning of cores has become popular because of the rapidly acquired, high‐resolution information it gives about optical, radiographic and elemental variations. Additionally, X‐ray scanning is widely viewed as a non‐destructive method. However, such instruments use an intense X‐ray beam that irradiates the split core to enable both X‐radiographic and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. This irradiation will influence the optically stimulated luminescence signal in the sediments. This study determines the radiation dose delivered to sediments in a core during an X‐ray scan, and assesses the implications for studies wishing to combine X‐ray scanning and OSL dating. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海洋一号C星光学载荷对海面溢油的识别能力分析     

沈亚峰  刘建强  丁静  焦俊男  孙绍杰  陆应诚 《遥感学报》2020,24(8):933-944

中国首颗海洋水色业务卫星(HY-1C)搭载有水色水温扫描仪(COCTS)、海岸带成像仪(CZI)、紫外成像仪(UVI)等多套光学载荷，已于2019-06开展业务化运行。溢油是海洋环境监测的重要目标之一。近年来，光学遥感对海面溢油不同污染类型的识别、分类与估算原理得以阐明，其技术优势获得认可，能有效促进海面溢油的精细化定量探测。本研究以中国近海，主要以2019-02-20中国南海东沙岛附近海域一次溢油事件为例，收集了HY-1C星COCTS和CZI数据，并获取了同一天的VIIRS、MODIS Terra & Aqua遥感数据，开展了海面溢油的识别分类及其对比分析，重点评估COCTS与CZI光学载荷对海面溢油识别的效能。结果表明：在弱耀光对比条件下，COCTS、CZI、VIIRS均能有效识别此次东沙岛溢油，且COCTS对溢油的识别能力不弱于VIIRS数据；CZI不仅能识别此次溢油，还能区分此次溢油形成的海面油膜与溢油乳化物，从而提供更多的判定信息；CZI数据中，不同溢油污染类型的光谱信号离散度大于清洁海水平均噪声，展现了溢油量估算的潜力。HY-1C星光学载荷展现了优良的辐射分辨率、高信噪比等性能，随着HY-1D星的发射，双星组网观测还能提供更佳的时相分辨率数据，未来会在海洋溢油的实时、定量、精细化观测中提供丰富的数据支撑。  相似文献   

一种基于单目视觉的无人机仿地飞行方法     

付振华  邓瑞芝 《测绘通报》2021,(11):128-130

仿地飞行对于无人机航测至关重要,能否相对地面保持稳定的航高直接关系到无人机在复杂地形区域的安全性和数据质量问题。本文提出一种基于单目视觉的无人机航高估计方法,通过光流法对无人机实时获取的视频进行跟踪和分析,提取运动信息以估算实时航高。试验结果表明,该方法能够快速、准确地估算无人机实时航高,在没有地表高程信息的情况下实现了自动仿地飞行。  相似文献   

Comparison of column-integrated aerosol optical and physical properties in an urban and suburban site on the North China Plain     

Xuehua Fan  Xiang’ao Xia  Hongbin Chen 《大气科学进展》2015,32(4):477-486

The column-integrated optical properties of aerosol in Beijing and Xianghe, two AErosol RObotic NETwork(AERONET)sites situated on the North China Plain(NCP), are investigated based on Cimel sunphotometer measurements from October2004 to June 2012. The outstanding feature found is that the seasonal medians of aerosol optical depth(AOD) at the two stations are in good agreement. The correlation coefficients and the absolute differences between AOD at the two stations are larger than 0.84 and less than 0.05, respectively. Good agreement in AOD at these two sites(one urban and the other suburban; 70 km apart) indicates that aerosol pollution in the Greater Beijing area is regional in nature. However, we find significant differences in the absorption ?Angstr ¨om Exponent(AAE), the real and imaginary part of the refractive index, and thereby the single scattering albedo(SSA), and the difference is seasonally dependent. The feature is found to be more prominent in fall when the fine-mode fraction(FMF) and fine-mode effective radius are significantly different at the two stations,besides the parameters mentioned above. The SSA in Beijing at four wavelengths shows lower values as compared to those in Xianghe, although the difference is not significant in some cases. Significant differences in AAE and fine-mode effective radius indicate that there are differences in aerosol physical and chemical properties in urban and suburban regions on the NCP.  相似文献   

西沙群岛西科1井梅山组一段储层物性特征及储集评价     

于亚苹  刘立  徐守立  吴仕玖  刘才  宋土顺  刘娜  赵爽  李晓 《世界地质》2015,34(4):1069-1078

基于岩芯观察和薄片鉴定,对西沙群岛西科1井梅山组一段生物礁储层特征进行系统分析和评价。研究表明,岩石成分为方解石和白云石;岩石组构为骨架和碎屑颗粒、基质、胶结物;岩石类型有白云岩、灰质白云岩、颗粒灰岩、泥粒灰岩和漂砾灰岩。储集空间类型包括原生粒间孔、粒内孔和晶间孔,次生溶孔、铸模孔、粒内溶孔和裂缝。白云岩储层物性好,颗粒灰岩储层物性差。研究区主体为高孔、高渗型储层,其次为中孔、中渗型储层,含有少量的低孔、低渗型储层。  相似文献   

MICP联合纤维加筋改性钙质砂力学特性研究     

尹黎阳  唐朝生  张龙 《高校地质学报》2021,27(6):679-686

钙质砂是中国南海岛礁工程建设的主要建筑材料和地基土成份,其具有高孔隙、易破碎和强度低等不良工程地质特性。为改善钙质砂力学性能,提高其工程可靠性,提出利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）协同纤维加筋改性钙质砂。文章通过开展无侧限抗压试验以及扫描电镜测试,对比分析不同纤维掺量下MICP固化钙质砂的力学响应特性及微观破坏机理。结果表明：（1）MICP技术能够有效固化钙质砂,并提升其力学强度;（2）纤维能够增加细菌定殖面积,提升碳酸钙沉积量,并由此提升试样延性和韧性,降低刚度;（3）应力应变曲线呈阶梯状多峰特征。在应力上升阶段,砂颗粒和碳酸钙会发生局部破碎;在峰后应力下降阶段,碳酸钙、砂颗粒、纤维的胶结作用增强了纤维的抗拔性能,限制了破坏面的发展;（4）碳酸钙、砂颗粒、纤维的耦合胶结作用是纤维加筋改善试样韧性、延性的根本原因。  相似文献   

Retrieval of aerosol optical properties over a vegetation surface using multi-angular,multi-spectral,and polarized data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Han  SUN Xiaobing  SUN Bin  LIANG Tianquan  LI Cuili  HONG Jin 《大气科学进展》2014,31(4):879-887

An algorithm to retrieve aerosol optical properties using multi-angular,multi-spectral,and polarized data without a priori knowledge of the land surface was developed.In the algorithm,the surface polarized reflectance was estimated by eliminating the atmospheric scattering from measured polarized reflectance at 1640 nm.A lookup table （LUT） and an iterative method were adopted in the algorithm to retrieve the aerosol optical thickness （AOT,at 665 nm） and the （A）ngstr（o）m exponent （computed between the AOTs at 665 and 865 nm）.Experiments were performed in Tianjin to verify the algorithm.Data were provided by a newly developed airborne instrument,the Advanced Atmosphere Multi-angle Polarization Radiometer （AMPR）.The AMPR measurements over the target field agreed well with the nearby ground-based sun photometer.An algorithm based on Research Scanning Polarimeter （RSP） measurements was introduced to validate the observational measurements along a flight path over Tianjin.The retrievals were consistent between the two algorithms.The AMPR algorithm shows potential in retrieving aerosol optical properties over a vegetation surface.  相似文献   

基于太阳光度计的成都双流地区夏季气溶胶光学特性研究     

李梅芳  叶芝祥 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(2):213-216

选取成都信息工程学院航空港校区为研究区,利用CE318太阳光度计于2013年6月期间连续观测的数据反演气溶胶光学厚度,Angstrom指数和粒子谱分布,然后进行气溶胶光学特性分析,结果表明:气溶胶光学厚度随波长增加而减少;气溶胶光学厚度随人为活动和天气等诸多因素变化而变化;平均波长指数显示该地区气溶胶中小粒子占主控地位,平均直径在1.2μm左右;平均浑浊度系数为0.44,大气处于浑浊状态;粒子谱分布呈双峰型,证明该地区为城市气溶胶类型,也详细表明气溶胶粒径的变化。  相似文献   

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张捍卫  雷伟伟  丁安民 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(2):51-54

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