Exploring the relative contribution of mineralogy and CPO to the seismic velocity anisotropy of evaporites     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

We present the influence of mineralogy and microstructure on the seismic velocity anisotropy of evaporites. Bulk elastic properties and seismic velocities are calculated for a suite of 20 natural evaporite samples, which consist mainly of halite, anhydrite, and gypsum. They exhibit strong fabrics as a result of tectonic and diagenetic processes. Sample mineralogy and crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) were obtained with the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and the data used for seismic velocity calculations. Bulk seismic properties for polymineralic evaporites were evaluated with a rock recipe approach. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were also taken on cube shaped samples to assess the contribution of grain-scale shape preferred orientation (SPO) to the total seismic anisotropy. The sample results suggest that CPO is responsible for a significant fraction of the bulk seismic properties, in agreement with observations from previous studies. Results from the rock recipe indicate that increasing modal proportion of anhydrite grains can lead to a greater seismic anisotropy of a halite-dominated rock. Conversely, it can lead to a smaller seismic anisotropy degree of a gypsum-dominated rock until an estimated threshold proportion after which anisotropy increases again. The difference between the predicted anisotropy due to CPO and the anisotropy measured with ultrasonic velocities is attributed to the SPO and grain boundary effects in these evaporites.  相似文献   

The influence of fault geometry on small strike-slip fault mechanics     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

Meter-scale subvertical strike-slip fault traces in the central Californian Sierra Nevada exhibit geometric complexities that significantly contribute to their mechanical behavior. Sections of faults that opened at depth channelized fluid flow, as evidenced by hydrothermal mineral infillings and alteration haloes. Thin sections show a variation in the style of ductile deformation of infill along the fault, with greater intensities of deformation along restraining bends. Orthorectified photomosaics of outcrops provide model geometries and parameter constraints used in a two-dimensional displacement discontinuity model incorporating a complementarity algorithm. Model results show that fault shape influences the distribution of opening, and consequently the spatial distribution of fluid conduits. Geometric irregularities are present at many scales, and sections of opening occur along both releasing and restraining bends. Model sensitivity tests focus on boundary conditions along the fault: frictional properties on closed sections and fluid pressure within sections of opening. The influence of the remote stress state varies along a non-planar fault, complicating the relationships between remote stresses, frictional properties, slip, and opening. Discontinuous sections of opening along model faults are similar in spatial distribution and aperture to the epidote infill assemblages observed in the field.  相似文献   

西安地区软黄土工程地质特征和分布规律雏议     

段真富  徐洪安  张玲 《地球科学与环境学报》1992,(1)

本文介绍了西安地区软黄土的物理力学性质,指出了以软黄土作地基土时所需要注意的主要工程地质问题,还介绍了如何识别软黄土的方法及软黄土在西安地区的分布规律。这对西安地区的工程地质勘察和对软黄土的研究具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

Atmospheric aerosol pollution across China: a spatiotemporal analysis of satellite-based aerosol optical depth during 2000–2016     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(7):843-857

ABSTRACT

Increasing attention has been paid to the deterioration of air quality in China during the past decade. This study presents the spatiotemporal variations of aerosol concentration across China during 2000–2016 using aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the atmospheric product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Percentile thresholds are applied to define AOD days with different loadings. Temporally, aerosol concentration has increased since 2000 and reached the highest level in 2011; then it has declined from 2011 to 2016. Seasonally, aerosol concentration is the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. Spatially, North China and Sichuan Basin are featured by high aerosol concentration with increasing trends in North China and decreasing trends in Sichuan Basin. North, Southeast and Southwest China have been through increasing days with low AOD loading; however, Northeast China has experienced increasing days with high AOD loading. It is likely that air quality influenced by aerosols has notably improved over North China in spring and summer, over Southwest and Southeast China in autumn, but has degraded over Northeast China in autumn.  相似文献   

Distributions and vertical variation patterns of sound speed of surface sediments in South China Sea     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

The distributions of sound speed show different characteristics in continental shelf, continental slope and Nansha Trough. The differences have closely related to the distributions of sediment physical properties in the southern South China Sea. According to the analysis of sound speeds and physical properties variation characteristics with buried depth, the vertical variations of sound speed are closely related to sediment texture, sedimentary environment, transport, erosion, compaction, consolidation, etc. The comparison results indicate 3 vertical variation patterns of sound speed: increasing model, invariant model and complicate variation model. The above 3 variation models represent the vertical distribution characteristics of sound speed in different depositional environments. Different variation patterns have different key factors which generally contain porosity or grain size. The calculated sound speeds with Buckingham’s theory of compressional waves in fluid-like marine sediments follows the trend of measured speeds accurately.  相似文献   

Processes on the Thermodynamic?Properties?of?Lithium?Borates     

HU Haiqing  ZHANG Sisi  GUO Yafei  WANG Shiqiang  DENG Tianlong 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):337-338

正1 Introduction Lithium and its compounds as national strategic resources are extensively used in national defense,industrial and agricultural production.As we know,the salt lakes in the western of China are famous for its high  相似文献   

安徽东至兆吉口铅锌矿地球化学特征及成因类     

肖金根 《江苏地质》2014,38(3):365-373

安徽东至兆吉口铅锌矿的主要赋矿层位为蓟县系环沙组下段,成矿元素来源多元化,环沙组变质围岩和矿体附近岩浆岩体是重要矿源层.通过对该区岩石地球化学特征和矿床地球化学特征的分析总结,认为兆吉口铅锌矿是一个与岩浆活动有关的浅成低温热液充填型矿床.  相似文献   

“岩浆热场”说及其成矿意义(上)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张旗  金惟浚  李承东  焦守涛 《甘肃地质》2014,23(1):1-18

文中首先介绍了岩浆热场的沿革,指出"岩浆热场"并不是一个新概念,很早已出现在文献中了。常识告诉我们,炽热的岩浆侵位必定在周围形成一个热场,这就是岩浆热场。国外在19世纪晚期即对岩浆热场有比较深入的研究。罗文积和陈家清早在20世纪90年代(1997)就明确表述了对"岩浆热场"的认识,并给予精彩的阐述,他们是"岩浆热场"学说的先行者。文中简要介绍了地热场的概念,讨论了岩石的热力学性质、热传导形式、影响热流和地温分布的各种可能的因素。而"岩浆热场"指的是:在一个很短的时间内,在一个局部的地区出现的岩浆活动,使该区域地热梯度相对周边地区明显的上升,使之形成一个局部区域的热场。热场的规模很小,通常只离岩体几米或几公里。热异常和等温线是垂直分布的,叠加在地热场之上。并介绍了岩浆热场的基本特征。岩浆热场与地热场的热的来源不同,热的分布不同,地温梯度不同,热场规模不同,持续的时间不同,热与流体的关系不同以及研究方法不同等。岩浆热场说是建立在岩浆物理性质和岩浆动力学基础上的,它依赖于对岩浆的形成、侵位、冷却、固结及其对围岩的影响等知识的了解。牵涉到岩浆的温度、压力、黏度、密度、流变等基本问题。文中着重讨论了岩浆对围岩的热效应和岩浆热场中的流体等问题。岩浆热场最重要的意义是,它是流体赖以上升的通道。文中还概略讨论了流体和成矿流体来自哪里?流体是怎样上升的?热场中流体是怎样对流循环的?热液双向汇聚成矿理论等。  相似文献   

有效储层物性下限方法的研究现状和发展方向     

刘毛利  冯志鹏  蔡永良  粟鹏  朱征兵 《四川地质学报》2014,(1):9-13

有效储层物性下限是评价储层储量最有效的方法,目前确定有效储层物性下限值的主要参数为储层的孔隙度、渗透率、含水饱和度参数。因储层物性受多种因素控制,导致不同地区、同一地区的不同时间段其物性下限均不同。目前确定物性下限值的方法包括压汞实验法、分布函数曲线法、核磁共振法、含油产状法等。每种方法均有其利弊,采用综合评价方法是未来确定有效储层物性下限的发展方向。  相似文献   

水平荷载下单片地下连续墙基础的应变楔模型分析法     

刘云忠  ;戴国亮 《岩土工程技术》2014,(4):172-176

近年来单片地下连续墙被广泛运用于桥梁工程和高层建筑中,但其大部分研究均集中于单片地下连续墙的竖向承载性能试验研究和理论分析,只进行了少量单片墙的水平承载性能试验研究.通过应变楔模型把墙与土之间复杂的三维接触特性简化为一维的弹性地基梁中所需土体的参数,然后按照弹性地基梁的理论计算墙的内力和变形,利用室内模型试验实测数据验证了该算法的合理性.可为类似工程提供依据.  相似文献