青藏高原大陆动力学研究若干进展   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

许志琴  杨经绥  侯增谦  张泽明  曾令森  李海兵  张建新  李忠海  马绪宣 《中国地质》2016,(1):1-42

近10年来,"大陆构造与动力学实验室"在青藏高原大陆动力学研究,尤其在特提斯演化和青藏高原生长方面取得若干进展,包括(1)"青藏高原——造山的高原"理念的提出;(2)青藏高原特提斯体制和构造格架的再造;(3)新特提斯蛇绿岩中原位金刚石和深地幔矿物群的重大发现;(4)新特提斯洋盆俯冲新机制的揭示;(5)印度/亚洲碰撞的早期岩浆和喜马拉雅折返中的作用;(6)喜马拉雅三维碰撞造山机制和折返全过程的初步建立;(7)青藏高原东南缘物质逃逸的新机制——"弯曲与地壳解耦"的提出;(8)青藏高原俯冲型、碰撞型及陆内型片麻岩穹窿;(9)青藏高原东缘汶川强震的构造背景和强震机制;(10)青藏高原碰撞造山成矿模式;(11)印度/亚洲碰撞过程的数值模拟。综述和集成上述成果是为了与同行们交流磋商,进一步共同发展青藏高原大陆动力学理论,向国际地学前沿的冲刺。  相似文献   

煤田资料的铀矿二次开发技术及其找矿意义——以二连盆地ZS煤田铀矿点的发现为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吴兆剑  韩效忠 《中国地质》2016,(2):617-627

在中国北方主要盆地铀矿地质调查工作中,煤田自然伽马异常作为主要矿化信息和找矿线索,为一系列铀矿床(点)的快速发现奠定了坚实基础。为进一步提高煤田资料铀矿二次开发的高效性和准确性,运用水成铀矿理论,以中国二连盆地ZS煤矿区典型铀矿点的发现为例,初步探讨了煤田资料的铀矿二次开发技术,提出了"异常筛选与选区分析、原位验证与环境判别、等时地层格架建立与沉积体系分析、综合分析与靶区定位"四位一体的煤矿区铀矿地质调查模式。这对中国北方含煤盆地铀矿地质调查工作提供了新的找矿思路和技术路线,具有较重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

国际油气井钻头进展概述 (四)——PDC钻头发展进程及当今态势（下）          下载免费PDF全文

左汝强 《探矿工程》2016,43(4):40-48

近年来,非平面PDC切削齿,如浅凹面PDC齿、Stinger毒牙中心锥形齿、Stinger毒牙刀翼锥形齿、AxeBlade斧式脊形PDC齿和StayCool保持冷却PDC齿等制造的钻头,逐步在油气钻井中得到有效的应用。这些钻头能够以较高的钻进效率和工作寿命钻进某些硬岩和研磨性地层。为了满足水平钻井,特别在页岩气水平井中能够强力排除岩屑,并具有优良的钻井导向性能,国际著名公司推出了许多新型钻头,如ONXY Ⅱ矛式PDC钻头、Seeker导向PDC钻头、CounterForce反力PDC钻头、Speed快速PDC钻头等用于当代油气钻井,取得了良好的效果。文章还介绍了Defyer DPA套管钻头与CuttPro PDC防剪切保护帽。提出了以下建议：继续深入研究PDC钻头,以提高其性能,更好地满足油气钻井的要求;组合化钻头是油气钻头发展的重要趋势;比金刚石性能更好的钻头切削材料有可能今后发现或合成,可用于制作更佳钻井钻头;我国钻头企业需重组和发展状大;各种钻头技术创新应该加强。  相似文献   

Rock associations and their spatial-Temporal variations of the early mesozoic igneous rocks in the NE Asia: Constraints on the initial subduction timing of the paleo-pacific plate北大核心CSCD     

Tang J.Xu W.-L.Wang F. 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(6):1181-1194

This paper summarizes rook associations and spatial-Temporal variations of the early Mesozoic igneous rocks in the NE Asia, with the aim of revealing the initial subduction timing of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia, and the relationships between the early Mesozoic magmatisms and the Paleo-Asian tectonic system, Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic system, and amalgamation of the Yangtze and North China cratons. Dating results indicate that the early Mesozoic magmatisms in the NE Asia can be subdivided into three stages, i.e., Early-Middle Triassic, Late Triassic, and Early Jurassic. The early Mesozoic calc-Alkaline magmatisms within the Erguna Massif reveal southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic plate. The Triassic alkaline and bimodal magmatisms within the northern margin of the North China Craton indicate an extensional environment related to the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The Late Triassic A-Type rhyo- lites and bimodal magmatisms, together with the Late Triassic stable sedimentary rocks, in eastern Heilongjiang-Jilin provinces, reveal an extensional environment and passive continental margin setting, whereas the Early Jurassic calc-Alkaline magmatisms and its compositional variations, together with the coeval accretionary complex, reveal the onset of the Paleo- Pacific plate beneath the Euirasian continent.  相似文献   

Stability and capsizing analysis of nonlinear ship rolling in wind and stochastic beam seas     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

Considering the actual seaway condition, stability and capsizing of nonlinear ship rolling system in stochastic beam seas is of significant importance for voyage safety. Safe zone are defined in the phase space plan of the unperturbed Hamilton system to qualitatively distinguish ship motions as capsize and noncapsize. Capsize events are defined by solutions passing out of the safe zone. The probability of such an occurrence is studied by virtue of the random Melnikov function and the concept of phase space flux. In this paper, besides conventional wave excitation, the effect of wind load is also taken into account. The introduction of wind load will lead to asymmetry, in other words, it transforms the symmetric heteroclinic orbits into asymmetric homoclinic orbits. For asymmetric dynamical system, the orbital analytic solutions and its power spectrum are not readily available, and the technique of discrete time Fourier transformation (DTFT) is used. In the end, as verification of theoretical critical significant wave height, capsizing probability contour diagram is generated by means of numerical simulation. The contour diagram shows that these analytical methods provide reliable and predictive results about the likelihood of a vessel capsizing in a given seaway condition.  相似文献   

Simulation of groundwater level recovery in abandoned mines,Fengfeng coalfield,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

MA Luan  WANG Guang-cai  SHI Zhe-ming  GUO Yu-ying  XU Qing-yu  HUANG Xu-juan 《地下水科学与工程》2016,4(4):344-353

Abandoned mines are of high potential risk as they could be a large underground storage of pollutants(heavy metals and organic wastes, etc.). Various physical, chemical and biological reactions would take place when groundwater flows into underground spaces, which makes abandoned mine a huge potential hazard to groundwater environment. The recovery of groundwater level is one of the key elements controlling the reactions and causing such hazards. This paper simulated groundwater level recovery processes in the abandoned mines, Fengfeng coalfield by using the computer program FEFLOW. The paper integrated the pipe flow model, "three zones" model and groundwater inrush(discharge) model in the simulation of groundwater in the complex laneway-aquifer system. Groundwater flow in the laneway systems was considered pipe flow and described in Bernoulli equation. The water-bearing medium(coal seam roof) overlying the laneway systems was divided into "three zones" composed of the caving zone, fissure zone and bending zone based on the disruption degrees of previous mining. Groundwater in the Ordovician limestone aquifer(bottom of coal seam) flowing into laneway systems was considered a major inrush/recharge source, and its flow rate was calculated by an inrush(discharge) model which was newly developed in this study and incorporated into FEFLOW. The results showed that it would take approximately 95 days for groundwater in abandoned mines to recover to regional groundwater level elevation, and the total amount of water filling up would be about 1.41195×10~7 m~3, which is consistent with the actual data. The study could be of theoretical and practical significance to mitigate abandoned mines' hazards and improve mine groundwater utilization.  相似文献   

胶州湾表层海水碳酸盐体系的季节变化     

邓雪  胡玉斌  刘春颖  杨桂朋  陆小兰  张洪海 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):234-244

根据2007年8月(夏季),11月(秋季),2008年1月(冬季)和2010年4月(春季)在胶州湾海域测得的p H、溶解无机碳(DIC)、总碱度(Alk),以及通过以上参数计算得到的二氧化碳分压(p CO2)的数据,结合现场的化学、水文、生物等参数,探讨和分析了该海域的二氧化碳各参数的分布特征、季节变化和影响因素。结果表明:胶州湾p H、DIC、Alk和p CO2的年变化范围分别为:7.77—8.30,1949.2—2201.8μmol/kg,2033.9—2382.5μmol/kg和89.9—745.3μatm,均呈现明显的时空变化。温度是影响胶州湾碳酸盐体系的主要影响因素之一,同时陆地径流和降水会降低海水碳酸盐体系中各参数的含量,但是人类活动和生物活动也会在一定程度上增加DIC、Alk和p CO2的含量。  相似文献   

CMIP5地球系统模式溶解氧模拟结果分析     

鲍颖  李阳春 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(12):28-37

本文基于常用的统计方法,通过与WOA09观测的海洋溶解氧浓度数据进行比较,定量地评估了9个CMIP5地球系统模式在历史排放试验中海洋溶解氧气候态特征的模拟能力。在海表,由于地球系统模式均能很好地模拟海表温度（SST）,模式模拟的海表溶解氧浓度分布与观测一致,模拟结果无论是全球平均浓度偏差还是均方根误差均接近0,空间相关系数与标准偏差接近1。在海洋中层以及深层这些重要水团所在的区域,各模式的模拟能力则差异较大,尤其在溶解氧低值区（OMZs）所在的500m到1000m,各模式均出现全球平均偏差、均方根误差的极大值以及空间相关系数的极小值。在海洋内部,模式偏差的原因比较复杂。经向翻转环流和颗粒有机碳通量均对模式的偏差有贡献。分析结果表明物理场偏差对溶解氧偏差的贡献较大。一些重要水团,比如北大西洋深水,南极底层水以及北太平洋中层水在极大程度上影响了溶解氧在这些海区的分布。需要指出的是,虽然在海洋内部各模式模拟的溶解氧浓度偏差较大,但是多模式平均结果却能表现出与观测较好的一致性。  相似文献   

Implications of structural inheritance in oblique rift zones for basin compartmentalization: Nkhata Basin,Malawi Rift (EARS)     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The Cenozoic East African Rift System (EARS) is an exceptional example of active continental extension, providing opportunities for furthering our understanding of hydrocarbon plays within rifts. It is divided into structurally distinct western and eastern branches. The western branch comprises deep rift basins separated by transfer zones, commonly localised onto pre-existing structures, offering good regional scale hydrocarbon traps. At a basin-scale, local discrete inherited structures might also play an important role on fault localisation and hydrocarbon distribution. Here, we consider the evolution of the Central basin of the Malawi Rift, in particular the influence of pre-existing structural fabrics.Integrating basin-scale multichannel 2D, and high resolution seismic datasets we constrain the border, Mlowe-Nkhata, fault system (MNF) to the west of the basin and smaller Mbamba fault (MF) to the east and document their evolution. Intra basin structures define a series of horsts, which initiated as convergent transfers, along the basin axis. The horsts are offset along a NE–SW striking transfer fault parallel to and along strike of the onshore Karoo (Permo-Triassic) Ruhuhu graben. Discrete pre-existing structures probably determined its location and, oriented obliquely to the extension orientation it accommodated predominantly strike-slip deformation, with more slowly accrued dip-slip.To the north of this transfer fault, the overall basin architecture is asymmetric, thickening to the west throughout; while to the south, an initially symmetric graben architecture became increasingly asymmetric in sediment distribution as strain localised onto the western MNF. The presence of the axial horst increasingly focussed sediment supply to the west. As the transfer fault increased its displacement, so this axial supply was interrupted, effectively starving the south-east while ponding sediments between the western horst margin and the transfer fault. This asymmetric bathymetry and partitioned sedimentation continues to the present-day, overprinting the early basin symmetry and configuration. Sediments deposited earlier become increasingly dissected and fault juxtapositions changed at a small (10–100 m) scale. The observed influence of basin-scale transfer faults on sediment dispersal and fault compartmentalization due to pre-existing structures oblique to the extension orientation is relevant to analogous exploration settings.  相似文献   

基于船位监控系统的拖网捕捞努力量提取方法研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

张胜茂  张衡  唐峰华  樊伟  黄华文 《海洋科学》2016,40(3):146-153

为了基于船位监控系统提取拖网捕捞努力量,通过统计航速获得3个峰值,拖网作业在第2个峰值,即1~2.1 m/s,拖网作业航向差一般在–50°~50°。利用航速、航向差阈值设定,把拖网船状态划分为慢速、作业、航行,然后提取出捕捞作业状态点,1 423艘拖网船共提取到处于捕捞状态的点318 433个,合计拖网捕捞时间15 921 h,利用反距离加权插值法生成捕捞强度分布变化趋势图。捕捞努力量在渔业资源研究中是重要的参考值之一,与传统的捕捞努力量计算方法相比,该方法具有实时、大范围、快速、分辨率高的特点,能够用于辅助渔业资源保护。  相似文献