空间分析中几种插值方法的比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘光孟  汪云甲  张海荣  王栋 《地理信息世界》2011,9(3):41-45

针对常用的空间插值方法在精度分析方面比较的不足,从地质统计学、数学函数和几何方法方面分别选取普通克里金插值法、三次样条函数法和距离权重倒数法进行插值精度的比较与分析。文章分析了各个方法的优缺点和局限性,选取疏密差异较大的均匀和不均匀离散点数据进行实验,利用三次趋势面模型和MATLAB,ArcGIS,GS+Version...  相似文献   

近年来我国普通劳动者工资变化及其对农地利用的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

辛良杰  李秀彬  谈明洪  郝海广 《地理研究》2011,30(8):1391-1400

利用农村固定观察点数据、《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》、全国农业统计数据等,对近年来我国普通劳动者工资的变化特征及其对我国农地利用的影响进行了分析。结果表明：近年来我国普通劳动者工资的增长速度和幅度明显要快于农产品和农业生产资料价格的增长速度。我国东部发达地区的部分省份,其复种指数已经出现了明显的下降趋势,物质和服务投...  相似文献   

Rainfall network design using kriging and entropy   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yen‐Chang Chen  Chiang Wei  Hui‐Chung Yeh 《水文研究》2008,22(3):340-346

The spatial distribution of rainfall is related to meteorological and topographical factors. An understanding of the weather and topography is required to select the locations of the rain gauge stations in the catchment to obtain the optimum information. In theory, a well‐designed rainfall network can accurately represent and provide the needed information of rainfall in the catchment. However, the available rainfall data are rarely adequate in the mountainous area of Taiwan. In order to provide enough rainfall data to assure the success of water projects, the rainfall network based on the existing rain gauge stations has to be redesigned. A method composed of kriging and entropy that can determine the optimum number and spatial distribution of rain gauge stations in catchments is proposed. Kriging as an interpolator, which performs linear averaging to reconstruct the rainfall over the catchment on the basis of the observed rainfall, is used to compute the spatial variations of rainfall. Thus, the rainfall data at the locations of the candidate rain gauge stations can be reconstructed. The information entropy reveals the rainfall information of the each rain gauge station in the catchment. By calculating the joint entropy and the transmitted information, the candidate rain gauge stations are prioritized. In addition, the saturation of rainfall information can be used to add or remove the rain gauge stations. Thus, the optimum spatial distribution and the minimum number of rain gauge stations in the network can be determined. The catchment of the Shimen Reservoir in Taiwan is used to illustrate the method. The result shows that only seven rain gauge stations are needed to provide the necessary information. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

空间软数据及其插值方法研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

罗明  裴韬 《地理科学进展》2009,28(5):663-672

由于对地观测技术的迅速发展,空间数据的种类和数量增长迅猛,由空间数据反演得到的各种信息日趋膨胀,这些反演结果中的信息不少以软数据的形式出现。在实际应用中,这些软数据往往与空间插值的目标变量具有一定的相关性,甚至成为控制目标变量空间分布特征的重要因素。然而,由于这些数据通常表示为非数值形式,在计算和处理上存在着一定困难,以致被传统的插值方法所忽视,从而造成信息浪费。近来出现的空间软插值方法是一种利用空间软数据作为辅助信息并以改善插值效果的方法,能够较好的处理并利用软数据所隐含的信息,具有较好的应用发展前景。本文根据空间软数据的特点及其分类,系统综述了空间软插值方法及其应用领域。首先分析了空间数据软硬性质的根本区别,论述了软数据的分类和“硬化”方法,然后介绍空间插值模型中对空间软数据的集成方法和原理,最后对空间软插值方法及其应用研究领域进行了展望。  相似文献   

附有条件的参数平差模型的有偏估计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

归庆明  张建军 《测绘工程》2000,9(1):26-30

讨论附有条件的参数平差模型参数的有偏估计问题。提出了约束岭估计和约束主成分估计,并证明了它们的优良性质,最后给出了一个算例,验证了所得结果。  相似文献   

基于普通克里金外推的迭代维纳滤波法向下延拓     

朱文武  彭军还  罗三明  陈敏  申成锋  李永昆 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(7):704-707

在利用普通克里金方法外推的基础上，通过频域径向平均功率谱估算噪声方差，采用迭代维纳滤波法获取较为稳定的重力场向下延拓结果，并分别利用模拟算例和实际数据进行实验。对于模拟算例，外推后的均方根误差由6.72 μGal下降到1.89 μGal，相对误差由9.26%下降到4.44%。对于实际数据，外推后延拓结果不仅可避免边缘失真现象，而且能更好地反映浅源高频异常特征信息。  相似文献   

New distance measures: The route toward truly non-Gaussian geostatistics     

A. G. Journel 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(4):459-475

The projection or minimum error norm algorithm does not require that the distance measure be a variogram. In non-Gaussian cases, the traditional variogram distance measure leading to minimization of an error variance offers no definite advantage. Other distance measures, more outlierresistant than the variogram, are proposed which fulfill the condition of the projection theorem. The resulting minimum error norms provide the same data configurations ranking as traditionally obtained from kriging variances. A case study based on actual digital terrain data is presented.This paper was presented by title at MGUS 87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 14 April 1987.  相似文献   

An interpolation method taking into account inequality constraints: II. Practical approach     

Clement Kostov  Olivier Dubrule 《Mathematical Geology》1986,18(1):53-73

Common features of models for interpolation, consistent with a finite number of inequality constraints on the range of values of a variablez, are discussed. A method based on constrained quadratic minimization yielding kriging estimates when no constraints exist, is presented. A computationally efficient formulation of quadratic minimization is obtained by using results on duality in quadratic programming. Relevant properties of the optimal interpolator are derived in a simple, self-contained way. The method is applied to mapping of horizon depth and estimation of thickness of an oil-bearing formation.  相似文献   

Single/multiple input-single output transfer function with noise models for constituents of iron ores of Northern Goa, India     

P. S. Raiker  B. K. Sahu 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(7):755-767

Parametric time domain time series models for different chemical constituents such as SiO ₂,Fe ₂ O ₃,TiO ₂,MnO, and P ₂ O ₅ of iron ores belonging to banded hematite quartzites in Bicholim Mine (Goa) have been utilized for forecasting Fe ₂ O ₃ assay values through single/multiple input—single output (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) transfer function with noise methodology. Statistically significant correlated chemical constituent inputs (say, SiO ₂,TiO ₂,MnO, P ₂ O ₅ ) along lateral (horizontal strike direction) and vertical (perpendicular to bedding planes) sections in this mine are useful in modeling as well as forecasting assay values of blocks of ore to be exploited. Parameters of transfer function—noise models are estimated by utilizing time domain methodology, and the usefulness of these models for optimization of mining operations is discussed.  相似文献   

    

Douglas M. Hawkins  Noel Cressie 《Mathematical Geology》1984,16(1):3-18

Geological data frequently have a heavy-tailed normal-in-the-middle distribution, which gives rise to grade distributions that appear to be normal except for the occurrence of a few outliers. This same situation also applies to log-transformed data to which lognormal kriging is to be applied. For such data, linear kriging is nonrobust in that (1)kriged estimates tend to infinity as the outliers do, and (2)it is also not minimum mean squared error. The more general nonlinear method of disjunctive kriging is even more nonrobust, computationally more laborious, and in the end need not produce better practical answers. We propose a robust kriging method for such nearly normal data based on linear kriging of an editing of the data. It is little more laborious than conventional linear kriging and, used in conjunction with a robust estimator of the variogram, provides good protection against the effects of data outliers. The method is also applicable to time series analysis.  相似文献