Caractérisation hydrogéochimique de la nappe du Continental Intercalaire (sud tunisien) / Hydrogeochemical characterization of the Continental Intercalaire aquifer (southern Tunisia)     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):526-537

Abstract

The study of the Continental Intercalaire aquifer system of southern Tunisia, based on the interpretation of geochemical (major elements) and isotopic (¹⁸O, ²H, ¹³C and ¹⁴C) data, has aided the understanding of the hydrodynamics of this multi-layer aquifer system, which is greatly influenced by tectonics. The determination of the origin of groundwater salinization and the understanding of the hydrogeological and geochemical behaviour of this aquifer were achieved by studying the correlation between the major elements and total mineralization (TDS). By using isotopic tools, it was shown that the water of this aquifer has been recharged under cooler, palaeoclimatic conditions. The technique also made it possible to better understand the hydrodynamic functioning of the aquifer system: it showed that the relatively recent recharge of the aquifer has been by direct infiltration from carbonate and sandy outcrops of the Cretaceous and Miocene, respectively, located in the eastern and northeastern parts of the aquifer. The ¹⁸O content was used to calculate the altitude of recharge basins. The isotopic gradient defined in this study is ?0.5 δ¹⁸O ‰/100 m.  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘古近纪沙漠及其对季风起源的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

江新胜  崔晓庄  伍皓  熊国庆  卓皆文  陆俊泽  江卓斐 《沉积与特提斯地质》2012,(3):54-63

沙漠沉积是地质历史演化过程中的一种特殊沉积,是特殊气候条件下的产物,对研究全球气候变化、大气环流样式具有独特的作用。沙漠沉积在地质历史中普遍存在但极少保存,它的发现和研究对恢复地质历史具有重要意义。研究表明,现代东亚季风系统建立前,尤其是古近纪早、中期,青藏高原东缘仍然处于行星环流所控制的干旱带内,发育了大量代表干旱炎热气候的石膏与盐类沉积,但至今尚未找到沙漠存在的确切记录。近年来,笔者采用沉积学、古气候学、古地理学等手段,并结合前人研究资料,对青藏高原东缘沉积盆地的古近纪早、中期红色地层进行了综合研究。结果表明,青藏高原东缘存在一个厚度稳定的古近纪早、中期风成沙丘富集带。在此基础上,通过古地理、沉积模式及古气候替代指标等分析,论证了青藏高原东缘存在古近纪盆山型沙漠沉积体系的可能性。沉积相、古流向分析揭示,青藏高原东缘存在一个由干旱向潮湿、由行星风系向季风风系转换的界面,可能暗示了东亚季风建立事件的发生。本研究相关成果可为新生代中国干旱带演化与全球气候变化研究提供可贵的沉积学资料,也可为青藏高原隆升与东亚季风起源研究提供重要的大气环流证据。  相似文献   

西藏南部吉隆盆地晚中新世-早更新世介形类群落研究     

陈奋宁  陈锐明  郭岐明  张克信  周修高  徐亚东  江尚松 《地质学报》2013,87(6):872-886

本文在西藏南部吉隆盆地新生代沉积中获得丰富的介形类化石,根据介形类动物群在地层剖面上的分布规律,建立了8个介形类群落,自下而上为:Leucocytherella trinoda-Ilyocypris群落;Ilyocypris pentanada-Leucocytherella hyalina群落;Candoniella zadaensis-Leucocytherella群落;Eucypris subgyrongensis-Candoniella zadaensis群落;Leucocytherella-Cadoniella zadaensis群落;Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella hyalina群落;Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella glabra群落和Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella trinoda群落。通过对介形类群落进行详细的特征分析,并结合磁性地层年代学数据,将吉隆盆地7.2～1.67Ma的古气候划分为5个期次:①7.2～6.7Ma为暖湿期;②6.7～5.8Ma为凉湿期;③5.8～3.6Ma为暖湿期;④3.6～2.6Ma为凉湿期;⑤2.6～1.67Ma为冷干期。将研究区的7.2Ma以来的气候演化特征与全球气候演变对比认为:吉隆盆地7.2～5.8Ma间的气候以暖湿为主,可能与来自印度的东南季风加强有关;5.8～3.6Ma间吉隆盆地古气候分析显示为相对暖湿期,可能与来自印度洋的东南季风再次加强有关;3.6Ma后,由于是受全球气候变冷、冬季风加强及青藏高原强烈隆升的影响,吉隆盆地气候向更寒冷干旱的环境转变。  相似文献   

Phanerozoic general circulation model results and quantitative climate data for Australia     

L. A. Frakes  E. J. Barron 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):643-655

Quantitative data bearing on Phanerozoic climates of Australia are summarised and comparisons are made with the predictions of atmospheric general circulation models over 12 time slices from the Silurian to the Miocene. Summaries of the model derived mean temperature and precipitation conditions are given individually for each of four regions (southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest). Model results provide the means of estimating climate conditions in many cases, but there is fair agreement between the two approaches in most cases in which data are available. On model results, the southeast experienced winter freezing conditions from the Permian through until the middle Cretaceous and was consistently the coolest of the four regions, in part because of its proximity to the pole, but also because it was the site of elevated terrain throughout most of the Phanerozoic. It also tended to be among the wettest parts of Australia over this time and was subject to frequent winter storms. The northeast, in contrast, was often the warmest part of the continent, although strong seasonality and freezing winter temperatures were common during the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic. Strong seasonality (>30°C contrast between winter and summer) also apparently characterised most of the record for the southwest region, except for the Tertiary, part of the Jurassic, and the Early Palaeozoic. Together with the southeast, this region experienced the most intense effects of winter, especially in the Triassic. Strong seasonality also affected the northwest region through much of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic and, interestingly, the highest summer temperatures on the continent are predicted for the southwest for most of the time slices studied. The models used today are imperfect but, nonetheless, offer a means of prediction and will perhaps stimulate the gathering of quantitative data in a continent where information is hard to come by and for which not much has yet been presented.  相似文献   

A highstand oolitic sequence and associated facies from a Late Triassic lake basin, south-west England     

Paul G. Milroy  & V. Paul Wright 《Sedimentology》2000,47(1):187-209

High energy, lake‐shoreline carbonate sequences are rarely documented in the geological record. However, one example occurs in the Upper Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group (MMG) of southern Britain. The MMG is one of a number of thick, non‐fossiliferous mudstone deposits associated with North Atlantic Mesozoic rift basins. The origin of the MMG mudstones is the subject of current debate, with marine, playa‐lacustrine and alluvial–aeolian models having been proposed. Shoreline features have been documented from the northern margin of the basin, but the rarity of such features elsewhere in the MMG has led many workers to doubt a lacustrine origin for the mudstones. Wave‐dominated, lake‐shoreline deposits have been recognized in several sections from the southern basin margin in the Clevedon area of the Bristol Channel in south‐west England. These deposits provide evidence for the development of a sizeable perennial to semi‐perennial hypersaline lake in which the MMG mudstones accumulated. Shoreline sediments overlie alluvial stream and sheet‐flood deposits, and pass from transgressive gravel–conglomerate beach units with bioclasts, influenced by shore‐normal waves (deposited under semi‐humid conditions), to lower gradient, highstand oolitic sands affected by more varied wave approach (deposited under progressively more arid conditions), which culminated in lowstand, oolitic strand‐plain deposits overlain by a playa‐mudflat unit. Shoreline deposits record a simple shallowing‐upward transgressive–highstand–lowstand sequence. However, a change from a reflective (transgressive) to dissipative (highstand) shoreline is believed to represent a climatically induced change in prevailing wind direction. Shoreline features recognized in the MMG are similar to those of recent playa‐lacustrine basins of the western United States. Ooids display a variety of size, fracture and dissolution features in addition to beachrock fabrics, suggesting that they were originally composed of radial aragonite, similar to modern ooids from the Great Salt Lake, Utah.  相似文献   

湖北清江和尚洞石笋的高分辨率碳氧同位素及古气候研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

黄俊华  胡超涌 《地球科学》2000,25(5):505-509

通过对湖北清江和尚洞HS - 2号石笋的沉积特征及碳、氧同位素特征分析, 利用U系法定年, 获取了湖北地区19.0~6.9ka的古气候、古环境信息(平均分辨率为17a, 局部分辨率达到7a).得出如下结论: (1) 19.0~16.6ka, C, O同位素偏轻, 气候冷湿; (2) 16.6~11.1ka, C, O同位素偏重, 气候干热; (3) 11.1~10.3ka干热时期中的突然回冷事件对应于新仙女木事件; (4) 10.3~6.9ka气候温和, 雨量较丰, 后期逐渐变冷.反映了历史时期湿冷、干热、温暖交替变化的气候趋势, 得出了千年级和百年级的一些气候变化趋势   相似文献   

泌阳断陷下第三系核三上段高频层序中米兰柯维奇天文旋回信息   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

胡受权  郭文平  邵荣松 《矿物岩石》2000,20(3):29-34

古气候是影响陆相层序发育的一个重要因素,其周期性变化是源于天文旋回的驱动力（即米兰柯维奇假说）。米兰柯维奇天文旋回包括偏心率旋回、倾斜率旋回和岁差旋回,这几个轨道参数所驱动的古气候变迁,分别形成了周期为１０万年（或４０万年）、４万年及２万年的高频层序,即小层序组、小层序及小层单元,研究结果表明,泌阳断陷湖盆的高频层序是由地球轨道旋回所驱动的古气候周期性变迁所形成的。  相似文献   

澳大利亚的第三纪及第三纪一第四纪过渡期          下载免费PDF全文

J．R．Dodson  A．Ramrath  李玉梅 《第四纪研究》2000,20(5):397-408

第三纪的板块运动驱动着澳大利亚的气候和植被进行演化。广布的湿润森林区是澳 大利亚早第三纪的特征。一直到始新世,生物多样性都在不断地提高。毫无疑问,这是澳大利亚由高南纬区向北部中纬区运移的结果。从始新世到上新世,澳大利亚的气候总体上要比现在湿润,但降水量季节性变化的增强推动了中新世以后硬叶植物和旱生植物的发展。上新世晚期似乎与第四纪一样,都出现过周期性干旱。这种干旱与冰期条件有关,至少由南澳大利亚晚第四纪的记录可以认识到这一点,澳大利亚的这段历史与东亚的气候变迁是同步发生的。在东亚,印-澳板块的运动致使青藏高原抬升,从而引发了区内乃至全球气候的巨变。穿越赤道区的季风和信风的环流格局致使晚第三纪和第四纪中国与澳大利亚的气候系统的相关性更强。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系层序地层学研究   总被引：18，自引：5，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

张满郎  张琴  朱筱敏  李新兵  王俊怀 《古地理学报》2000,2(3):27-36

通过地震、钻测井及生物地层资料的综合研究,认为准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系发育6套层序、两个构造层序。层序及沉积相空间分布的差异反映八道湾期至西山窑期以北部物源为主,下部构造层序揭示了北部抬升、南部均衡沉降的构造格局,头屯河期至喀拉扎期以南部物源为主,上部构造层序反映南部抬升、湖盆急剧收缩的构造格局。研究区主要发育冲积扇－辫状河三角洲－湖泊沉积体系,其次为曲流河－三角洲－湖泊沉积体系。早中侏罗世,本区以暖温带潮湿气候为主,但在三工河早期及头屯河中期有两次气候变干变热过程,晚侏罗世为亚热带干旱、半干旱气候,晚期的干旱气候还是导致湖盆急剧萎缩的重要因素。  相似文献   

基于时态GIS的古气候动力模拟动态演化的分析与实现   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赖格英  于革 《地球信息科学学报》2004,6(2):12-16

对古气候研究环节中的动态演化问题进行研究和分析,提出了一种时空索引模型,以解决动态演化过程中的时间和空间的对应关系问题,利用时空索引对象来解决空间对象及其属性描述信息,在时间t的信息查询、显示和叠加。为古气候研究、再现和重建古气候以及模拟古气候环境下的大气环流基本场(包括温度场、降水场、气压场和位势高度场),在两维空间格局上,进行时间维的动态演化分析,提供了一个实用工具,在全球变化和区域响应等可视化方面具有较为广泛的应用前景。  相似文献