South Africa's coastal-breeding white-breasted cormorants: population trends,breeding season and movements,and diet     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):473-490

White-breasted cormorants Phalacrocorax [carbo] lucidus breed around South Africa's coast and at inland localities. Along the coasts of the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces, numbers breeding were similar during the periods 1977–1981 (1 116 pairs at 41 localities) and 2008–2012 (1 280 pairs at 41 localities). Along the coast of KwaZulu-Natal (not counted in 1977–1981), 197 pairs bred at nine localities in 2008–2012, when the overall number breeding around South Africa's coastline was about 1 477 pairs. Between the two study periods, numbers decreased in the Northern and Western Cape provinces following the loss of several breeding localities, but they increased in the Eastern Cape. In the Western Cape, however, numbers were stable east of Cape Agulhas and at nine well-monitored West Coast localities that were surveyed from 1978 to 2012. White-breasted cormorants breed throughout the year, with breeding at some localities more seasonal than at others and the timing of peaks in breeding varying at and between localities. In the vicinity of Saldanha Bay/Langebaan Lagoon (Western Cape), in Algoa Bay (Eastern Cape) and in northern KwaZulu-Natal, it is likely that birds moved between breeding localities in different years, although breeding often occurred at the same locality over several years. Human disturbance, presence of predators, competition for breeding space and occurrence of breeding by other waterbirds may influence movements between colonies. Securing sufficient good habitat at which white-breasted cormorants may breed will be important for conservation of the species. The species may breed at an age of 4 years, possibly younger. The bulk of their diet around South Africa's coast consists of inshore marine and estuarine fish species that are not intensively exploited by humans.  相似文献   

Trends in numbers of crowned cormorants in South Africa,with information on diet     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):411-424

During 2008–2012, the number of crowned cormorants Phalacrocorax coronatus breeding in South Africa was c. 1 900 pairs, compared to 1 700 pairs for 1977–1981. Numbers at 10 islands in the Western Cape province fluctuated around a level of 1 100 pairs from 1991/1992 to 2011/2012, 300 more than from 1978/1979 to 1990/1991. These increases are attributable to the discovery of more colonies and an increased frequency of counting at the 10 islands after 1990/1991. The overall number of crowned cormorants breeding in South Africa is thought stable in the long term. Crowned cormorants feed mainly on small, inshore fish species that are not harvested by humans. Clinidae dominated the diet at 10 colonies adjoining the open sea, whereas Gobiidae contributed most food of birds at three colonies in a lagoon. The stability of the crowned cormorant population contrasts with decreases of some other seabirds endemic to southern Africa that feed primarily on prey that is exploited by fisheries. The crowned cormorant population decreased in the Northern Cape and small numbers initiated breeding at colonies to the east of Cape Agulhas at the turn of the century, but most of the population continues to breed to the west of Cape Agulhas. In some instances the availability of suitable breeding habitat may limit numbers breeding.  相似文献   

电子显示屏气象信息发布技术     

姚日升  丁烨毅  王焱 《气象科技》2012,40(6):922-927

根据气象信息发布实际业务需求,制定信息发布级别和发布内容,针对不同的终端预先制作好发布模版,模版内容由发布级别和终端共同决定;模版制作中区分不同的页面类型,使用公共页面实现模版制作、管理和维护的方便性;对科普宣传类的公共页面做到智能化处理;模版中的文字、图片充分利用SQL语句的各种功能从气象业务数据库中提取并尽可能自动完成,对需要实时更新和相对固定的信息区别对待,最大限度地减小通信量,提高效率的同时提升稳定性.该文通过产品实例图片展示系统实际播发效果.  相似文献   

两种钻孔灌注桩可拆卸吊筋的制作与使用          下载免费PDF全文

蔡文盛 《探矿工程》2009,36(4):59-62

介绍两种可拆卸回收使用的吊筋,经过现场使用,效果良好。既节省材料,降低成本,又能减少基坑开挖砍桩头工作量,而且钢筋笼安装定位准确,还能减少砍桩头对桩身的破坏。  相似文献   

微型高频双层振动筛在绿色勘查钻探中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

易亚东 《探矿工程》2019,46(3):47-50

绿色勘查钻探施工广泛采用便携式全液压钻机,受便携钻机泥浆工艺、占地面积的影响,没有配套的泥浆净化设备,施工中存在浪费水资源、废弃泥浆没有环保处理的问题。综合分析各种泥浆净化方法,提出使用微型高频双层圆形振动筛净化泥浆的方案,效果较好,经济实用,符合绿色勘查要求。  相似文献   

再论岩土工程有限元方法的应用问题     

李宁  杨敏  李国锋 《岩土力学》2019,40(3):1140-1148

岩土工程数值分析方法对于研究复杂的岩土介质与多变的施工措施是一种得力的方法,比传统的解析方法、室内试验方法、模拟试验方法、现场试验方法等具有无可替代的优越性。按岩土工程数值方法的历史发展、作用及发展方向,将其分为4个层次：作为一种高级计算器,直接为某个具体岩土工程的设计服务,对该岩土工程在各种极端设计工况下进行安全性、稳定性的计算分析;作为一种强大的、无与伦比的模拟分析器,对复杂工况条件下复杂岩土工程的各种不利因素的相互作用、相互影响、耦合效应等进行模拟分析;作为一种无成本、可重复的多功能试验机,探索具体岩土工程的稳定机制或某工程措施的加固机制;作为岩土工程数值方法的终极目标,对数值分析方法进行二次开发——研发智能化、快速化、简便化的新型数值分析工具。对这4个层次进行了讨论,并对每个层次进行举例说明。  相似文献   

黑山煤田绳索取心钻进用泥浆的配制与维护管理     

郭宏伟  关阔  高兴文  赵艳利 《吉林地质》2019,38(3):99-100,113

长期以来,绳钻工艺因与煤系地层不太适应,国内的一些煤田勘探,仍以提钻取心钻探工艺为主,由于提钻取心的岩心采取率低,一定程度上影响了煤田钻探的施工质量。在国内金属矿区已普遍采用成功应用的绳索取心钻进工艺,能否应用到煤田勘探中,我们于2012年在黑山煤田进行了有益的尝试,经过施工7个钻孔的实践,取得了煤田绳钻施工中,在冲洗液配制的重要环节,如何选好、用好泥浆的初步经验。  相似文献   

油气地质调查井钻井技术问题与对策          下载免费PDF全文

张德龙  翁炜  黄玉文  朱文鉴  郭强 《探矿工程》2017,44(12):21-25

油气资源调查是中国十三五规划的重要内容之一,2016年中国实施油气地质调查井54口,2017年部署36口,大多采用机械岩心钻探工艺。本文基于油气地质调查井和机械岩心钻探工艺特点,从地层特点、井控、固井、录井、测井、井下复杂情况等方面对油气地质调查井钻井所面临的技术难点进行了总结和分析,并有针对性的提出了解决方案。本文研究成果可为相关管理和作业人员提供技术参考,为油气地质调查井钻井技术攻关和发展提供借鉴。  相似文献   

砗蚝(Hippopus hippopus)的人工繁育   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张跃环  肖述  李军  马海涛  张扬  向志明  喻子牛 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(5):1030-1035

于2016年4—9月开展了砗蚝(Hippopus hippopus)人工繁育技术研究。采用五羟色胺进行催产、促使配子排放;精卵分别收集,进行异体间受精以避免自交;受精卵经过30h孵化,选出600万D形幼虫进行培育。砗蚝的早期生活史与砗磲(Tridacna spp.)相似,经历前期面盘幼虫、中期面盘幼虫、后期面盘幼虫、足面盘幼虫、单水管稚贝、双水管稚贝、外套膜触手稚贝、幼贝等阶段。与砗磲不同的是,砗蚝怀卵量较少,但卵径较大,D型幼虫也较大,幼虫趋光性更强,壳长2.0mm以后外套膜不伸出壳缘外,幼贝贝壳形态也不同于砗磲。同砗磲幼虫一样,砗蚝幼虫需要构建虫黄藻系统之后,才能出现鳃、次生壳等,从而完成变态成为稚贝。砗蚝幼虫变态率较低,仅为1.4%。中间育成期间,丝状藻和锥形螺是稚贝培育的主要敌害,需及时清理才能确保稚幼贝正常生长发育。经过120d的精心饲育,培养出平均壳长6.3mm幼贝500余个。本研究为进一步开展砗蚝人工繁育、中间育成、增殖放流、资源修复及移植保育提供了参考。  相似文献   

北方用维尼纶苗帘培育海带夏苗的实验研究     

潘金华  张壮志  孙娟  李晓捷  曲善村  盛宝利  杨官品 《海洋科学》2017,41(8):9-15

根据南方和北方海带夏苗培育采用苗帘苗绳差异,在山东烟台国家级海带良种场海带育苗基地进行两种夏苗培育工艺的实验研究。在同一个育苗车间内,利用种海带采集游孢子并附苗,跟踪观测维尼纶苗帘和棕绳苗帘对海带育苗期间配子体发育、孢子体(幼苗)生长的影响,并比较两种不同苗帘育苗成本差异。结果显示:相同育苗条件下,维尼纶苗帘采苗后,配子体发育速度、孢子体形成速度显著优于棕绳苗帘上的配子体和孢子体;转化孢子体后,在育苗第15~31天时间内,维尼纶苗帘海带幼苗相对生长速率(RGR)显著大于棕绳苗帘幼苗(P0.05);维尼纶苗帘幼苗经55天培育,幼苗平均长度长至1.53 cm±0.13 cm,达到出库下海暂养规格,此时棕绳帘幼苗平均长度约0.47 cm±0.03cm。至70天,棕绳苗帘幼苗平均长度约1.78 cm±0.19 cm,维尼纶绳苗帘幼苗平均长度达7.87 cm±1.35cm,显著大于棕绳苗帘幼苗。采用维尼纶苗帘育苗,每1m3育苗水体育苗量约为60万株,综合育苗成本约为23元/万株,采用棕绳苗帘育苗,每1m~3育苗水体育苗量约40万株,综合育苗成本约为31元/万株。综上所述,北方采用维尼纶帘进行海带育苗在生产上具有可行性,并且可降低生产成本约25.8%。  相似文献