Amino acid diagenesis in the marine bivalve Arctica islandica Linné from northwest European sites: Only time and temperature?     

Hans Petter Sejrup  John-Erik Haugen 《第四纪科学杂志》1994,9(4):301-309

Collections of the molluscan species Arctica islandica from seven sites in Norway, Scotland and the North Sea, ranging in age from recent to Early Pleistocene, have been sampled for amino acid analyses. The shells were sampled in profiles through the valves at different distances from the umbo. In the fossil material a general trend of increasing degree of isoleucine (lle) epimerisation and decreasing amino acid concentrations were found going from the inner part of the valve to the outer. Although less pronounced, there is a similar trend from the central part of the valve to the margin. As the concentration of alloisoleucine (alle) remains nearly constant, the observed changes in alle/lle ratios are a result of variations in the amount of isoleucine. The amino acid composition is fairly uniform in recent shells and the observed gradients are established in mid-Holocene samples. Therefore, it is suggested that the gradients are established during rapid early degradation of the protein, possibly due to microbiological activity. Differences in alle/lle ratios observed in molluscs from sites of the same age and same thermal history could be explained by differences in the exposure to amino-acid-consuming microorganisms during the very early stage of diagenesis.  相似文献   

Behaviour of iron,manganese, phosphate and humic acid during mixing in a Delaware salt marsh creek     

Kurt W. Eastman  Thomas M. Church 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,18(4):447-458

The mixing behaviour of iron, manganese, phosphate and humic acid in a Delaware salt marsh creek was studied using field data, laboratory mixing experiments, and geochemical mass balance equations. Property-salinity diagrams for field data indicated that the removal of iron is 56–70% in the 0–10‰ salinity range. A proposed mechanism of removal is the flocculation of colloidal iron, perhaps with humic acid. Phosphate, however, undergoes 195% addition in the same low salinity region, which may be due to release of phosphate from resuspended sediments. Dissolved manganese is conserved, as is humic acid throughout the salt marsh mixing zone. Within the uncertainty of the data the maximum possible removal of humic acid is 23%.Laboratory mixing experiments that simulated salt marsh mixing along the same salinity gradient as observed in the field (5–25‰) showed only small-scale additions and removals compared to the field results. Such small-scale changes occurred largely at salinities >10‰ in the laboratory experiments, whereas most removals and additions occurred at salinities <10‰ in the field. Mixing studies also showed little difference between prefiltered and unfiltered mixes. The studies suggest that simple mixing of salt marsh waters, with or without suspended material, does not strongly influence the observed behaviour of dissolved constituents in salt marshes, and that other processes (e.g. sediment or intertidal exchange) must dominate their behaviour.  相似文献   

The amino acid composition of estuarine colloidal material     

A.C. Sigleo  P.E. Hare  G.R. Helz 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(1):87-96

Amino acids were determined in estuarine colloidal and particulate material from near surface waters ranging from fresh to brackish water (12 g kg^?1 salinity). The hydrolizable amino acids and associated ammonia account for an average of 80% of the nitrogen present in colloidal samples, and approximately 75% of the nitrogen from particulate fractions of the same samples. The relative proportions of these amino acids are similar to those of a cultured estuarine diatom. There are no significant amounts of D amino acids, or non-protein amino acids characteristic of bacteria in sediments and soil. A single deep-water sample (25 m) shows some evidence of bottom mud resuspension by the presence of a possible aspartic acid-hydroxyproline dimer.  相似文献   

Arsenic Speciation in Lichens and in Coarse and Fine Airborne Particulate Matter by HPLC–UV–HG–AFS     

M. M. Farinha  Z. Šlejkovec  J. T. van Elteren  H. Th. Wolterbeek  M. C. Freitas 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,49(1-3):343-353

A three-step sequential extraction procedure with Milli-Q, CaCl₂ and H₃PO₄ was applied for extraction of arsenic species in lichen transplants and airborne particulate matter (fine and coarse fractions). The samples used in this work were collected in 1994–1995 near coal-fired power plants. Both transplant lichens and airborne particulate matter were submitted to the same environment simultaneously. Arsenic species identification and quantification was performed by HPLC–UV–HG–AFS. Inorganic forms of arsenic (arsenite and arsenate) were present in significant amounts in most of the samples. Only in lichens also organic forms of arsenic (monomethyl arsonic acid and dimethyl arsinic acid) were identified which may indicate biotransformation of inorganic arsenic.  相似文献   

Properties of humic acids as biomarkers of lake catchment management   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joanna?CieslewiczEmail author  Slawomir?S.?Gonet 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2004,66(2):178-184

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Analysis of mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter in a sandstorm course and its affecting factors in the Taklimakan Desert     

XinChun Liu  YuTing Zhong  Qing He  XingHua Yang  Ali Mamtimin  Wen Huo 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(3):0259-0264

During the course of a major sandstorm from April 17 to April 23, 2008 in the Taklimakan Desert, data pertaining to the mass concentrations of different-sized atmospheric particulate matter were observed continuously with Grimm 1.108, Thermo RP 1400a, TSP, and CAWS-600 instruments. The results showed that: (1) during the entire sandstorm process there were some differences between the daily mean particle concentration peaks and the hourly mean particle concentration peaks because the actual sandstorm lasted for only about 4 hr, whereas more particles were accumulated in the floating dust days before and after the actual sandstorm; (2) the intensity of the sandstorm was enhanced with the increase of wind speed, and this was related to the peak mass concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter; the wind speed directly affected the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter: the higher the wind speed, the higher the mass concentration (>0.23 μm was 39,496.5 μg/m³, and >20.0 μm was 5,390.7 μg/m³); (3) the concentration changes of PM₁₀ and TSP were also related to the course and intensity of the sandstorm; and (4) the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter had the following sequence during the dust weather: clear day < floating dust < floating and blowing dust < sandstorm. Temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure are important factors affecting the strength of storms, which could also indirectly affect the concentration change of atmospheric particulate matter.  相似文献   

河水中悬浮颗粒物对重金属的吸附行为     

夏义雄  陈华林 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2012,7(4):82-86

本研究以瓯江河水为对象,研究河水中悬浮颗粒物对重金属（Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb）离子的吸附行为．分别进行了Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb在悬浮颗粒物的吸附速率,解吸速率以及溶解性有机质（DOM）对吸附解吸行为的影响实验．结果表明：河水中悬浮颗粒物对Cu、Zn、Cd、Ph的吸附和解吸速率较快,吸附平衡时间为8h,解吸平衡时间为4h...  相似文献   

北京市采暖期可吸入颗粒物时空分布特征及源追踪   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵文慧  赵文吉  宫辉力  宫兆宁 《地理研究》2012,31(3):417-428

可吸入颗粒物是北京市大气主要污染物之一,春秋两季的沙尘天气除部分是由于受到区域气流的影响外,多数情况下是原地污染造成,尤其是冬季采暖期。本文通过遥感技术和地面监测结合的方法,研究采暖期北京市近地面不同粒径可吸入颗粒物时空分布规律及其与影响因素间的相互关系。应用高分辨率遥感影像分析下垫面的变化,应用地面观测仪器收集不同粒径颗粒物的含量,并分析颗粒物的化学组成;应用地理信息系统的空间分析技术,研究颗粒物的分布与下垫面的关系。研究表明,可吸入颗粒物污染分布和下垫面介质、人为污染源、人口密度、气象因素有非常密切的关系。  相似文献   

Size Distributions and Elemental Compositions of Particulate Matter on Clear, Hazy and Foggy days in Beijing, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

YANG Yongjie  WANG Yuesi  HUANG Weiwei  HU Bo  WEN Tianxue  ZHAO Yanan 《大气科学进展》2010,27(3):663-675

Total suspended particulates(TSP)samples were collected using low pressure impactors(Andersen Series 20-800,USA)on typical clear,hazy and foggy days in Beijing in order to investigate the characteristics of size distributions and elemental compositions of particulate matter(PM)in different weather conditions. The concentrations of sixteen elements,including Na,Mg,Al,K,Ca,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Cd,Ba,Tl and Pb were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The results showed that Ca,Al,Fe,Mg and Ba on foggy days were 2.0-2.6 times higher than on clear days,and 2.3-2.9 times higher than on hazy days.Concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Se and Pb on foggy days were 163.5,1186.7,65.9,32.0 and 708.2 ng m-3,respectively,in fine particles,and 68.1,289.5,19.8,1.6 and 103.8 ng m-3,respectively,in coarse particles.This was 1.0-8.4 times higher and 1.4-7.4 times higher than on clear and hazy days,respectively.It is then shown that Mg,Al,Fe,Ca and Ba were mainly associated with coarse particles,peaking at 4.7-5.8μm;that Cd,Se,Zn,As,Tl and Pb were most dominant in fine particles,peaking at 0.43-1.1μm;and that Na,K,Ni,Cu and Mn had a multi-mode distribution,with peaks at 0.43-1.1μm and 4.7-5.8μm.The enrichment factors indicated that coal combustion along with vehicle and industry emissions may be the main sources of pollution elements.  相似文献   

Composition and major sources of organic compounds in urban aerosols     

Xinhui Bi  Bernd R.T. Simoneit  Guoying Sheng  Shexia Ma  Jiamo Fu   《Atmospheric Research》2008,88(3-4):256-265

Total suspended particles (TSP), collected during June 2002 to July 2003 in Guangzhou, a typical economically developed city in South China, were analyzed for the organic compound compositions using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Over 140 organic compounds were detected in the aerosols and grouped into different classes including n-alkanes, hopanoids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanols, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids excluding oxalic acid, polyols/polyacids, lignin products, phytosterols, phthalates and water-soluble sugars. The total amounts of the identified organic compounds including unresolved complex mixture (UCM) ranged from 3112 ng/m³ in spring to 5116 ng/m³ in winter, comprising on seasonal average 2.8% of TSP. Primary organic compounds peaked in winter although there are no heating systems burning fuels in Guangzhou. The highest saccharide levels occurred in fall due to agricultural activities. This study demonstrated that utilization of fossil fuels, biomass burning, soil resuspension and plastic/refuse burning are the major contributors to the identified organic compounds in the urban atmosphere of South China.  相似文献