Fluvial response to an historic lowstand of the Great Salt Lake,Utah     

Krysia Skorko  Paul W. Jewell  Kathleen Nicoll 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(2):143-156

Understanding fluvial adjustments to base level changes benefits the fields of sequence stratigraphy, geomorphology and petroleum geology. This investigation is a modern case study of the channel dynamics of Lee Creek and the Goggin Drain, two streams that are part of the Jordan River drainage into the endorheic Great Salt Lake of northern Utah, a lacustrine system that has experienced multiple, decadal‐scale base level changes. Since 1965, the lake level has fluctuated in elevation more than 6 m, transitioning from an historic lowstand [< 1279 m above sea level (a.s.l.)] to an historic highstand (>1284 m a.s.l.), and in 2009–2010 approaching an historic lowstand. This study uses detailed aerial images, fieldwork and LiDAR data to link the modern geomorphology and channel hydraulics to specific variations in sediment transport, channel form, and avulsion behavior. Although Lee Creek and the Goggin Drain are situated only a few kilometers apart and share similar shore zone gradients, substrates and vegetation patterns, and have been subjected to the same changes in lake level, their channel forms have evolved very differently. Differences in discharge patterns are likely the most influential factor causing the meandering form of Lee Creek and the braiding channel of the Goggin Drain. Despite the differences in discharge, total sediment eroded from the two streams is comparable and can be attributed to similar stream power/unit stream width in the two streams. Although Lee Creek has not recently been avulsive, three major avulsions of the Goggin Drain have taken place since 1965. Two possible styles of avulsion are interpreted: an allogenic response to changing base level, and an autogenic response dictated by channel morphology and hydraulics. Despite a wealth of available information, avulsions cannot be unequivocally attributed to one style or another. Caution should be used when attempting to link the complex process of avulsion to causal mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydraulic geometry, river sediment and the definition of bedrock channels     

Jens M. Turowski  Niels Hovius  Andrew Wilson  Ming-Jame Horng 《Geomorphology》2008,99(1-4):26-38

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Factors controlling the entrance cross‐sectional areas of four inlets (note)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. A. Heath 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):725-735

The frequent occurrence of swell in the entrance to Wellington, Lyttelton, and Akaroa Harbours, coupled with the small littoral drift of sediment on adjacent rocky coastlines, appears to promote development of larger entrances than those associated with tidal control in unconsolidated sediment. In contrast to these three harbours, tidally controlled entrances have either bars or banks that protect them from severe swell and act as bypasses to the littoral drift of sediment.

The entrance to Paterson Inlet lies on a coast with little sediment transport and further protection from sediment influx is provided by islands located at its entrance.  相似文献   

Changes in the epipelic diatom assemblage in nutrient rich streams due to the variations of simultaneous stressors     

《Limnologica》2015

Benthic diatoms are often used for assessing environmental conditions, such as water quality and habitat conditions in stream and river systems. Although laboratory experiments have shown that each diatom species have different levels of tolerance to different stressors, few studies have been conducted in laboratory settings that analyze the responses of the diatom assemblage to the effects of multiple simultaneous variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate some structural responses (such as species composition and diversity) of the diatom assemblage on a short time scale to the effects of the simultaneous increase in four variables that are directly linked to the environmental changes affecting the Pampean streams: turbidity, nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen), water velocity and temperature. To this end we conducted a five-week laboratory experiment using artificial channels where we simulated two environmental conditions (LOW and HIGH) employing epipelic biofilm from a mesotrophic stream. The results obtained in the experiment show that the structure of the diatom assemblage in the epipelic biofilm is affected by the simultaneous modification of temperature, water velocity, nutrient concentration and turbidity. These modifications in the assemblage included moderate decreases in diversity, small decreases in the proportion of species sensitive to eutrophication and saprobity, moderate increases in the IDP (Pampean Diatom Index) values and moderate changes in the percentages of the stalked growth-forms. The relative abundance of species such as Luticola mutica, Navicula cryptocephala and Navicula lanceolata were negatively affected by both treatments; other species such as Planothidium lanceolatum, Caloneis bacillum, Encyonema minutum, Humidophila contenta, Luticola kotschyi, Nitzschia amphibia, Navicula veneta, Pinnularia subcapitata var. subcapitata were positively affected by the HIGH treatment; and Nitzschia fonticola was positively affected by both treatments. The results suggest that, in the very short term of the bioassay conducted, the diatom assemblage can modify its structure to respond in a sensitive manner to the abrupt changes in multiple physical–chemical variables.  相似文献   

宁波-舟山港口航道3种致病性细菌毒力特征与耐药性     

管峰  高威  陈吉刚  毛芝娟  杨季芳 《海洋学研究》2015,33(4):77-82

本文调查分析了宁波-舟山港口航道副溶血弧菌 Vibrio parahemolyticus、溶藻弧菌Vibrio alginolyticus和嗜水气单胞菌 Aeromonas hydrophila的毒力特征和耐药性特点。用PCR方法检测分离菌株的毒力基因分布模式发现,副溶血弧菌毒力基因型以gyrB⁺,toxR⁺,tlh⁺和 tdh⁺为代表,溶藻弧菌毒力基因型以aspA⁺,tlh⁺,collagenase⁺和toxS⁺为代表,嗜水气单胞菌毒力基因型以aerA⁺,alt⁺,aha1⁺和hlyA⁺为代表;副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌和嗜水气单胞菌代表菌株相应基因的检出率分别为57.1%、40.0%和50.0%。用24种常见抗生素对3种细菌的分离代表菌株进行药敏调查,耐药率分别为4.17%、8.33%和29.17%。实验结果表明宁波-舟山港口航道3种致病性细菌具备较丰富的毒力基因种类和耐药性,需要有针对性地制定预防措施。此外,鉴于毒力基因型与致病性之间的相关性,毒力基因可作为标记基因,用于致病性细菌的检测。  相似文献   

Anastamosing channels in the lower Neches River valley,Texas          下载免费PDF全文

Jonathan D. Phillips 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(14):1888-1899

Active and semi‐active anastomosing Holocene channels upstream of the delta in the lower valley of the meandering Neches River in southeast Texas represent several morphologically distinct and hydrologically independent channel systems. These appear to have a common origin as multi‐thread crevasse channels strongly influenced by antecedent morphology. Levee breaching leads to steeper cross‐valley flows toward floodplain basins associated with Pleistocene meander scars, creating multi‐thread channels that persist due to additional tributary contributions and ground water inputs. Results are consistent with the notion of plural systems where main channels, tributaries, and sub‐channels may have different morphologies and hydrogeomorphic functions. The adjacent Trinity and Sabine Rivers have similar environmental controls, yet the Trinity lacks evidence of extensive anastomosing channels on its floodplain, and those of the Sabine appear to be of different origin. The paper highlights the effects of geographical and historical contingency and hydrological idiosyncrasy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Breeding,growth, and aestivation of the Canterbury mudfish,Neochanna burrowsius (Salmoniformes: Galaxiidae)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

G. A. Eldon 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):331-346

Neochanna burrowsius (Phillipps) breeds in late winter and spring. Eggs are widely scattered, and adhere to leaves, stems, and suspended roots of aquatic and bankside vegetation in the sluggish or still waters of the adult habitat. Fish were successfully bred in ponds and tanks; hatching time for eggs varied greatly under different conditions of light and temperature. Fry are free swimming until they adopt the nocturnal, cryptic habits of adults when 30–50 mm long. Growth in the first year is rapid, sexual maturity being reached at 1 year old; subsequent growth is slow. Aestivation occurred successfully in shaded vegetable detritus or gravel. Holes were sometimes used, but fish did not make their own burrows for aestivation. When dissolved oxygen was low, captive fish left the water if able to do so without leaving  相似文献   

Comparison of fish populations in riffles of three braided rivers of Canterbury,New Zealand     

G. J. Glova  M. L. Bonnett  C. R. Docherty 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):157-165

Populations of small fish were sampled in 12–20 riffles of the lower reaches of 3 braided rivers in Canterbury, New Zealand, during periods of low, stable flows. In the Ashley, which has been least affected by floods in recent years, the standing stock of fish was severalfold higher than in the Hurunui and Rakaia Rivers, which experienced large floods over much of the time, particularly the Rakaia River. Mean abundance + 1 standard deviation (S.D.) of all species combined, amounted to 5.95 + 2.76 fish m ² for 10 species in the Ashley, 0.59 + 0.60 fish m ² for 7 species in the Hurunui, and 0.23 + 0.11 fish m ²for 6 species in the Rakaia. Mean biomass was 24.85 + 9.59, 2.11 + 1.19, and 2.50 ± 3.60 g m ²in the Ashley, Hurunui, and Rakaia Rivers, respectively. The more common species in the Ashley and Rakaia Rivers were torrentfish, longfinned eel, blue‐gilled bully, and upland bully. The same dominant species complex prevailed in the Hurunui River except that the common river galaxias was present instead of the bluegilled bully. The adverse effects of floods on fish, either directly, indirectly, or both, are considered to be a major limiting factor offish populations in braided rivers characterised by highly unstable flows and river beds, and a lack of suitable cover for fish.  相似文献   

FY-2E分裂窗晴空沙尘区导风初步研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

詹奕哲  王振会  张治国 《遥感学报》2012,16(4):738-750

干旱半干旱沙尘爆发区风场信息作为沙尘监测的一个重要组成部分,能够为沙尘移向预报提供宝贵的资料。结合目前日趋成熟的红外分裂窗差值监测沙尘及卫星导风技术,针对FY-2E气象卫星,首先利用MODTRAN辐射传输模式对沙尘晴空区特征进行敏感性分析,再将经过图像掩膜及线性处理后的分裂窗差值图像代入导风计算程序计算,获得了传统卫星导风所无法得到的水汽含量低值区风场信息。实际个例分析表明,得到的沙尘区风场与NCEP再分析资料850hPa风场有很好的一致性,能够为监测沙尘移动提供良好的风场信息。  相似文献   

基于城市建筑物的战场环境可视分析     

王明孝  王晶杰 《地理空间信息》2012,(1):57-60,2

从城市作战实际出发,主要以建筑物为考虑因素,提出了利用DEM叠加建筑物高度信息进行城市战场环境可视分析,研究了在城市战场环境中进行可视分析时应选择的数据类型,以及DEM与建筑物高度信息的快速获取途径与各方法的特点。利用这种方法对有关城市市区进行了实验分析,验证了方法的可行性与准确性。  相似文献