Effects of sediment pulses on bed relief in bar‐pool channels          下载免费PDF全文

John P. P. Zunka  Desiree D. Tullos  Stephen T. Lancaster 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(8):1017-1028

To further develop prediction of the range of morphological adjustments associated with sediment pulses in bar‐pool channels, we analyze channel bed topographic data collected prior to and following the removal of two dams in Oregon: Marmot Dam on the Sandy River and Brownsville Dam on the Calapooia River. We hypothesize that, in gravel‐bed, bar‐pool channels, the response of bed relief to sand and gravel sediment pulses is a function of initial relief and pulse magnitude. Modest increases in sediment supply to initially low‐relief, sediment‐poor cross‐sections will increase bed relief and variance of bed relief via bar deposition. Modest increases in sediment supply to initially high‐relief cross‐sections, characteristic of alternate bar morphology, will result in decreased bed relief and variance of relief via deposition in bar‐adjacent pools. These hypothesized adjustments are measured in terms of bed relief, which we define as the difference in elevation between the pool‐bottom and bar‐top. We evaluate how relief varies with sediment thickness, where both relief and mean sediment thickness at a cross‐section are normalized by the 90th percentile of observed relief values within a reach prior to a sediment pulse. Field measurements generally supported the stated hypotheses, demonstrating how introduction of a sediment pulse to low‐relief reaches can increase mean and variance of relief, while introduction to high‐relief reaches can decrease the mean and variance of bed relief, at least temporarily. In general, at both sites, the degree of impact increased with the thickness of sediment delivered to the cross‐section. Results thus suggest that the analysis is a useful step for understanding the morphological effects of sediment pulses introduced to gravel‐bed, bar‐pool channels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Morphodynamics of steep mountain channels          下载免费PDF全文

Francesco Brardinoni  Luca Mao  Alain Recking  Dieter Rickenmann  Jens M. Turowski 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(11):1560-1562

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Supraglacial melt channel networks in the Jakobshavn Isbræ region during the 2007 melt season          下载免费PDF全文

D. J. Lampkin  J. VanderBerg 《水文研究》2014,28(25):6038-6053

Supraglacial channels are an important mechanism for surface water transport over the ablation zone of western Greenland. The first assessment of the spatio‐temporal distribution of surface melt channels and their relationship to supraglacial lakes over the Jakobshavn Isbræ region of Western Greenland was analysed using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus panchromatic images during the 2007 melt season. A total of 1188 melt channels were delineated and show an increase in the number of melt channels throughout the season, reaching a peak on 9 August. Water‐filled melt channels advanced to a maximum elevation of 1647 m on 9 August and attained a minimum average slope of 0.009 on 8 July. The ablation zone demonstrates two hydrologic modes, where crevasse and moulin terminating channels dominate at elevations <800 m and higher‐order channel networks >800 m. Development of higher‐order networks is interrupted by flow divergence due to partitioning of melt water into vertical infiltration through moulins and crevasse fields prevalent at lower elevations. Tributary and connector networks between 800 and 1200 m in elevation are correlated with fewer lake occurrences, lower surface velocities (~50 m a^?1), and ice flow dominated by internal deformation over basal sliding. High‐order channels are associated with lake basins that exceed melt water storage capacity. Evolution of channel networks is coupled to changes in melt water production, runoff, and ice dynamics with implication for the englacial and subglacial environments. © 2013 The Authors. Hydrological Processes Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于SPOT遥感影像的九段沙潮沟信息提取及分维研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭永飞  韩震 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(6):1436-1441

以长江口九段沙为研究区, 应用灰度形态学提取了九段沙湿地的潮沟信息, 并对提取出的潮沟信息分区域采用网格法进行了分维研究, 得出了九段沙不同区域潮沟的分维值, 并对分维值进行了比较与分析。比较发现, 九段沙不同区域的分维值, 上沙最大, 下沙次之, 中沙最小。而在不同区域的不同岸段中, 处于上沙北部沿岸的潮沟分维值大于上沙其它地区; 处于中沙、下沙西北-东南沿岸的潮沟分维值分别大于中沙、下沙的其它地区。这主要与它们所处地理位置水动力条件不同有关。另外也计算了九段沙南岸与北岸的分维值, 发现南岸的分维值要大于北岸, 这与其发育时间、水动力条件和长江口深水航道工程等有一定联系。  相似文献   

复式河道滩槽交互区水沙运动机理          下载免费PDF全文

吉祖稳  胡春宏 《水科学进展》2017,28(3):321-328

滩槽复式河道是冲积河流中最为常见的一种形态,也是河流动力学研究最为重要的内容之一。以复式河道概化试验数据和水沙运动的区域性特征为依据,在提出滩槽复式断面主槽平衡区、滩槽交互区、滩地平衡区以及边壁区4个分区的基础上,将水流流态最为复杂的滩槽交互区进一步划分为对数流速区（内区）和非对数流速区（外区）,通过引入描写动植物生长过程的S型曲线,提出了内外区分界线的确定方法。以滩槽交互区横向分布公式为基础,通过线性假定和积分变换,给出了滩槽交互区内断面平均流速和含沙量的计算公式,并对不同分区内的流速和含沙量的差异性进行了比较分析。  相似文献   

Sediments and water fluxes in a muddy coastline: interplay between waves and tidal channel hydrodynamics     

S. Fagherazzi  A. M. Priestas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(3):284-293

Tidal channels are ubiquitous in muddy coastlines and play a critical role in the redistribution of sediments, thus dictating the general evolution of intertidal landforms. In muddy coastlines, the morphology of tidal channels and adjacent marshes strongly depends on the supply of fine sediments from the shelf and on the resuspension of sediments by wind waves. To investigate the processes that regulate sediment fluxes in muddy coastlines, we measured tidal velocity and sediment concentration in Little Constance Bayou, a tidal channel in the Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, USA. The tidal measurements were integrated with measurements of wave activity in the bay at the mouth of the channel, thus allowing the quantification of feedbacks between waves and sediment fluxes. Results indicate that the sediment concentration in the channel is directly related to the wave height in the adjacent bay during flood and high slack water, whereas the concentration during ebb depends on local channel velocity. Moreover, the sediment flux during ebb is of the same order of magnitude as the sediment flux during the previous flood, indicating that only a small fraction of transported sediments are stored in the marsh during a tidal cycle. Finally, very low tides, characterized by high ebb velocities, export large volumes of sediment to the ocean. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Statistical characteristics of flow as indicators of channeling in heterogeneous porous and fractured media     

R. Le Goc  J.-R. de Dreuzy  P. Davy 《Advances in water resources》2010

We introduce two new channeling indicators D_ic and D_cc based on the Lagrangian distribution of flow rates. On the basis of the participation ratio, these indicators characterize the extremes of both the flow-tube width distribution and the flow rate variation along flow lines. The participation ratio is an indicator biased toward the larger values of a distribution and is equal to the normalized ratio of the square of the first-order moment to the second-order moment. Compared with other existing indicators, they advantageously provide additional information on the flow channel geometry, are consistently applicable to both porous and fractured media, and are generally less variable for media generated using the same parameters than other indicators. Based on their computation for a broad range of porous and fracture permeability fields, we show that they consistently characterize two different geometric properties of channels. D_ic gives a characteristic scale of low-flow zones in porous media and a characteristic distance between effectively flowing structures in fractured cases. D_cc gives a characteristic scale of the extension of high-flow zones in porous media and a characteristic channel length in fractured media. D_ic is mostly determined by channel density and permeability variability. D_cc is, however, more affected by the nature of the correlation structure like the presence of permeability channels or fractures in porous media and the length distribution in fracture networks.  相似文献   

Benchmark on the numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic evolution of tidal channels and tidal inlets     

N. Tambroni  C. Ferrarin  A. Canestrelli 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

A correct understanding of the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of tidal basins is of fundamental importance for the fate of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. If on one hand, the development of sophisticated numerical models is called for in order to reproduce the complexity of the mechanisms governing the morphodynamic evolution of many natural environments, including lagoons, on the other hand, a clear knowledge of the reliability and limits of the results provided by these models is crucial in order to establish the condition under which they can be safely applied. To this aim, researchers involved in numerical modeling in the framework of the recent Corila research programmes, agreed to perform an accurate comparison of results provided by three different numerical models, applying them to the test case offered by the experimental investigations performed under controlled conditions by Tambroni et al. (2005a). Here, we consider the following numerical models: (i) a 2D finite element hydrodynamic model coupled with a 2D finite volume morphodynamic model (5 and 3); (ii) a 2D finite element morphodynamic model (Ferrarin et al., 2008); (iii) a 2D depth-averaged model for the inlet region, coupled with a 1D model for the channel (Tambroni et al., 2005b). A first set of simulations concerns the fixed bed case and shows that all the models provide similar results: in particular, they are able to predict the observed free surface oscillations satisfactorily, while comparison with the measured velocity field is less satisfactory. Moreover, as far as the flow field at the inlet is concerned, the models describe accurately the potential flow into the channel during the flood phase, while they are not able to adequately reproduce the occurrence of the fine structure of the shear layers shed by the inlet edges during the ebb phase. This limit is related to the shallow water character of the models. As for the morphodynamics, the long term equilibrium configurations of the bottom of the channel and of the near inlet region show qualitative agreement with the experimental observations, although in this case the differences between the results provided by the distinct numerical approaches are more marked.  相似文献   

信息渠道对城市居民迁居空间的影响——以南京为例     

秦萧  甄峰 《地理研究》2016,35(10):1846-1856

根据搜寻空间理论,网络渠道能够提供比传统渠道更多的住房信息,减少居民迁居过程中对原住房周边区域的依赖,从而扩大了居民迁居的搜寻范围。但是,与远程办公和住房选择关系的研究相比,学者较少关注网络渠道对居民实际迁居空间的影响。基于南京城区居民迁居活动调查数据,利用三维核密度和多项式逻辑回归模型,重点分析不同信息渠道使用者的迁居时空特征、信息渠道对使用者迁居空间的影响。研究发现,近年来网络渠道已经成为居民迁居过程中的主导住房信息获取方式,其使用者的迁居距离大于传统渠道使用者,丰富了现有关于ICT对居民迁居空间影响的学术研究,也为城市住房信息管理和住房空间规划提供借鉴。  相似文献   

灌区节水改造渠道防渗衬砌形式的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李锦玉 《地下水》2011,(1):93-94

通过近几年灌区节水改造工程中渠道衬砌的实施,探讨了酒泉市几种有代表性的渠道衬砌形式的运用现状和存在主要问题,并提出了解决途径和措施.  相似文献