钢铁厂周围不同污染介质的磁学性质及环境意义   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

张春霞  黄宝春  刘青松 《地球物理学报》2009,52(11):2826-2839

为了通过钢铁厂周围不同污染介质的磁学性质研究,实现对环境污染的有效监测,本文系统地采集了河北兴隆和湖南娄底两个钢铁厂周围的树皮和草表面的飞灰、土壤及不同树种的年轮样品.其中前三者用来反映现今污染源,而树木年轮用来追踪长时间尺度的污染历史.通过综合岩石磁学实验分析（包括热磁曲线、磁滞性质和低温实验等）、电子扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDX)以及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,发现钢铁厂周围现今污染源中的主要粗颗粒磁性矿物为磁铁矿、赤铁矿和纯铁.其中8~50 μm的球形磁铁矿颗粒和呈棱角状的铁颗粒是钢铁厂污染物的特征磁性矿物.对不同树种来说,其中香樟树和枫树树木年轮中的磁性矿物以顺磁性物质为主, 不适合用于环境磁学的污染监测.而柳树中的磁性矿物（主要为磁铁矿）与现今污染源的磁性矿物相符.以上研究表明多参数岩石磁学测量并辅以微观分析等手段,可以精确地提取磁性矿物的种类及粒度特征, 判别重工业区污染源,为应用磁学方法来监测环境污染提供依据.  相似文献   

The Polar Cap (PC) indices: Relations to solar wind parameters and global magnetic activity     

P. Stauning  Oleg Troshichev  Alexander Janzhura 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(18):2246-2261

The polar geomagnetic activity resulting from solar wind–magnetosphere interactions can be characterized the Polar Cap (PC) indices, PCN and PCS. PC index values are derived from polar magnetic variations calibrated on a statistical basis such that the index approximate values in units of mV/m of the interplanetary “geo-effective” (or “merging”) electric field (E_M) conveyed by the solar wind. The timing and amplitude relations of the PC index to solar wind plasma and magnetic field parameters are reported. The solar wind effects are parameterized in terms of the geo-effective electric field (E_M) and the dynamical pressure (P_DYN). The PC index has a delayed and damped response to E_M variations and display saturation-like effects for E_M values exceeding 10 mV/m. Steady or slowly varying levels of solar wind dynamical pressure have little or no impact on the PC index above the effects related to E_M for which the solar wind velocity is also a factor. Sharp increases in the dynamical pressure generate impulsive variations in the PC index comprising a initial negative impulse of 5–10 min duration followed by a positive impulse lasting 10–20 min. Typical amplitudes of both the negative and the positive impulses are 0.2–0.5 units. A sharp decrease in the pressure produces the inverse sequence of pulses in the PC index. Auroral substorm activity represented by the AL index level has a marked influence on the average PC/E_M level at the transition from very quiet (AL0 nT) to disturbed conditions while more or less disturbed conditions (AL<−100 nT) have no systematic effect on the average PC/E_M values. At distinct substorm events the PC/E_M ratio has a minimum (0.8) in the pre-onset phase at around 20 min before substorm onset. The average ratio gradually increases in the expansion phase to reach a maximum value (1.1) at around 40 min after substorm onset (or 20 min after the largest (negative) peak in AL). At substorm recovery during the next 2 h the PC/E_M ratio decreases. Finally, we report on the application of polar magnetic variations to model the disturbance storm time (Dst) index development during magnetic storms by using the PC index as a source function to quantify the energy input to the ring current representing accumulated storm energy and characterized by the Dst index.  相似文献   

河南濮卫环洼带断裂特征及其在油气运聚中的作用   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

刘伟  余传谋 《地质力学学报》2009,15(2):190-200

濮卫环洼带地质构造复杂, 洼陷带的勘探程度还较低。在系统分析断裂特征及其活动性基础上, 探讨了断层在油气运聚中的作用。研究表明, 卫东-文东断裂系和濮城-陈营断裂系各自分别由5条主控断层构成, 控制着该区的构造格局和油气运聚。卫东、文东、濮城南、濮31等断层活动时间长, 与成藏时间匹配较好, 是油气从深层向浅层运移的重要通道。断层和连通砂体构成了断层型、断-砂组合型油气输导体系。断层型输导体系沟通了烃源岩和储集层, 增强了油气垂向运移能力, 断-砂组合型油气输导体系以侧向输导为主, 断层主要起阻挡油气或调节油气运移层系和方向的作用, 导致在主断层附近形成构造-地层油气藏, 远离主断层的边部形成岩性油气藏。   相似文献   

Phreatomagmatic volcanic hazards where rift-systems meet the sea, a study from Ambae Island, Vanuatu   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kroly Nmeth  Shane J. Cronin 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,180(2-4):246

Ambae Island is a mafic stratovolcano located in the northern Vanuatu volcanic arc and has a NE–SW rift-controlled elongated shape. Several hundred scoria cones and fissure-fed lava fields occur along its long axis. After many decades of quiescence, Ambae Island erupted on the 28th of November 2005, disrupting the lives of its 10,000 inhabitants. Its activity remained focused at the central (crater-lake filled) vent and this is where hazard-assessments were focused. These assessments initially neglected that maars, tephra cones and rings occur at each tip of the island where the eruptive activity occurred < 500 and < 300 yr B.P. The products of this explosive phreatomagmatic activity are located where the rift axis meets the sea. At the NE edge of the island five tephra rings occur, each comparable in size to those on the summit of Ambae. Along the NE coastline, a near-continuous cliff section exposes an up to 25 m thick succession of near-vent phreatomagmatic tephra units derived from closely spaced vents. This can be subdivided into two major lithofacies associations. The first association represents when the locus of explosions was below sea level and comprises matrix-supported, massive to weakly stratified beds of coarse ash and lapilli. These are dominant in the lowermost part of the sequence and commonly contain coral fragments, indicating that the loci of explosion were located within a reef or coral sediment near the syn-eruptive shoreline. The second type indicate more stable vent conditions and rapidly repeating explosions of high intensity, producing fine-grained tephra with undulatory bedding and cross-lamination as well as megaripple bedforms. These surge and fall beds are more common in the uppermost part of the succession and form a few-m-thick pile. An older tephra succession of similar character occurs below, and buried trees in growth position, as well as those flattened within base surge beds. This implies that the centre of this eruption was very near the coastline. The processes implied by these deposits are amongst the most violent forms of volcanism on this island. In addition, the lowland and coastal areas affected by these events are the most heavily populated. This circumstance is mirrored on many similar volcanic islands, including the nearby SW Pacific examples of Taveuni (Fiji), Upolu and Savai'i (Samoa), and Ambrym (Vanuatu). These locations are paradoxically often considered safe areas during summit/central-vent eruptions, simply because they are farthest from the central sources of ash-fall and lahar hazard. The observations presented here necessitate a revision of this view.  相似文献   

土与结构接触面力学特性环剪试验研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

杨有莲  朱俊高  余挺  吴晓铭 《岩土力学》2009,30(11):3256-3260

利用环剪仪对不同的土与混凝土接触面的力学特性进行了研究。分别对有泥皮及没有泥皮的接触面情况进行试验,并对剪切面位于黏土内的情况进行了试验。结果表明,不同接触面的应力-应变特性差异很大,泥皮的存在明显改变了接触面的性状;对没有泥皮的情况,剪切破坏面可能发生在土体内部,也可能发生在土-混凝土接触界面;而有泥皮时,破坏面始终发生在泥皮内部。试验的各种接触界面中,破坏时平均剪应力与法向应力具有较好的线性关系, 接触面强度可用摩尔-库仑准则较好地描述;当有泥皮存在时,摩擦角为没有泥皮时的63.4 %。  相似文献   

北京城市边缘区非农产业活动特征与形成机制^*   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

曹广忠  刘涛  缪杨兵 《地理研究》2009,28(5):1352-1364

考察了北京主城边缘区的非农产业结构与空间特征,揭示了二者的交互演进过程:非农产业的发展是城市边缘区形成的重要标志,产业结构的升级促进了边缘区的圈层扩展和空间演进;边缘区的外移过程中,制造业具有稳定的优势,交运仓储、生产资料租赁等传统生产者服务业的优势也随之强化,但空间黏滞性较强的旅游、体育等行业则促进了边缘区产业结构的时相差异性。文章对城市边缘区"年轮式"的圈层扩展进行了定量实证分析,并将其实现的微观路径归纳为飞地式、轴向、填充式和外推式等四种扩展模式。城市规划、城郊高速公路和开发区建设、地价和综合环境的改善是城市边缘区产业空间演变的重要动力。城市空间优化和产业结构调整的结合是解决边缘区产业、空间和社会问题的有效途径。  相似文献   

砂性地层中地铁盾构隧道管片结构受力特征研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

何川  曾东洋 《岩土力学》2007,28(5):909-914

以南京地铁一号线穿越砂性地层盾构隧道为研究对象,对管片环施工全过程和稳定期进行了现场系统研究。采用考虑结构与地层相互作用的梁-弹簧模型进行理论计算,探讨了砂性地层中盾尾注浆、土体应力松弛、水压力及拼装方式对管片环土水压力、纵缝张开量、内力等的分布和变化规律的影响,揭示了砂性地层中地铁盾构隧道管片环的结构性能及其与地层的相互作用特性,提出了适用于砂性地层条件下的地铁盾构隧道设计原则与方法。  相似文献   

深基坑排桩支护结构空间共同变形分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赖冠宙  房营光  史宏彦 《岩土力学》2007,28(8):1749-1752

考虑深基坑支护结构中圈梁、腰梁、排桩、支撑和地基的空间协同作用,建立了基于共同变形理论的有限元三维分析模型,明确了土压力及地基等效刚度的计算方法。结合工程实例,分析了带圈梁的排桩支护结构的内力、位移及土压力分布规律,并与二维平面分析结果进行了比较,验证了计算模型的合理性和三维分析的必要性。  相似文献   

腾格里沙漠南缘油松树轮宽度变化及其对气候因子的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

鲁瑞洁  夏虹 《中国沙漠》2006,26(3):399-402

树木年轮定年准确、连续性强、分辨率高,并且易于获取复本,已经成为过去气候变化研究的主要手段之一。在沙漠地区,受气候条件的限制,树轮研究工作开展的较少。通过分析腾格里沙漠南缘油松树木年轮宽度的变化及其对气候因子的响应,发现夏季（6~8月）温度以及年降水量是当地油松生长的重要限制因子。对树木年轮标准化年表的功率谱分析表明,树轮记录具有2.6 a,7.5 a,14 a以及16.5 a的显著周期,其中2.6a以及7.5a周期的树轮指数变化,可能与ENSO的周期有关。  相似文献   

新疆阿勒泰地区小冰期特征的树轮δ13C记录   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3  

陈拓  秦大河  刘晓宏  李江风  任贾文  孙维贞 《冰川冻土》2002,24(1):83-86

建立了新疆阿勒泰地区一个长约450a的落叶松树轮碳同位素年表.该年表一个最为明显的特点是1850年后年轮δ¹³C显著降低,这是化石燃料燃烧和土地利用方式改变的缘故.在1550—1850年期间,该年表经历了明显的距平“正负”(即暖冷)变化:17世纪年轮δ¹³C值相对偏负,气温较低,18世纪年轮δ¹³C值相对偏正,温度较高.根据已有的树轮δ¹³C温度系数,17世纪的温度相对偏低约0.67～2.46℃.广泛的区域性对比表明,该年表所揭示的小冰期温度变化具有较高的可信度。  相似文献