舟山枸杞水域的污损生物生态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡如星  陈树庆 《海洋学研究》1994,12(3):42-56

本文系１９８８年９月～１９８９年９月在舟山枸杞乌里西岙水域进行挂板试验的结果。共获污损生物１３５种，其中，近岸的油库码头获７７种，远岸的养殖筏获１１０种。动物以亚热带高盐性种类为主，三角藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｔｒｉｇｕｎｕｓ、小海葵Ａｃｔｉｎｉａ、柯氏分胞孔苔虫Ｃｅｌｌｅｐｏｒｉｎａｃｏｓｔａｚｉｉ、西方三胞苔虫Ｔｒｉｃｅｌａｒｉａｏｃｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌｉｓ、艾氏美熄Ｃｌｔｉａｅｄｗａｒｄｓｉ、广口小桧叶螅Ｓｅｒｔｕｌａｒｅｌｌａｍｉｕｒｒｅｎｓｉｓ等占优势，藻类常见的有长石莼Ｕｌｖａｌｉｎｚａ、肠浒苔Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈｙｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｉｓ和日本多管藻Ｐｏｌｙｓｉｐｈｏｎｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ。枸杞污损生物的附着期主要在夏季，附着量也以夏季最大。不同地点附着量的差异极大。夏季由于近岸三角藤壶大量附着，故生物量明显大子远岸，其他季节均是远岸大于近岸。夏季近岸三角藤壶的覆盖面积达１００％，生物量达１８１１９ｇ／ｍ２，占污损生物总生物量的９８％。故夏季是污损生物防除的主要季节，三角藤壶是防除的主要对象。与１９７５～１９７６年嵊山污损生物进行比较，发现两地污损生物的种类组成和群落结构极为相似，说明１０多年以来嵊山  相似文献   

舟山潮间带生态学研究：Ⅱ.数量及其分布   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蔡如星  郑锋 《海洋学研究》1991,9(3):58-72

舟山潮间带生物种类数量的平面分布与盐度和海岸开敞性有关,垂直分布与潮汐有关;群落数量的水平分布与底质和海岸开敞性有关,垂直分布与潮汐有关。舟山潮间带生物有明显的分带现象,隐蔽的岩岸区分为:滨螺带和藤壶-牡蛎带两个带;开敞性岩岸区分为:滨螺带,藤壶-(虫戚)-藻类带及藻类带3个带。沙滩区分为:沙蟹带和浅蛤-斧蛤带两个带;泥沙滩区分为:盐碱植物-滨螺带和招潮蟹-大眼蟹带;泥滩区分为:蟹守螺-囊螺带和蟹守螺-织纹螺带。  相似文献   

亚热带沿海景观的旅游保护性开发及建设探讨--以福建沿海为例     

翁毅  周永章  张伟强  储德平 《台湾海峡》2006,25(2):285-294

依据地貌学和风景学的角度,福建沿海景观以闽江口和九龙江口为界可分为3个景观亚区,并具有多样性与复杂性、动态性与脆弱性和关联性与分异性等特征.本文运用景观生态的原理研究沿海景观的构成与格局,在沿海景观的分类和特征概括的基础上,探讨福建沿海景观旅游开发与建设的模式.通过维护沿海景观系统的稳定,优化沿海各景观亚区的分布格局,提高沿海景观的整体舒适性和挖掘文化景观的内涵等应对措施以实现福建沿海旅游的科学发展.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾生物学及养殖生态学研究进展   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

王兴强  马甡  董双林 《海洋湖沼通报》2004,(4):94-100

凡纳滨对虾原产于太平洋沿岸水域秘鲁北部至墨西哥桑诺拉一带。1988年由张伟权教授引进我国。本文对国内外凡纳滨对虾生物学及养殖生态学的研究进行了总结，提出了凡纳滨对虾养殖生态学今后研究的方向。  相似文献   

大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  

周红  张志南 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(1):58-64

本文阐述大型多元统计分析软件 PRIMER的原理及其在底栖生态学中的应用。PRIMER是处理生态和环境多元数据的重要数值分析工具 ,本文从实用的角度对其中包括的技术方法和相应的子程序如 :等级聚类 (CLUSTER)、非度量多维标度 (MDS)、主分量分析 (PCA)、相似性分析检验(ANOSIM)、相似性百分比分析 (SIMPER)、生物 -环境连接的逐步分析和相关检验 (BIOENV/BVSTEP)等作了较为系统的介绍。  相似文献   

Marine Ecology - A Century of Changes     

Rupert  Riedl 《Marine Ecology》1980,1(1):3-46

Abstract. The major changes within the concepts of marine ecology are investigated, with the aim to design this new journal's scientific format. Four phases of marine sciences are distinguished: the phase of seafarers, of oceanographic expeditions, of marine stations, and of field research. The changes in the latter two are discussed in detail. The changes are described as occurring along three axes. First, as a movement towards the object; accomplished by fieldwork, scientific diving, remote controlled equipment, and by underwater experimentation. Second, the cooperation between several disciplines that led towards bridging gaps. And lastly, how the discovery of unifying principles in ecology (the development of an ecological theory) led the approach in marine ecology towards increasing complexity.  相似文献   

九龙江口红树林湿地与米草湿地的底栖生物   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

洪荣标  吕小梅  陈岚  方少华 《台湾海峡》2005,24(2):189-194

2004年冬季,在厦门海沧青礁和海沧大道东侧潮间带进行红树林湿地、互花米草湿地和普通滩涂湿地的底栖生物生态调查.调查结果:定量样品普通滩涂出现的种类、生物量比互花米草区和红树林区多,互花米草区底栖动物的栖息密度、种类多样性、丰度比红树林区高.  相似文献   

Species composition and distribution of marine nematode community in the North Taiwan Strait   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9  

Cai Lizhe  Hong Huasheng  Zou Chaozhong  Fang Shaohu  L&#; Xiaomei  Zhang Yueping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2001,20(2):221-229

I~IOW~ne nelnatode is a ban gIOup of benthic OrgAnsrns. Abbot 5 000 spotes Of free-livingnelnatedes have ben dedbo so far, and it has ho estimated that abbot 20 (XX) are as yetunknoWn. Chinese bothologist has Paid attention to marine nelnatodes in China seas in yare. The spatial distribution and shoes commotion of marine nelnatedes in the HUanghe EstUary, Qinhuangdao waters, QingdaO Bay and Xiamen ~ have ho reported (Zhang etal., 1990, 1991, 1993; ac and Li, 1998). ~ new shoes in the…  相似文献   

Geophysiology and Parahistology of the Interactions of Organisms with the Environment*     

Wolfgang E. Krumbein 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):1-21

Abstract. Ecology and Global Ecology (GE) are terms by which the relations between the organism (or living matter as a whole) and the environment (or Earth as a whole) have been treated for almost a century. Geophysiology and Parahistology (PH) are terms slowly replacing older scientific thoughts jointly with an increasing number of modifications and alterations of the Darwinian Evolution (DE) concept. Somehow Geophysiology and Parahistology seem to describe evolution in a non-Darwinian domain. According to V.I. Vernadsky (1929,1930,1988) - the great Russian naturalist and biogeochemist - the biogeochemical processes on Earth are controlled by the force of living matter rather than by species associations developing in and with individual ecosystems as expressed by darwinian evolutionary terms. He also claimed that Goethe was incorrectly regarded as a predecessor of DE by some authors (including Darwin) and that “Natur” (nature) and “Lebendige Natur” (the totality of creatures) are two very different things for Goethe. Detailed analyses of microbial mat systems in the German Wadden Sea and in artificial hypersaline WInogradsky columns have shown that the totality of creatures and matter around them i.e., the “lebendige Natur”sensu Goethe or “living matter”sensu Vernadsky of such environments control to a considerable extent the structure, stability. and (geo-)morphology of sediments and thereby the geological structure of the living Earth. These structures do not follow the rules of sedimentation formulated by the laws of Stokes They represent growth structures (Aufwuchs), whose physics and dynamics are controlled by complex fractal systems. The factors controlling the ultimate shape and stabilisation potential of the eventually resulting rocks and fossils are comparable to tissue development in macroorganisms. Also, certain microbial associations in the sub-recent and in the fossil record may be compared to metazoan tissues. Chemical gradients in the sedimentary column, regulated by the interplay of living matter and sluggish (slow-reactive to non-reactive) compounds, combine to create a pattern of porosity and structure of the resulting deposits that clearly indicates microbial influences and especially those of extracellular polymeric substances on the morphology and texture. The combined effects of microbiota or living matter on the sedimentary record are described as parahistology of sediments in analogy of the histology of tissue on a geological scale. This conceptual living tissue made up of microbially generated rocks and ore deposits cycled through metabolic processes and forced into tissue-like structures by microbial biofilms and mats may extend down to the upper mantle of Earth and far up into the stratosphere when Earth is regarded as a living entity over geological periods. We may have to conceive Earth as a living specimen, which is breathing at a frequency of thousands of years instead of the normal physiological breathing rate of man or an insect. Macroorganisms in all terrestrial systems represent the transport and logistic media, which, however, utterly depend on myriads of intra-, inter-, and extracellular microbial symbiotic partners.  相似文献   

珠江口浮游幼虫的生态研究     

李开枝  尹健强  黄良民  邱大俊 《海洋通报》2007,26(6):42-47

根据2002—2003年珠江口12个航次的调查资料,分析探讨了不同调查时间和区域浮游幼虫的组成类型、丰度变化和环境因子的影响。以表层盐度(S)变化将调查海域划分成三个区域:I区(S<25)、II区(2530)。12个航次的调查结果显示:调查海域共出现浮游幼虫12个类型,隶属5个动物门,II区和III区的类型数一般高于I区,软体动物门和棘皮动物门的幼虫只出现在II区和III区。其中2002年7月(夏季)、2003年1月(冬季)和4月(春季)的3个大航次结果表明珠江口浮游幼虫的平均丰度为61ind/m3,三个区域的平均丰度比较为II区(124ind/m3)>I区(33ind/m3)>III区(27ind/m3),春夏季的丰度高于冬季。另外在I区进行了9个小航次调查的研究表明:I区浮游幼虫平均丰度较高,月份之间的丰度差别明显,不同站位之间也有差别。温度和食料是影响珠江口浮游幼虫丰度变化的主要因素。  相似文献