中国春运人口省际流动的时空与结构特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

赵梓渝  魏冶  庞瑞秋  杨冉  王士君 《地理科学进展》2017,36(8):952-964

本文通过构建人口省际流动的关系矩阵,透视2015年中国春节期间人口省际流动的动态过程、网络特征,并对各省人口流入、流出的规模差异进行测度。研究结论如下：①春节前后中国各省每日人口净流入人次存在显著的规律性特征,2月13-17日和2月25日-3月1日为各省节前返乡流和节后返工流期间人口净流入、流出峰值时段,可作为基于春运研究中国人口省际流动的重要依据;②识别了14个人口净流入省、17个人口净流出省,净流入位序前六省和后八省分别吸纳和提供了全国9成人口的集聚与扩散。人口主要流入省的沿海绵延和主要流出省的中部“人口塌陷”共同构成了双纵格局;③各省流出首位流的指向特征显著,南方人口流出省的流出指向存在共性,京津、长三角、珠三角地区的人口集聚路径存在差异。④移动数据为发掘人口流动过程中蕴含的丰富信息提供了平台,基于节后、节前净流入值差值的方法可以有效识别中国人口流动的规模差异、属性特征。通过与以往研究对比,证实了移动数据与基于人口普查数据研究的诸多结论相似性。  相似文献   

长江三角洲人口与经济空间格局演变及影响因素   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

闫东升  杨槿 《地理科学进展》2017,36(7):820-831

人口与经济是反映区域差异的两大主要指标,其空间分布与区域差异的形成有密切关联。产业作为经济发展的基本载体,产业结构是影响人口与经济空间分布协调性的重要因素。在产业转移加快的背景下,长三角人口与经济空间分布格局也出现了一定的变化,对二者空间演变协调性研究具有重要的现实意义。本文运用重心、不一致指数及不均衡指数等方法,分析2000-2013年长三角人口与经济空间格局演变趋势及影响因素。结果表明,核心区经济增长有所放缓、边缘区经济增长加快,但人口向核心区集聚态势依然存在;基于不一致指数与不均衡指数的分析表明,与边缘区GDP快速增长导致区域GDP格局显著变化不同,边缘城市的人口增长并不显著且集中在部分城市;尽管人口与经济不一致指数分布格局呈现相对稳定的“核心—边缘”格局,但人口与经济增长不协调性增强推动了长三角人口与经济总体协调性的提高。本文尝试从市场、政府及人均GDP等因素对长三角人口与经济分布不协调的现象进行了解释。  相似文献   

基于生境质量的城市增长边界研究——以长三角地区为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

吴健生  毛家颖  林倩  李嘉诚 《地理科学》2017,37(1):28-36

基于“生态优先”理念,提出一种利用生境质量评估策略的城市增长边界划定方法。结合ArcGIS和InVEST模型,通过综合评估生境自身及其在威胁情境下的质量,模拟各市独立规划、建设用地指标再分配及区域一体化发展的三类建设用地扩张情景,分别划定2024和2034年的长三角地区城市增长边界。结果表明：研究区生境质量总体呈南高北低格局,平均生态系统服务价值密度为10 770.604元/（hm²·a）,高质生境位于西南地区;根据指标再分配及一体化发展情景模拟的2024年研究区建设用地总量分别为10 583.273 km2和10 489.090 km2,2034年达到13 603.535 km2和13 252.370 km2;模拟的建设用地集中在东部沿海地区,并向北部及环杭州湾区域拓展;建设用地指标再分配能从整体上减少建设用地对优质生境的占用,区域一体化发展则能进一步降低城市发展造成的生态压力。  相似文献   

中国县域小城镇就业岗位对人口集聚的影响研究——基于分位数回归的实证检验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李国平  宋昌耀  孙瑀 《地理科学》2017,37(12):1785-1794

利用中国县域建制镇数据,研究了中国小城镇常住人口与就业岗位的空间分布特征,采用分位数回归实证检验了就业岗位对小城镇人口集聚的影响。主要结论是：① 中国县域小城镇常住人口主要集中在胡焕庸线以东地区,尤其是哈大沿线、成渝地区、长江中下游和东南沿海省份。2009~2014年,中国小城镇常住人口密度普遍上升,中国小城镇常住人口比重在胡焕庸线两侧基本保持着稳定状态。② 中国县域小城镇非农就业岗位分布与常住人口分布大致吻合,且集聚程度更高。③ 中国县域小城镇就业岗位促进常住人口的集聚。随着县域小城镇人口规模的增加,就业岗位对小城镇常住人口集聚的影响逐渐降低,且第三产业就业岗位数量对人口集聚的影响将超过第二产业。④ 分区域看,县域小城镇就业岗位的人口促进作用对东部地区最为显著,中部次之,西部最低。  相似文献   

山东半岛人口和产业布局适宜性评价     

赵振华 《地域研究与开发》2017,36(2)

选择环境敏感性、交通优势度、水土资源丰度、人口聚集程度及附属设施4个方面的12个指标构建评价要素体系,对山东半岛地区人口和产业布局适宜性进行分类评价,利用AHP求取各指标权重,借助GIS软件空间叠加功能,计算人口和产业布局适宜性大小,并将其分为5个等级。评价结果显示:人口布局适宜性以强区为主,主要分布在胶莱盆地及烟台东部地区;制造业布局适宜性强区主要分布在潍北地区、威海市中部地区、青岛市环胶州湾地区、日照市东港区;新兴产业布局适宜性强区主要分布在威海市北部地区、青岛市沿胶州湾地区,烟台市北部地区有零星分布;物流行业布局适宜性强区主要分布在烟台市北部沿海、环胶州湾地区及潍坊市市域范围内。  相似文献   

A Quantitative Assessment of Buffers among Temperature Variations, Livestock, and the Human Population of Iceland, 1784 to 1900     

Daniel E. Vasey 《Climatic change》2001,48(1):243-263

In this study two statistical techniques were used to assess buffers within the farm food chain in late preindustrial Iceland. Both methods arrived at similar quantitative assessments. The chain's tangible links were grass, livestock, and the human population, but it began with temperature, the primary determinant of grass yield and a proxy for grass yield in this study. The buffers were large in spite of the marginal nature of cattle, sheep, and horse farming in the subarctic climate, and the poverty of much of the population. One method of study involved comparison of livestock reductions and human population decrease in seven crises between 1784 and 1888, with attention to temperature data for crises after 1823, when continuous systematic meteorological observations began. The other method is time-series analysis using temperature observations, livestock counts which began in 1817, and several human demographic variables. The discussion focuses on likely buffers, notably alternative sources of winter fodder for livestock and of food for the human population.  相似文献   

Estimated population mixing by country and risk cohort for the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Western Europe     

Richard Thomas 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2001,3(3):283-301

 This paper applies a compartmental epidemic model to estimating the mixing relations that support the transfer of HIV infection between risk populations within the countries of Western Europe. To this end, a space-time epidemic model with compartments representing countries with populations specified to be at high (gay men and intravenous drug injectors ever with AIDS) and low (the remainder who are sexually active) risk is described. This model also allows for contacts between susceptible and infectious individuals by both local and international travel. This system is calibrated to recorded AIDS incidence and the best-fit solution provides estimates of variations in the rates of mixing between the compartments together with a reconstruction of the transmission pathway. This solution indicates that, for all the countries, AIDS incidence among those at low risk is expected to remain extremely small relative to their total number. A sensitivity analysis of the low risk partner acquisition rate, however, suggests this endemic state might be fragile within Europe during this century. The discussion examines the relevance of these mixing relationships for the maintenance of disease control. Received: 4 May 2000 / Accepted: 9 July 2000  相似文献   

GIS在人口重心迁移研究中的应用   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

赵军  符海月 《测绘工程》2001,10(3):41-43

利用GIS技术，建立甘肃少数民族人口重心研究的图形数据库和人口统计数据库，计算各主要民族人口重心及其移动轨迹，制作人口重心移动专题图件，并在此基础上对少数民族人口重心移动规律展开讨论。  相似文献   

西天山阿吾拉勒埃达克质岩石成因：Nd和Sr同位素组成的限制   总被引：28，自引：11，他引：28  

熊小林  赵振华等 《岩石学报》2001,17(4):514-522

西天山阿吾拉勒二叠纪钠质英安岩和钠长斑岩具有与埃达克岩一致的高Sr,低Y、Yb和Eu正异常等独特岩石地球化学特征。系统的Nd和Sr同位素组成研究表明，其（^143Nd/^144Nd)i为0．512384－0．512470，εNd(t)为正值（＋1．57－＋3．26）；（^87Sr/^86Sr)i为0．0751－0．7054，与本区同时代幔源玄武岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成特征相似，但与俯冲洋壳部分熔融成因埃达克岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成有显著区别。结合这些埃达克质岩石形成二叠纪后碰撞阶段构造背景，认为本区埃达克质岩浆最有可能由新底侵的玄武质下地壳在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过渡或榴辉岩相的条件下部分熔融形成，是西天山晚古生代后碰撞阶段地幔玄武岩浆底侵作用和地壳垂向增生的重要岩石标志。  相似文献   

Growth and linkage of a segmented normal fault zone; the Late Jurassic Murchison–Statfjord North Fault, northern North Sea     

Mike J Young  Rob L Gawthorpe  Stuart Hardy 《Journal of Structural Geology》2001,23(12):1

The structure of the 25 km long northeastern portion of the Murchison–Statfjord North Fault Zone and adjacent syn-rift stratigraphy are integrated to reconstruct the temporal and spatial evolution during c. 30.5 myr of Late Jurassic, North Sea rifting. Based on a structural analysis (D–d data) alone, approximately 14 precursor fault strands are identified. Incorporation of stratigraphic data shows that only six of these strands were important in controlling stratal architecture and distribution. Three main stages in the evolution of the fault zone are recorded in the syn-rift stratigraphy and are biostratigraphically constrained. These are: (1) following initiation of rifting, six isolated fault strands developed (each <4 km long) and controlled the stratigraphy for c. 13 myr; (2) the isolated strands linked along-strike forming two >9 km long fault segments separated by a 2 km wide relay ramp, that controlled the stratigraphy for at least the following c. 10.5 myr; and (3) the two fault segments hard-linked forming a single, continuous fault trace during the final c. 7 myr of rifting. The results of this study reveal the necessity to adopt an integrated structural and stratigraphic approach when reconstructing the evolution of normal fault zones. The results may also help to further constrain models of fault evolution.  相似文献