Tropical harmful algal blooms: An emerging threat to coral reef communities?     

Andrew G. Bauman  John A. Burt  Elise Marquis  Paolo Usseglio 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(11):2117-2122

Tropical harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in frequency and intensity and are substantially affecting marine communities. In October/November 2008 a large-scale HAB event (> 500 km², dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides) in the Gulf of Oman caused the complete loss of the branching corals, Pocillopora and Acropora spp., and substantial reductions in the abundance, richness and trophic diversity of the associated coral reef fish communities. Although the causative agents of this C. polykrikoides bloom are unknown, increased coastal enrichment, natural oceanographic mechanisms, and the recent expansion of this species within ballast water discharge are expected to be the main agents. With rapid changes in oceanic climate, enhanced coastal eutrophication and increased global distribution of HAB species within ballast water, large-scale HAB events are predicted to increase dramatically in both intensity and distribution and can be expected to have increasingly negative effects on coral reef communities globally.  相似文献   

Discussion on several important problems in earthquake-related electromagnetic disturbance monitoring in China          下载免费PDF全文

Lanwei Wang  Shizhong Zhang  Yu Zhang  Dapeng Liu 《地震科学（英文版）》2011,24(6):583-591

Earthquake-related electromagnetic observation aims at finding abnormal electromagnetic variation associated with earthquake possibly. The existing studies have proved that this method is, to a large extent, effective in short-term and impending earthquake predication. This paper summarizes progress and discusses some related problems in this field. Some requirements for observation system have been proposed to improve monitoring level. As a case observation using the reformed observation system in Jinghai seismologic station, Tianjin, some results are given.  相似文献   

日本Ms9.0地震前的重力高频扰动     

刘子维  韦进  郝洪涛  吴云龙  李辉 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(2):4-8

选取中国重力台网14台gPhone弹簧重力仪组成2个观测剖面,对日本本州东海岸附近海域Ms9.0特大地震前（3月1日至10日）的观测数据进行了分析。结果表明：沿海各台站统一出现了喇叭口状的“重力异常扰动”现象,且扰动异常随震中距的增加呈衰减趋势。  相似文献   

塔里木河干流径流损耗及其人类活动影响强度变化   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

陈忠升  陈亚宁  李卫红  陈亚鹏 《地理学报》2011,66(1):89-98

依据塔里木河干流1957-2008 年的年径流量监测数据,计算出干流年径流损耗量,利用线性回归法,对干流年径流损耗量时间序列变化趋势进行分析,建立影响径流损耗的社会经济指标体系,运用层次分析法和权重加权法剖析人类活动影响强度变化趋势,并探讨人为径流损耗的主要原因。研究结果表明：① 近50 多年来,塔河干流年径流损耗量表现出递减变化趋势,但上、中、下游存在差异,上游增加显著,增速约为2.09×10⁸ m³/10a,而中、下游递减趋势显著,减速分别为1.61×10⁸ m³/10a 和2.30×10⁸ m³/10a;② 干流来水量与径流损耗量之间呈明显的正相关,R² = 0.9996,可认为来水量减少是诱发径流损耗量减少的直接原因;③ 人类活动强度指数与人为径流损耗量之间亦呈显著的正相关,R² = 0.9822,说明自20 世纪70 年代中期开始,随着人类活动强度的逐渐增大,人类活动对径流损耗的干扰就处于一个扩大和加重的过程;④ 人口增长、产业结构调整、居民对物质经济的追求等社会经济活动是引起人为径流损耗量增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

电力隧道超大直径顶管施工扰动特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁文其  袁森林  高小庆  谢东武 《岩土力学》2010,31(9):2901-2906

由于顶管工程在经济方面的优势以及控制周围环境水平的提升,而得到广泛应用,但目前顶管扰动特性方面的研究多数限于中小顶管,未考虑超大直径顶管的特殊性。对上海世博电力电缆隧道顶管施工进行了现场监测,并主要分析了水-土压力变化曲线,测试结果反映了超大直径顶管顶进5阶段的扰动特性。工程经验表明,超大直径长距离顶进成功的主要作用因素有3个：泥浆套作用、开挖面控制和姿态动态调整。最后对泥浆套在顶管中的形成过程以及扰动作用机制进行了研究,泥浆套在注入、泥膜形成以及整体发挥作用的过程中具备填充、支承、隔阻、润滑等作用。  相似文献   

APPARENT RESISTIVITY TEMPORAL VARIATION CHARAC-TERISTICS AFFECTED BY THE FIXED DISTURBANCE SOURCE ON SURFACE OF MEASURING AREA          下载免费PDF全文

XIE Tao  LU Jun 《地震地质》2016,38(4):922-936

Current leakage,metallic conductor,and local anomalous resistivity body are main disturbance sources which affect the successive observation of apparent resistivity in stations,besides the observing system failure.We construct a finite element model using a 3-layered horizontal medium to discuss the dynamic characteristics of disturbances caused by metal conductor and local anomalous resistivity body in the measuring filed.The numerical results show that low resistivity source which is located in areas where the sensitivity coefficient is positive will cause decline on apparent resistivity observation.While low resistivity source will cause increase when it is located in areas where the sensitivity coefficient is negative.Disturbance caused by high resistivity source is opposite to the one from low resistivity source.The general dynamic feature of disturbance is that the disturbance amplitude increases as the resistivity of shallow layer decreases,while the amplitude declines when the shallow layer's resistivity increases.For the measuring direction which has normal annual variation form,low resistivity source which is located in area where the sensitivity coefficient is positive will increase the annual variation amplitude,while it will reduce annual amplitude when it is in a negative sensitivity coefficient area.Annual amplitude changes caused by high resistivity source are opposite to the changes caused by low resistivity source.For the measuring direction which has abnormal annual variation form,dynamic annual feature is opposite to the one in direction of normal annual variation form.If the dynamic feature is opposite to the annual variation and disturbance amplitude is also greater than annual amplitude,the annual variation will change direction.Disturbance amplitude from metallic conductor is affected by the resistivity and cross-section area,the lower of the resistivity and the larger of the cross-section area,the greater of the disturbance amplitude.  相似文献   

通河水位与延寿水位短临异常的映震特征     

孟令蕾  秦丽岩  孟令升  谭佳  李继业  任建辉 《防灾减灾学报》2016,(3):34-40

通过对通河地震台、延寿地震台多年水位数据的分析,发现通河地震台与延寿地震台水位对周边中强地震有一定的响应。统计了扰动异常与地震的对应关系,总结了通河、延寿水位几次扰动异常形态、特征、指标。通河地震台和延寿地震台水位出现扰动异常,且扰动成组出现,持续几个小时以上,最大振幅超过7mm,最大周期超过6min,异常结束后一个月之内在测井周边550公里范围内,有发生3.0级以上地震的可能,其扰动持续时间越长,震级越大。  相似文献   

隧道开挖对下伏水平薄煤层采空区地层的扰动及衬砌受荷特征     

符亚鹏  姚志刚  方勇  陈先国 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z1):117-125

为探明下伏薄煤层采空区地层中隧道施工对地层的扰动以及衬砌结构受荷特性,采用离散元颗粒流软件,从细观角度对隧道开挖引起的地层应力变化特性进行了模拟分析,同时在室内开展模型试验量测了下伏煤层采空区地层隧道衬砌背后土压力以及二次衬砌结构内力（轴力、弯矩）,分析了特定围压下间距对土压力和二次衬砌受力的影响。结果表明,下伏煤层采空区地层因隧道开挖引起的围岩松动区呈“O”形分布,隧道下伏围岩颗粒接触力反而小于隧道上覆围岩;洞周允许位移越大,颗粒接触力链间断区域越大;间距越小,颗粒接触力链间断区域越大,当间距大于2.0D（D为隧道跨度）时,下伏采空区对隧道围岩颗粒接触力影响逐渐消失,降低了地基反力,间距越小,降低程度越高;二次衬砌内力分布有一定的离散性,二次衬砌裂缝最先出现在拱底,是隧道主体结构的薄弱环节。  相似文献   

用同相叠加方法识别定点形变数据中的降雨影响     

杨学慧  常玉巧  李燕玲  应骁睿  杨海鹏  崔庆谷 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(10):936-940

分别以昆明台、云龙台为例,用数据同相位叠加的方法分别对形变数据中的典型图像及其对应时段的降雨数据进行叠加,以判断典型图像是否与降雨有关。结果表明,昆明台形变观测中多次出现的同步转折为降雨影响;而云龙台的转折现象则与降雨无关,其来源及属性需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

深埋硐室高围压条件下的围岩动力学响应          下载免费PDF全文

徐耀鉴  柒文英  曾凌方 《水文地质工程地质》2009,36(6):94-98

地下硐室开挖过程中,应力波对硐室周围围岩位移及其应力应变变化规律起着十分重要的作用,准确分析应力波对硐室围岩的影响规律,不仅可以作为检验施工设计的依据,而且可以预测预报围岩的稳定性和调整开挖方式、支护设计等,从而合理地指导施工。利用三维快速拉格郎日法(Flac3D有限元分析程序),以冬瓜山铜矿某破碎硐室为实例,在硐室围岩模型的上边界施加动力载荷,以模拟外界动力扰动对硐室围岩稳定性的影响,再通过加载峰值,来考察动载强度对硐室围岩的影响,得出了硐室围岩在不同时刻的应力和塑性区分布情况。研究表明:当扰动应力波来自硐室围岩竖直方向时,其对硐室拱顶和底板围岩的稳定性影响较大;当扰动应力波来自硐室围岩水平方向时,其对硐室侧壁围岩的稳定性影响较大。  相似文献