裂隙-管道介质泉流域水文地质模拟试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

束龙仓  范建辉  鲁程鹏  张春艳  唐然 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(3):908-917

为了深入认识岩溶泉流域的流量过程影响因素和作用机制,以西南岩溶泉流域水文地质概念模型为原型,建立了实验室尺度下的裂隙-管道介质物理模型和数值模型。选取补给雨强、泉口直径、落水洞与开采井的位置作为影响因子,模拟了泉流量过程。试验结果表明:单次降水试验可以观测得到泉流量增加、平稳波动和衰减共三个阶段;同一泉口直径条件下,补给强度对泉流量衰减系数的影响极小,直径为3,4,5,7 mm的泉口直径对应的衰减系数分别为0.003 6,0.006 7,0.011 5,0.012 9,泉口直径与衰减系数呈近似对数关系;落水洞汇流水量占泉流量的比例远大于裂隙;2~3 mm是微小裂隙与较大裂隙的过渡区域,两种类型的介质泉流量过程差异明显;开采井分别位于泉口附近、模型中间位置和落水洞时,泉流量衰减系数依次减小。  相似文献   

The contribution of aeolian processes to fluvial sediment yield from a desert watershed in the Ordos Plateau,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Wanquan Ta  Haibin Wang  Xiaopeng Jia 《水文研究》2015,29(1):80-89

In arid zones, many active aeolian dunes terminate at ephemeral and perennial desert rivers. The desert rivers show very high rates of sediment transport that cause deleterious downstream effects on the river system and ecology. High sediment loading has been attributed to severe water erosion of sparsely covered watersheds during infrequent but heavy rainfall. Although aeolian erosion is known to lead to high rates of wind‐blown sand transport, direct confirmation of whether the aeolian processes accelerate or inhibit fluvial sediment loss is lacking. Here, we show that an aeolian‐fluvial cycling process is responsible for the high rate of suspended sediment transport in a Sudalaer ephemeral desert channel in the Ordos Plateau of China. Frequent aeolian processes, but low frequency (once every 3 years on average) flooding, occur in this region. Wind‐blown saltating grains appeared to be unable to cross the desert channel because of interruption of channel‐induced recirculating air flow, and therefore tended to settle in the channel during the windy seasons, leading to channel narrowing. During flooding, this narrowed channel was found to yield a threefold increase in suspended sediment loading and a 3.4‐fold increase in the weight percentage of the 0.08–0.2 mm sediment fraction on 18 July 2012. Loss of stored aeolian sand due to channel erosion accounted for about half of the total sediment yield in this watershed. These findings show that aeolian processes play an essential role in accelerating the sediment yield from a watershed characterized by aeolian‐fluvial interplay and also suggest that the drier the region and the greater the aeolian process, the more the aeolian process contributes to fluvial sediment yield. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

连续压实管理系统的研究和应用优势     

林国利  陆永明  程经纬 《测绘通报》2017,(6):114

针对土方填筑过程中压实度的监控需求,综合高精度GNSS卫星定位技术和连续压实控制技术,研发了能够实现全过程监控的压实管理系统,介绍了整个压实管理系统的组成和各个子系统的功能,然后从所有子系统协同工作的作业流程上展现了管理系统的整体性。在碾压这一核心子系统中,通过压实工艺指标监控和压实质量指标监控,能够有效地控制压实作业的施工质量。连续压实管理系统能够对土方工程进行全过程实时监控和管理,是BIM系统在土方压实工程中的重大尝试,具有重大的应用前景和优势。  相似文献   

地理国情普查质量控制体系构建及效果分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张继贤  赵有松  罗伏军  党宇 《测绘通报》2017,(7):72-75

地理国情普查是采用空间化的方法反映自然要素与人文要素的空间分布、基本特征及其相互关系,为政府提升宏观决策的科学性及优化各类资源的配置提供依据。完善的质量控制体系是获取真实、准确、可靠的地理国情成果的有力保障。本文介绍了地理国情普查质量控制体系设计出发点、内容及其效果,对未来开展地理国情常态化监测的质量控制具有一定借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Seepage simulation using pipe network flow model in a discrete element system     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

The pipe network flow model can simulate the seepage process with DEM conveniently because of its simple algorithm. However, whether it can recover the correct seepage process has not been verified. In this paper, the equation to update the fluid pressure is rebuilt according to the flow conservation. Through the steady seepage simulation, this algorithm is verified to be able to recover Darcy’s law, and the equation to calibrate the aperture according to macro permeability is derived. Furthermore, the modified algorithm is used to simulate the unsteady seepage process, and the results show good agreement with the analytical solutions.  相似文献   

Multi‐slicing strategy for the three‐dimensional discontinuity layout optimization (3D DLO)          下载免费PDF全文

Yiming Zhang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(4):488-507

Discontinuity layout optimization (DLO) is a recently presented topology optimization method for determining the critical layout of discontinuities and the associated upper bound limit load for plane two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional (3D) problems. The modelling process (pre‐processing) for DLO includes defining the discontinuities inside a specified domain and building the target function and the global constraint matrix for the optimization solver, which has great influence on the the efficiency of the computation processes and the reliability of the final results. This paper focuses on efficient and reliable pre‐processing of the discontinuities within the 3D DLO and presents a multi‐slicing strategy, which naturally avoids the overlapping and crossing of different discontinuities. Furthermore, the formulation of the 3D discontinuity considering a shape of an arbitrary convex polygon is introduced, permitting the efficient assembly of the global constraint matrix. The proposed method eliminates unnecessary discontinuities in 3D DLO, making it possible to apply 3D DLO for solving large‐scale engineering problems such as those involving landslides. Numerical examples including a footing test, a 3D landslide and a punch indentation are considered, illustrating the effectiveness of the presented method. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸土壤水分入渗变化研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

朱美壮  王根绪  肖瑶  胡兆永  宋春林  黄克威 《冰川冻土》2017,39(6):1316-1325

在多年冻土区典型坡面上,将坡面划分为坡下（L）、坡中（M）和坡顶（H）三个坡位,每个坡位上各选取92%、60%和30%植被盖度为研究对象,用双环入渗仪测定土壤水分入渗过程,对影响土壤入渗过程的环境因子进行了分析,并基于土壤物理特性及土壤水分的测定进行模型模拟。结果表明：研究区不同植被盖度下土壤水分入渗性能在活动层冻融过程中差异明显,初始含水量和初始入渗率具有较好的负相关关系;稳定入渗率大小为：活动层融化期,92%（0.61 mm·min^-1） > 60%（0.50 mm·min^-1） > 30%（0.29 mm·min^-1）;活动层开始冻结期,60%（0.56 mm·min^-1） > 30%（0.39 mm·min^-1） > 92%（0.26 mm·min^-1）。土壤水分入渗速率具有显著的坡位差异并与冻土的冻融循环过程关系紧密。主要表现为,稳定入渗速率随坡位高度的降低依次递减;同一坡位下,开始冻结期入渗速率小于融化期。在整个入渗阶段,坡顶的累积入渗量是最大的,体现了较好的入渗性能。影响高寒草甸土壤水分入渗的环境因子主要有容重,有机质含量及粒径<0.1 mm微粒。通过比较研究得出,在长江源地区,活动层融化期通用经验模型f（t）=a+bt^-n更适用于该研究区域高寒草甸土壤水分入渗过程的研究,而在开始冻结期Horton模型f（t）=i_c+（i₀-i_c）e^-kt则具有更好的适用性。  相似文献   

地震多属性拟合技术在粗粒扇体沉积相图编制中的应用--以玛131井区百口泉组二段为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

姚宗全  于兴河  高阳  马聪  王进  黄丁杰  孙乐  瞿建华 《沉积学报》2017,35(2):371-382

由于砾岩岩石类型复杂,储层非均质性强,难以建立地震属性与储层之间的一一对应关系,导致应用地震属性常常具有不确定性和多解性。为了克服单一属性反映粗粒沉积展布的片面性,同类属性间相关信息的彼此干扰性,地震相预测扇体分布的盲目性,针对性的提出了基于地震多属性拟合技术编制粗粒扇体沉积相图的方法:1）建立岩性识别图版;2）属性优化与线性逐步回归拟合含砂砾率;3）均方根振幅属性正态分布约束砂体边界;4）应用拟合含砂砾率等值线图,结合岩相和测井相编制粗粒扇体沉积相图。并将该方法用于玛131井区百口泉组二段的沉积研究中,为研究粗粒扇体沉积提供了新的思路,为玛湖滚动勘探及井位论证提供了可靠地质依据。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组超低渗透油藏形成过程分析--以古峰庄-麻黄山地区为例     

屈雪峰  温德顺  张龙  崔争锋  张瀚丹  马静 《沉积学报》2017,35(2):383-392

鄂尔多斯盆地古峰庄-麻黄山地区长6、长8超低渗透油藏具有典型性和代表性。通过流体包裹体均一温度与沉积埋藏史-热史综合分析表明,古峰庄-麻黄山地区长6、长8油藏为一期成藏,成藏时间为早白垩世。成藏过程中,长7油源成藏早期向长8单向充注,成藏中期向长6、长8双向充注,成藏后期则向长6单向充注。成藏过程的这种动态变化主要由源储距离及其垂向组合关系、油源岩生烃高峰、储层边致密边成藏等成藏要素联合作用控制。  相似文献   

森林冠层影响降雪截留过程的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

肖洋  张淑兰  宋国华 《水科学进展》2017,28(3):462-471

森林冠层对降雪的截留和冠层截留雪的蒸发/升华、散落释放、融化滴落等过程显著影响了北方森林区域的水文循环,开展森林冠层对降雪截留过程影响的研究对于季节性积雪森林区域的气候变化、森林经营、森林火灾以及植被演替具有重要的科学意义。对当前的森林冠层影响降雪截留过程的观测方法和理论机制进行了深入探讨和总结,并针对现有研究中缺乏林分尺度和水平过程的研究等问题,提出了引入遥感技术等先进的研究方法以及开展多尺度、多过程和多因素的交叉研究是今后研究中的重点方向。  相似文献