京津冀城市生长和形态的径向维数分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张凤  陈彦光  李晓松 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):65-76

城市生长与形态是地理学规模与形状研究的重要内容,分维则是刻画城市形态、反映城市生长的标度指数。论文以城市建设用地为研究对象,采用2000、2005、2010年3个年份的遥感数据,利用分形理论的径向维数和相应的标度区概念分析京津冀城市和城镇体系的空间格局及其演变特征。结果表明：其一,北京市第一标度区的范围最大,10 a间增长幅度也最大,对周边城市产生阴影效应;其二,以北京为中心,距离越远,第一标度区范围有越小的趋势;其三,几乎所有研究区内城市的第一标度区空间都被建设用地过度填充,外围则各有特色;其四,经济水平对京津冀整体城市建设用地扩张的影响最大,但北京的城市建设用地扩张已经由经济因素主导转变为人口因素主导;其五,随时间推移,第一标度区拟合径向维数效果提高,第二标度区拟合效果降低。由此得出结论：①北京在京津冀体现了城市首位效应和阴影效应的双重效应。一方面,京津冀地区城镇化区域体现出了以北京为核心的中央集聚特征,另一方面,北京市的巨大吸引力抑制了毗邻城市的生长。②城市中心和外围都出现二元化格局。地区内各个城市的中心部分过于紧凑,而外围则相对凌乱,中心-边缘缺乏一体化过程。③人口可能成为未来京津冀城市发展的第一动力。人口集聚的规模效应未来可能替代经济报酬递增效应。这些结果和结论有助于学术界和管理部门从新的角度认识京津冀城市化现状和未来的发展趋势,以便制定更为合理的城市发展政策和方针。  相似文献   

Aeolian sand transport at the Lanphere Dunes,Northern California     

Mitchell S. Craig 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(3):239-253

Aeolian sand transport was studied at the Lanphere Dunes, a coastal dune complex in northern California, by comparing slipface advance rates with transport predicted based on local wind data. The slipfaces of a 2·5 m high transverse ridge and 10 m high parabolic dune were monitored over a period of three months to estimate sand discharge. The study was performed during the dry season, which has the maximum sand‐driving potential. Over the three month study period, average sand discharge was 12·5 m³ per m width per year at the transverse ridge and 8·8 m³ per m width per year at the parabolic dune. A method was developed for modelling slipfaces that are sinuous and where sediment transport rates are not constant across the width of the slipface. Field measurements were used to generate three‐dimensional representations of dune slipfaces. Periodic measurements over the course of three months were used to compute the volume of displaced sediment. Theoretical sand transport was computed from local wind data using the Bagnold model and compared with the observed transport rates. Predicted rates were substantially lower than observed rates. Wind velocities rarely exceeded the threshold velocity. Discrepancies between the observed and predicted values appear to be caused by a combination of wind data recording procedures and differences between wind velocities at the anemometer location and the site where sand transport was measured. Wind data collected by weather bureaux have been utilized in numerous studies for modelling sediment transport. Such data typically have sample intervals of one hour or greater and are often averaged prior to reporting. The effect of averaging was investigated by comparing sand transport estimates based on daily average wind velocities with those based on the original hourly observations. The daily average data were depleted of high velocity winds and sand transport estimates were accordingly much lower than those based on the hourly data. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变(英文)     

和玉芳  程和琴  陈吉余 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(2):219-230

The mouth bar in the Yangtze estuarine waterways has a significant influence on navigational transport within the estuary,flood discharge and construction of the Shanghai Port.In this paper the morphological evolution and mechanisms of mouth bar formation of the Yangtze estuarine waterways are studied by analyzing hundreds of years of historical data and the latest profile maps of some or the main mouth bar channels in the Yangtze Estuary.The results are shown as follows:The mouth bars in the North Branch have moved gradually from outside the mouth to the inside and formed a huge sand bar.In the North Channel,the head of the mouth bar has migrated about 30 kilometers downstream,and a channel bar has been developing since 2001.Two mouth bar tops,which always existed in the North Passage,disappeared in 2010.The head of the mouth bar in the South Passage has migrated downstream about 14 km and the number of tops increased at first but is reduced to only one now.According to the results,we can conclude that the evolution of the mouth bars differs depending on their location.In the North Branch it is directly related to large-scale reclamation in Chongming Island,but in the North Passage it has a close relationship with regulation of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel.However,the evolution of mouth bars in the North Channel and South Passage is not only connected with the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Regulation Project,but also with the reclamation in the East Hengsha Shoal and the closure of the Qingcaosha Reservoir.  相似文献   

托普台区块高渗透地层随钻堵漏剂配方优化          下载免费PDF全文

田建东  于培志  牟福权 《探矿工程》2015,42(7):10-13

托普台区块上部地层以砂泥岩层、砾质砂岩为主,容易发生漏点不明确、漏失段长的高渗透性漏失。通过对堵漏材料的配伍性评价及合理级配,优选出了一种适合高渗透性漏失地层的随钻堵漏剂。该堵漏剂对钻井液流变性影响小,可降低钻井液API滤失量,对沙床封堵后承压能力＞10 MPa,在TP328X井的应用表明,高强度弹性石墨颗粒复合凝胶堵漏对于高压差、高渗透漏失的工况,可以有效封堵漏层,特别适用于对于漏层不明、漏涌同层、裸眼等复杂井况。  相似文献   

黄河水沙变化趋势及成因分析     

高宗军  冯国平 《地下水》2020,(1):147-151

自2000年以来,黄河中上游河道非汛期出现变清趋势,黄河呈现"枯水枯沙"的新水沙特征。本文依据黄河干、支流24个主要水文控制站1950-2016年实测水沙资料,采用数理统计法和趋势分析法,分析了60多年来黄河干、支流水沙变化趋势及其影响因素。结果表明:(1) 1950-2016年黄河干、支流各站年均径流量、年均输沙量和年均含沙量随时间总体呈减小趋势,其中2000-2016年(Ⅲ时段)各站年均输沙量和年均含沙量降幅最大。(2) 1950-2016年黄河中游流域干、支流各站年均中数粒径随时间呈减小趋势,黄河水沙状况枯丰期差异显著,但随时间呈减弱趋势。(3)黄河水沙变化是自然因素和人类活动综合作用的结果,近年来黄河中游河道变清是泥沙锐减造成的,其中水保措施、水库工程、河道采砂及流域调水调沙引水引沙是主因,且人类活动影响的比重逐渐增大。  相似文献   

孤南洼陷孤南30井沙三段岩石地层特征与有利储集层研究     

王丽颖  李学森 《四川地质学报》2020,40(1):15-18,25

本文以岩石学及沉积学为理论指导,以孤南30井沙三段的岩心、钻井、测井、录井、试油等资料为基础,对孤南30井沙河街组沙三段岩石地层的划分展开了研究,并寻找其有利储集层。研究表明:孤南30井沙河街组沙三段主要发育河流和湖泊两种类型沉积相,可分为4个砂层组,10个小层;沙三段中下部沉积水体较深,泥岩与砂岩互层,砂体含量增高,有利于形成良好的储集层,又发育有厚层灰质油泥岩,形成了较好的生储盖圈闭。  相似文献   

Influence of vegetation cover on sand transport by wind: field studies at Owens Lake,California     

Nicholas Lancaster  Andy Baas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1998,23(1):69-82

Field studies conducted at Owens Lake, California, provide direct measurements of sand flux on sand sheets with zero to 20 per cent cover of salt grass. Results from 12 different sand transport events show that aerodynamic roughness length and threshold wind shear velocity increase with vegetation cover as measured by vertically projected cover and roughness density (λ). This results in a negative exponential decrease in sediment flux with increasing vegetation cover such that sand transport is effectively eliminated when the vertically projected cover of salt grass is greater than 15 per cent. A general empirical model for the relation between sand flux and vegetation cover has been derived and can be used to predict the amount of vegetation required to stabilize sand dune areas. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Non-synchronous records of Holocene aeolian sand deposition and landscape stability at adjacent lake-side sites in the Falkland Islands,South Atlantic: a caution     

Peter Wilson 《第四纪科学杂志》1998,13(6):569-572

Lithostratigraphical interpretation and ¹⁴C dating of adjacent lake-side sedimentary sequences at the Sulivan House lakes, West Falkland, indicate between-site non-synchronous records of Holocene aeolian sand deposition and landscape stability. It is inferred that the sands are associated with deflation of exposed sandy shorelines at times of lower lake levels, whereas stability phases are characterised by peat formation and/or organic matter incorporation into sand horizons at times of ‘normal’ lake levels. The data imply that a cautious approach to interpretation of lake-side sediments may be warranted if the purpose is to use lake-level changes and aeolian — non-aeolian interbeds as proxy indicators of regional climatic signals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

岛礁吹填珊瑚砂力学行为与颗粒破碎特性试验研究     

吴杨  崔杰  李能  王星  吴毅航  郭舒洋 《岩土力学》2020,41(10):3181-3191

珊瑚砂是岛礁陆域吹填唯一的材料,因其特殊的海洋生物成因和孔隙结构特征,珊瑚砂颗粒在常规工程应力水平下就会发生破碎。通过对取自南海某吹填岛礁的珊瑚砂开展室内三轴固结排水剪切试验,研究珊瑚砂强度、变形参数和颗粒破碎程度随相对密实度、围压的演变规律,并与其他研究成果中的南海珊瑚砂强度参数进行对比分析。研究结果表明：珊瑚砂应变软化及剪胀特征随有效围压的增大、密实度的减小而逐渐减弱;在常规应力范围内,得到珊瑚砂峰值摩擦角和临界状态摩擦角的取值范围分别为33o～58o和28o～47o,且均随有效围压的增大而减小;建立了珊瑚砂割线模量E50与相对密实度、有效围压间的关系式;珊瑚砂峰值摩擦角与修正相对破碎指数Br*间的关系可用指数为负数的幂函数关系式拟合,且当颗粒破碎程度较高时,峰值摩擦角随修正相对破碎指数的增大而减小的趋势变缓;珊瑚砂修正相对破碎指数随塑性功的增大近似以双曲线的形式增长,密实度对两者间的关系影响不大。该研究成果可为南海岛礁基础设施的安全设计提供参考。  相似文献   

Radial Permeability Measurements for Shale Using Variable Pressure Gradients     

FAN Kunkun  SUN Renyuan  Derek ELSWORTH  DONG Mingzhe  LI Yajun  YIN Congbin  LI Yanchao  CHEN Zhongwei  WANG Chunguang 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):269-279

Shale gas is becoming an important component of the global energy supply, with permeability a critical controlling factor for long-term gas production. Obvious deviation may exist between helium permeability determined using small pressure gradient(SPG) methods and methane permeability obtained under actual field production with variable pressure gradients(VPG). In order to more accurately evaluate the matrix permeability of shale, a VPG method using real gas(rather than He) is established to render permeability measurements that are more representative of reservoir conditions and hence response. Dynamic methane production experiments were performed to measure permeability using the annular space in the shale cores. For each production stage, boundary pressure is maintained at a constant and the gas production with time is measured on the basis of volume change history in the measuring pump. A mathematical model explicitly accommodating gas desorption uses pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time to accommodate the effects of variations in pressuredependent PVT parameters. Analytical and semi-analytical solutions to the model are obtained and discussed. These provide a convenient approach to estimate radial permeability in the core by nonlinear fitting to match the semi-analytical solution with the recorded gas production data. Results indicate that the radial permeability of the shale determined using methane is in the range of 1×10-6– 1×10-5 mD and decreases with a decrease in average pore pressure. This is contrary to the observed change in permeability estimated using helium. Bedding geometry has a significant influence on shale permeability with permeability in parallel bedding orientation larger than that in perpendicular bedding orientation. The superiority of the VPG method is confirmed by comparing permeability test results obtained from both VPG and SPG methods. Although several assumptions are used, the results obtained from the VPG method with reservoir gas are much closer to reality and may be directly used for actual gas production evaluation and prediction, through accommodating realistic pressure dependent impacts.  相似文献