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N. H. McCarter 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):551-559
The diet of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (S. gairdnerii) was studied in specimens from Lake Benmore, a deep, oligo‐trophic lake in South Island, New Zealand. Between November and July, both species fed mainly on small molluscs (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Physa sp., and Gyraulus corinna) gleaned from the littoral weed beds. Energy values for the three species of mollusc were determined: P. antipodarum, 6000 J g‐1; G. corinna, 5500 J g‐1; Physa sp., 9800 J g‐1. Potamopyrgus antipodarum yielded little energy to the fish, unless its shell broke during passage through the gut. Physa sp. was the most profitable mollusc, irrespective of shell breakage and Potamopyrgus antipodanim the least profitable. The mean energy value per snail for G. corinna and Physa sp. eaten by rainbow trout was 25–30% less than for snails eaten by brown trout, possibly because rainbow trout ingested empty shells from the sediment surface. Rainbow trout extracted about 20% more energy than brown trout from unbroken shells. In July, 84% of the brown trout switched to predation of common bullies, Gobio‐morphus cotidianus, probably as a result of bully reproductive behaviour. Rainbow trout did not show the same change, apparently because they were feeding in deeper water where few bullies were available. The low‐energy diet and its possible connection with growth rate are discussed. 相似文献
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Sediment resuspension during and after mechanical excavation of macrophytes may have a significant impact on resident fish populations. Unfortunately, little is known about the influence of this sediment on the respiratory performance and feeding abilities of fishes in New Zealand waterways. We examined the effects of suspended sediment (SS) concentrations previously observed after a large-scale macrophyte removal operation on oxygen consumption (MO2) and feeding rates of brown trout (Salmo trutta). MO2 at 0 mg L?1, 150 mg L?1, 300 mg L?1, 450 mg L?1 and 600 mg L?1 of SS was measured using semi-closed respirometry. Feeding rates at the same SS concentrations were also measured using laboratory tank experiments. Results suggest that SS concentrations up to 600 mg L?1 have no effect on MO2. Conversely, feeding rates were significantly reduced at 450 mg L?1 (22% reduction) and 600 mg L?1 (31% reduction), indicating that sediment concentrations above 450 mg L?1 may negatively affect brown trout populations. 相似文献
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The movements of 92 adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Lake Taupo into the Tongariro River, New Zealand, were monitored using radio‐telemetry every 3 days during the main spawning period between May and November 2003. This study repeated one previously conducted in 1995. Differences in spawning site preference and resting locations between 1995 and 2003 probably reflect differences in the nature of the river as a result of major natural floods that occurred in 1998. Average migration times were slower than in 1995 and the correlation between flow and mean daily movement was less distinct owing to the dry and settled weather during July and August, although fish did respond to freshets when they occurred. Peak movement occurred between 1600 and 2000 h NZ Standard Time with no movement occurring between midnight and 0400. Fish adjusted their movement in response to changing photoperiod. Nineteen fish were observed above the mouths of natal tributary streams for several weeks in the main river stem before entering these tributaries. 相似文献
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壳寡糖对虹鳟幼鱼肠道菌群影响的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究壳寡糖对虹鳟幼鱼肠道菌群的影响。以5 g左右的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼为实验对象,在其饲料中分别添加浓度为20 mg.kg-1(COS20组),40 mg.kg-1(COS40组),60 mg.kg-1(COS60组)的壳寡糖,另设1组不加壳寡糖的对照组(COS0组)。在养殖56 d后,对肠道菌群的数量、组成,利用壳寡糖作为惟一碳源的肠道细菌以及虹鳟幼鱼抗嗜水气单胞菌感染情况进行了检测。结果显示,各组虹鳟幼鱼肠内细菌的总数之间没有显著差异(p>0.05),但各组的肠道优势菌有所变化:COS20组的为棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium),COS40组的为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和气单胞菌属(Aeromonas),而COS60组和COS0组的虽然均为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),但在比例上有差异,而且各实验组肠道菌群的多样性降低,肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)减少或消失了,说明壳寡糖对虹鳟幼鱼肠道菌群的组成产生了影响。另外,各实验组能够利用壳寡糖作为惟一碳源的菌株数量多于对照组,尤其是COS40组和COS60组,这种差异表明,能够利用壳寡糖作为惟一碳源的菌株数量受到壳寡糖及其浓度的影响。抗感染实验结果表明,壳寡糖能够提高虹鳟幼鱼抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力。 相似文献
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W. Steffens Th. Mattheis M. Riedel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(3):173-178
Effluents from brown coal mines are frequently rich in iron, the water being red-brown in colour and turbid. For several years a fish farm in the Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany) has used such mine effluents for rearing rainbow trout. The total iron content of this water varies between 5 and 10 mg/l with pH ranging from 6.7 to 7.4. Water turbidity is high with a transparency of 10 to 40 cm at the most due to the substantial ferric hydroxide concentrations. Until 1989 trout have been reared in net cages within concrete settling basins destined for settling the ferric hydroxide mud. The cages were stocked with fingerlings in autumn, reaching portion size in the spring of the following year. Specific growth rate was 0.98% per day, comparable to that of trout in another farm unpolluted by iron but stocked at higher densities. The results show that fingerling rainbow trout may live in water containing more than 5 mg/l total iron but in the absence of Fe2+. These concentrations of water-borne iron seem to have only a limited detrimental effect on fish growth and feed conversion and do not prevent trout culture in principle. 相似文献
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