古新统─始新统界线与事件沉积     

刘志飞  王成善 《地质科技情报》1995,(4)

深海钻探揭示的古新统—始新统界线上许多全球性变化引起了地质学家的普遍关注。这些变化包括：岩性上从海绿石石英砂岩变化到粘土岩、粘土矿物组合从伊利石／蒙脱石为主变化为高岭石为主、大陆植物群的绝灭和迁移、钙质超微化石物种更新速度加快、底栖有孔虫绝灭和分异度降低、碳氧同位素强烈负异常、大陆哺乳动物演化发生变化、大气环流强度减弱、海洋环流模式改变、海平面上升、海底热液活动呈１～２个数量级加强。通过对古新世—始新世的地层沉积学、古生物学、古气候学和古海洋学研究，确认古新统—始新统地层界线是全球构造事件的结果，表现为全球板块边界重组、扩张中心和转换断层模式改变、海底热液活动呈１～２个数量级加强。  相似文献   

Time effects on dynamic soil properties under random excitation conditions     

F. Amini 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1995,14(6):439-443

Two types of clayey soils, a kaolinite and a bentonite, were tested using a resonant column apparatus under random excitation conditions. The concept of root mean square (rms) strain was utilized for the purpose of strain calculations during random loading. The conventional estimator of the transfer function was used for random vibration analysis. The effect of confinement duration (at a constant pressure) on dynamic soil properties, namely damping and shear modulus, was evaluated. The results indicate that for both cohesive soils, the effect of time was less pronounced during random vibration than sinusoidal loading at the same rms strain. This effect is however more pronounced when the peak shearing strain of sinusoidal loading is considered. Furthermore, time effects were more pronounced at low strain levels than at high strain levels.  相似文献   

结构模糊随机可靠度的实用计算方法   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

王光远  刘玉彬 《地震工程与工程振动》1995,15(3):38-46

本文以模糊随机变量为基本变量，定义了结构的模糊随机功能函数，分析了结构有效状态与失效状态之间的模糊性，建立了结构的模糊随机极限状态方程。利用序关系给出单失效模式结构的模糊安全准则，讨论了ａ－约束水平条件下单失效模式结构的失效概率、可靠度及可靠指标，进而得出结构的模糊随机失效概率、模糊随机可靠度及模糊可靠指标等。本文给出的具体计算方法和目前设计规范中彩的方法是相对应的。  相似文献   

Non-stationary random seismic responses of non-uniform beams     

Jiahao Lin  Guizhen Song  Yong Sun  F. W. Williams 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1995,14(4)

In this paper, a direct Ritz method is presented for analysing the responses of non-uniform shear beams subjected to the action of an evolutionary random seismic excitation. Because of the use of a pseudo ground acceleration, time-dependent random responses can conveniently be calculated by solving a set of deterministic equations of motion. These responses include power spectral densities, variances and higher spectral moments of any required responses of the beam. A non-uniform beam example was solved and the time-dependent variances and second spectral moments of both the beam-top displacement and the beam-base shear force are given to show the simplicity and effectiveness of the method, which can also easily be applied to other continuous elastic structures.  相似文献   

Transport and sedimentation of particles in a fluid flow     

J. Gani  P. Todorovic 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1987,1(3):209-216

A simple two-dimensional random walk model is developed for the motion of a particle in a fluid flow. Some earlier results for the persistent injection of particles into the flow are extended, and the distribution of the maximum number of particles in suspension over the period (0,t) is derived.  相似文献   

多维地震动各方向相关性对拱坝动应力的影响     

吴健  金峰  徐艳杰 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(2):50-54

本文将随机振动的虚拟激励法与拱坝-地基动力相互作用FE-BE-IBE时域模型结合，发展了一个可以考虑多维随机地震动作用下的拱坝动力响应计算模型，并用Monte Garlo方法对模型进行了验证，计算结果表明，地震动分量的相关性对结构的动力响应存在一定影响，合理考虑地震动各方向分量的相关性可以更好地计算实际地震作用下的拱坝动力响应。  相似文献   

水盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植被空间分异规律的定量分析   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

贺强  崔保山  赵欣胜  付华龄  熊雄  冯光海 《湿地科学》2007,5(3):208-214

三角洲湿地植被的形成和分布同时受水深、土壤含盐量两个环境因子的作用。采用模糊数学排序方法分析了黄河三角洲湿地植被在水深、土壤含盐量两个环境梯度下的空间分异规律。结果表明,由TWINSPAN划分而得到的8个植被类型在模糊数学排序图中有各自的分布范围,界线明显。以穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spica-tum)等水生植物为优势种的群落分布在排序图的左上部,为黄河三角洲湿地高水深、低盐分地区;以柽柳(Tam-arix chinensis)、翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)等典型盐生植物为优势种的群落分布在排序图的右下部,为黄河三角洲的低水深、高盐分地区;其他以芦苇(Phragmites australis)、荻(Triarrhena sacchariflora)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)等为优势种的群落分布在排序图的中部。利用Gini-Simpson指数,在模糊数学排序图中分析了植物物种多样性随水深、土壤含盐量梯度的空间变化,结果表明,高水深、低盐分和低水深、高盐分地区植物物种多样性均较低,而二者过渡区域植物物种多样性较高。  相似文献   

Non-stationary random vibrations of a shear beam under high frequency seismic effects     

Zbigniew Zembaty   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(11):1000-1011

Band-limited, non-stationary random vibrations of a shear beam are studied in order to investigate high frequency seismic effects on building structures. A solution for the evolutionary spectral density of the shear beam response to a time segment of band-limited white noise is given in a closed form. The root mean square (rms) and peak response of the shear beam are studied for two characteristic frequency bands: the conventional 1–4 Hz and higher frequency 4–16 Hz, characteristic for rockburst ground motion. Applying the criterion of equal excitation intensity with constant rms velocity, both responses are analyzed in detail and compared. The “switching off” fundamental mode for high frequency excitations results in characteristic overshoot of the stationary response level by the non-stationary rms response and an amplification of the response in the upper part of the shear beam.  相似文献   

High-resolution climate variability of southwest China during 57-70 ka reflected in a stalagmite δ18O record from Xinya Cave   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li TingYong  Yuan DaoXian  Li HongChun  Yang Yan  Wang JianLi  Wang XinYa  Li JunYun  Qin JiaMing  Zhang MeiLiang  Lin YuShi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(8):1202-1208

A 26-cm-long stalagmite (XY2) from Xinya Cave in northeastern Chongqing of China has been ICP-MS ²³⁰Th/U dated, showing a depositional hiatus at 2.3 cm depth from the top. The growth of the 2.3–26 cm interval determined by four dates was between 57 ka and 70 ka, with a linear growth rate of 0.023 mm/a. We have analyzed 190 samples for δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C, mostly in the 2.3–26 cm part. The δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C values between 57 ka and 70 ka reveal decadal-to-centennial climatic variability during the glacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4), exhibiting much higher resolution than that of the published Hulu and Dongge records during this interval. Speleothem δ ¹⁸O in eastern China, including our study area can be used as a proxy of summer monsoon strength, with lighter values pointing to stronger summer monsoon and higher precipitation, and vice versa. Two decreases in the δ ¹⁸O signature of XY2 record around 59.5 and 64.5 Ka are argued to correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 17 and 18 respectively. The Heinrich event 6 (H6) can be identified in the record as a heavy δ ¹⁸O peak around 60 ka, indicating significant weakening of the monsoon in Chongqing during the cold period. The XY2 δ ¹⁸O record shows very rapid change toward to the interstadial condition of the D-O event, but more gradual change toward to the cold stadial condition. This phenomenon found in the Greenland ice core records is rarely observed so clearly in previously published speleothem records. According to SPECMAP δ ¹⁸O record, the glacial maximum of MIS 4 was around 64.5 ka with the boundary of MIS 3/4 around 60 ka. Unlike the marine record, the speleothem record of XY2, China, exhibits much high frequency variations without an apparent glacial maximum during MIS 4. However, the timing of MIS 3/4 boundary seems to be around 60 ka when the H6 terminated, in agreement with the marine chronology. The growth period of sample XY2 during glacial times probably reflects a local karstic routing of water, rather than having climatic significance. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40672165, 90511004, 40672202) and the Academician Special Project of Chongqing Science Committee (Grant No. 2003-7835)  相似文献   

Effects of irrigation on CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes from Mongolian steppe soil     

Shigeru Mariko  Tadaaki Urano 《Journal of Hydrology》2007,333(1):118-123

  相似文献