Evaluating the influences of harvesting activity and eutrophication on loss of aquatic vegetations in Taihu Lake,China     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

A rapid degradation of aquatic vegetations in Taihu Lake has roused a wide attention in recent years. Giving large-scale harvesting activity on aquatic vegetation since 2012, whether water eutrophication or the human harvest activity induced the degradation remains controversial and unclear. In this study, based on Landsat and HJ-CCD data acquired from 1984 to 2016 and a 12-year field observation (2005–2016) of water quality, a method was proposed to quantitatively assess impacts of harvesting activity and water quality change on degradations of both floating-leaved aquatic vegetation (FAV) and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Taihu Lake. First, areas of FAV and SAV covers from 1984 to 2016 in Taihu Lake were mapped using the satellite data, and then the mapped areas were modified to those on a reference date by using phenological curves of FAV and SAV covers. Next, correlations between water quality data and FAV and SAV covers were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis based on the data before implementing the human harvesting activity (i.e., before 2012), and multiple general linear models were established based on the selected water quality variables with p-value <0.01 for estimating covers of FAV and SAV from 2012 to 2016. Finally, based on the predicted areas of FAV and SAV covers by the models and the modified areas mapped from satellite data, the influences of water eutrophication and the human harvesting activity on the degradation of FAV and SAV covers were quantitatively assessed. The results indicated that (1) FAV cover exhibited a significant increase from 1984 to 2011 and then a rapid decrease, while SAV cover increased significantly before 2003 and then obviously declined; (2) water level (WL) and total nitrogen (TN) showed significantly negative correlations with FAV and SAV covers, while secchi disk depth (SDD) and SDD/WL had significantly positive correlations with FAV and SAV covers; (3) the human harvesting activity made a major contribution to the loss of FAV cover, and the degradation of SAV cover was mainly due to an increased lake eutrophication and deteriorated underwater light environment. The findings derived from this study could offer a guidance for Taihu Lake ecological restoration and effective management.  相似文献   

基于能量判据的剪切破坏型危岩主控结构面断裂扩展研究     

张祎  徐利军  王浩 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(2):132-135

将剪切型危岩主控结构面按受力机理归纳为压剪和拉剪两种形式，其本质是Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹的断裂扩展问题。应用最大应变能释放准则，建立危岩主控结构面开裂角θ0和断裂韧度GIC的计算方法。选取重庆万州首立山典型危岩进行计算，结果表明，其断裂角与基于最大周向应力准则的断裂角计算结果一致，主控结构面的开裂方向均是指向临空面方向，初步验证了方法的可行性。  相似文献   

西北干旱半干旱区一次层状云系微物理特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

王研峰  王蓉  王聚杰  尹宪志 《干旱区地理》2019,42(6):1291-1300

利用西北干旱半干旱区一次飞机探测资料、卫星资料，分析了层状云微物理结构以及作业前后云微物理变化，结果表明：（1） 此次层状云系垂直结构配置为冷暖两层，云层发展厚实。云的垂直和水平分布极不均匀。相对层积云，高层云小云粒子浓度低，大云粒子浓度高，液态含水量高。小云粒子浓度尤其是峰值区域与平均直径呈明显反相关。大于60个·cm^-3和35个·L^-1的小云、大云粒子浓度分别主要由3.5~10 μm、50~200 μm粒径段决定。（2） 不同高度云粒子谱为单峰或双峰分布，总体呈单调递减趋势，但云形成和增长条件存在差异。强可播、不可播和可播性冷云粒子谱基本符合负幂指数的单调递减规律，云粒子浓度差异较大，自然冰晶浓度不可播云较高，可播云次之，强可播云较低。（3） 作业后小云粒子浓度明显降低，在6.5~20 μm粒径段降低了2个量级左右，大云粒子浓度明显增加，谱宽增大，尤其在大于150 μm粒径段。  相似文献   

中国土地发展权的经济分析与配置设计--以北京市平谷区为例     

张占录  赵茜宇  李蒴 《地域研究与开发》2015,(2)

采用综合分析法从土地规划干预的视角对土地发展权进行了经济分析,在此基础上以北京市平谷区为例进行土地发展权的定量配置设计,研究结果表明：（1）在政府有效干预下,土地用途转换所带来在农业用途基础上的价值增值即为土地发展权价值;（2）平谷区土地发展权初始配置为每公顷非基本农田土地发展权数量为0．35个,每公顷基本农田土地发展权数量则为1个,二者均有10％属于国家所有;（3）政府对土地利用干预是土地发展权存在的前提,显现了土地发展权的价值,土地发展权制度的设立又是政府干预的补充;（4）土地发展权在土地所有者和国家之间分配,国家的份额比例相对较小。  相似文献   

三峡库区望霞危岩体孕灾地质环境条件分析     

乐琪浪  王洪德  高幼龙  薛星桥  王高峰  孙向东 《地球学报》2015,36(2):204-212

危岩体是一种典型的灾害地质体,其形成、变形与破坏受控于地质环境条件,地质基础要素在孕灾的过程中起着决定性作用,各基本地质要素与灾害形成的关系是研究危岩体变形规律和破坏机理的关键性问题。通过对三峡库区望霞危岩体区域地质构造作用分析,横石溪背斜构造解析,各类地质结构面发育特征统计和危岩体岩性组合方式及工程地质条件剖析,结合危岩体两次变形破坏过程,分析各因素对危岩体的形成及变形的关系。研究认为:孕育望霞危岩体的横石溪背斜雏形形成于印支期的隆升阶段,至燕山主期形成褶皱主体,后期则以继承性改造为主,危岩体的形成及孕育主要集中在背斜核部区域,枢纽位置尤为发育。控制危岩体变形的5条关键裂缝与顶部发育的"V"字形裂缝关系密切,其是在纵弯褶皱作用下背斜顶部脆性岩层受到强烈的拉裂影响,叠加台阶式层间滑动作用,形成与轴面近于平行的拉张裂缝。在望霞危岩体中发育多组地质结构面,其中原生结构面对各条关键裂缝及关键块体提供基础背景值,控制其规模、范围及变形强度。控制着变形关键部位特别是前缘软弱层变形位置、牵引区段及强烈程度。构造结构面主要控制关键裂缝的延伸方向、距离及样式,控制关键块体的变形方向,裂解范围及规模,掉块及崩裂位置,控制危岩体底部关键部位即压张裂缝的形成位置、张开度及位移方向。次生结构面主要控制后缘变形区,对各条关键裂缝控制其继承性变形,控制关键块体扩张,对岩体裂解破坏至关重要。同时,望霞危岩体在地层岩性上构成了典型的硬—软—硬岩性组合,为危岩体的变形提供了地质结构组合条件,其底部大面积的采空区控制着危岩体整体滑塌变形。  相似文献   

云南盈江2014年5·30M_s6.1地震的主要震害特征     

吴坤罡  吴中海  黄小龙  冯卉  周春景 《地质力学学报》2015,21(1):87-96

通过实地考察,对2014年5月30日9时20分云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州发生的6.1级地震中的房屋震害特点及主要次生地质灾害特征进行了全面分析,并初步总结了各类房屋建筑及主要地质灾害的震害特征及其成因。研究结果表明,对于西南山区类似盈江的地震多发区带,城镇建设过程中在尽量选择高强度建筑材料且保证建筑材料合格的同时,还要充分重视科学选址,应尽量避开滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地震地质灾害易发地带;对稳定性较差的场地应通过必要的地基处理工程进行加固,以尽可能减小地震造成的破坏;在易发生地质灾害的道路周边还应采取适当的加固措施以避免地震来临时造成交通瘫痪,进而引发更大的生命财产损失。  相似文献   

双源CT冠状动脉CTA伪影与心率变化关系探讨和解决对策     

冀舒文  巢惠民  高斌  陈旺 《CT理论与应用研究》2011,20(3):377-382

目的：研究双源CT成像质量和错层伪影出现原因,探讨成像质量不佳的原因和解决方法。方法：回顾性分析自2010年2月至2010年6月70例临床疑似冠心病人双源CT冠状动脉CTA图像和心电监测资料。比较出现错层伪影和无错层伪影的病人的平均心率、心率波动、心率变异和平均R-R间期的差异。结果：出现错层伪影和无错层伪影病人的平均...  相似文献   

Rapid repair of severely earthquake-damaged bridge piers with flexural-shear failure mode   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhiguo Sun  Dongsheng Wang  Xiuli Du  Bingjun Si 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(4):553-567

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of a proposed rapid repair technique for severely earthquake-damaged bridge piers with flexural-shear failure mode. Six circular pier specimens were first tested to severe damage in flexural-shear mode and repaired using early-strength concrete with high-fluidity and carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). After about four days, the repaired specimens were tested to failure again. The seismic behavior of the repaired specimens was evaluated and compared to the original specimens. Test results indicate that the proposed repair technique is highly effective. Both shear strength and lateral displacement of the repaired piers increased when compared to the original specimens, and the failure mechanism of the piers shifted from flexural-shear failure to ductile flexural failure. Finally, a simple design model based on the Seible formulation for post-earthquake repair design was compared to the experimental results. It is concluded that the design equation for bridge pier strengthening before an earthquake could be applicable to seismic repairs after an earthquake if the shear strength contribution of the spiral bars in the repaired piers is disregarded and 1.5 times more FRP sheets is provided.  相似文献   

普宁市近51a后汛期暴雨气候统计及分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张丽玲  黄卫 《黑龙江气象》2011,28(2):4-6

通过对普宁1959～2009年后汛期（7～9月）暴雨日数、暴雨过程及影响系统的统计分析,结果表明：近51 a普宁后汛期年平均暴雨日数为5.3 d、暴雨过程为3.9次,最长连续暴雨5d;普宁后汛期暴雨日数资料序列有较弱的递增趋势,并存在19 a左右的较长周期和6 a左右的局部周期振荡;造成普宁后汛期暴雨主要是热带天气系统,占后汛期暴雨影响系统的83.6%,其中热带气旋影响占62.7%,西风带天气系统仅占16.4%;影响普宁后汛期热带气旋出现暴雨的机率为87.0%,每年副高第二次季节性北跳后,受热带气旋影响的机率增大。造成后汛期日雨量≥150 mm的热带气旋,其登陆地点集中在海丰至电白之间;普宁后汛期暴雨前的单站要素变化主要有3种类型：持续降压型、高温猛降型和低压回升型。  相似文献   

成武县建设用地批后监管的分析探讨     

李秀荣  陈洁 《山东地质》2011,(6):48-50,53

建设用地供应审批之后,加强对其开发利用情况的跟踪监管,是落实节约集约用地政策、遏制违法违规用地的重要途径。成武县对新增建设用地严格规范出让合同的内容,加强对土地开发利用的监管;对已批存量建设用地,通过存量盘活、资源整合等一系列监管措施,有效促进了已供土地及时按规定开发,保证了各类住房及时建成,切实提高了土地供应和开发利用效率。  相似文献