Feeding,defaecation and absorption efficiency in the Cape rock lobster jasus lalandii     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):59-65

In order to estimate the absorption rate of carbon by the palinurid lobster Jasus lalandii, the net quantity of ingested carbon and gross carbon content of faeces must be known. Experimental animals were selected for consistent feeding and subsequently starved for 72 h. Ingested carbon was established by determining the carbon content of the prey mussel Choromytilus meridionalis under controlled aquarium conditions through five eating/defaecating cycles. The losses of particulate and dissolved organic carbon due to messy feeding were measured and amounted to 20,1 per cent of the food presented. Of the net carbon ingested, 20,5 per cent was voided as faeces, thereby giving a mean absorption efficiency of 79,5 per cent (n = 15, SD = 4,6%). J. lalandii, as a top carnivore in the inshore Benguela ecosystem, is therefore highly efficient in the utilization of ingested carbon. In animals of commercial size (≥ 89 mm carapace length), small variations in absorption efficiencies exhibited were neither dependent on body mass nor ingested mass, but may rather be attributed to scatter inherent in all biological systems.  相似文献   

Sexual reproduction in Sarcotragus spinosulus from two different shallow environments     

Mercurio Maria  Corriero Giuseppe  Gherardi Miriam  Baldacconi Rossella  Elda Gaino 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(4):394-408

The reproductive cycle of the demosponge Sarcotragus spinosulus from two different shallow environments (La Pierta and La Strea) of the Ionian coasts of Apulia (SE Italy) was studied from February 2006 to February 2007 in 20 tagged specimens. The sponge is viviparous. All the monitored specimens showed sexual reproduction, even if the process usually involved small portions of the sponge tissue. Most of the specimens showed hermaphroditism, with contemporaneous production of oocytes and spermatic cysts in the same reproductive season. Young oocytes occurred from June to September in specimens from La Pierta and from June to October in those from La Strea. Large mature eggs, measuring up to 200 μm, showed a peak in August to September, concomitant with the appearance of spermatic cysts, whose density values were about 100 times higher than those estimated for female elements. At La Pierta, embryos were present for 11 months, whereas at La Strea they were very scarce during the first 4 months of observation, with the results that there was a significant difference in the production of embryos between the two groups of sponges. Embryo development occurred in patches inside the choanosomal region. Cleavage started in September and led in June to a solid stereoblastula, which, only at La Pierta, produced parenchymella larva (371.3 + 31.3 μm on average) from June to July. In the specimens from La Strea, larvae were never observed. The slight differences in the reproductive cycle between the two groups of sponges may be explained in the light of the major variability of the environmental parameters which could have affected the specimens from La Strea negatively.  相似文献   

Estimation of size at first maturity in two South African coral species     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):513-516

The corals Acropora austera and Platygyra daedalea have been the subject of extensive reproductive and population genetic studies in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park (iSimangaliso), on the KwaZulu-Natal coast, eastern South Africa. Despite this, estimates of size at first maturity in these two species are lacking. This information could be used to provide a baseline to differentiate juveniles from adult sizes of corals, an important factor for assessing the condition of scleractinian communities in reefs. Here, we present the methods followed to provide such estimates for these two hard corals. Using generalised linear models and assuming knife-edge maturity (50% probability), it was estimated that A. austera from iSimangaliso matures at c. 15 cm mean colony diameter (MCD) (95% CI: 9.25–20.75 cm MCD) and P. daedalea matures at c. 7 cm MCD (95% CI: 4.55–8.39 cm MCD). These estimates were comparable to those for tropical species which is remarkable considering the high-latitude nature of the sampled reefs. It is expected that the findings from this study will assist in the assessment of reproduction, recruitment, survival and genetic variation in clonal organisms such as corals, and will provide a baseline to assess the effects of climate change on coral communities in the region.  相似文献   

海湾扇贝与紫扇贝生殖隔离研究     

张守都  张国范  李莉 《海洋科学》2012,36(8):9-14

对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)和秘鲁紫扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus)进行了跨种间的杂交尝试,结果显示两个物种之间正向和反向均可受精和正常发育,没有发现合子前隔离,并且通过internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1)标记验证了杂交的成功.至杂交子一代性成熟时通过对杂合子成熟性腺进行H.E.染色石蜡切片观察发现,雄性性腺明显退化且不能产生有活力的精子,雌性性腺发达且能形成外观正常卵子,但是却不能与亲本进行回交,即表现为典型的合子后隔离:杂种不育.  相似文献   

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of FSHβ Gene Associated with Reproductive Traits in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)     

Feng He  Haishen Wen  Dahui Yu  Jifang Li  Bao Shi  Caifang Chen  Jiaren Zhang  Guoxiong Jin  Xiaoyan Chen  Dan Shi  Yanping Yang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(4):395-398

Follicle stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) plays a key role in the regulation of gonadal development.This study aimed to investigate molecular genetic characteristics of the FSHβ gene and elucidate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FSHβ on reproductive traits in Japanese flounder.We used polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing of the FSHβ gene in 60 individuals.We identified only an SNP (T/C) in the coding region of exon3 of FSHβ.The SNP (T/C) did not lead to amino acid changes at the position 340 bp of FSHβ gene.Statistical analysis showed that the SNP was significantly associated with testosterone (T) level and gonadosomatic index (GSI) (P0.05).Individuals with genotype TC of the SNP had significantly higher serum T levels and GSI (P0.05) than that of genotype CC.Therefore, FSHβ gene could be a useful molecular marker in selection for prominent reproductive trait in Japanese Flounder.  相似文献   

西北地区气候暖干化对作物气候生态适应性的影响   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

邓振镛  张强  宁惠芳  梁东升  王强  徐金强  王劲松 《中国沙漠》2010,30(3):633-639

在综述西北地区现代气候变化基本特征是暖干化的基础上,重点揭示了冬小麦、春小麦 (夏粮)、玉米、马铃薯、谷子、糜子（秋粮）和棉花、胡麻、冬油菜、酿酒葡萄（经济作物）等10种主要作物的热量指标、水分指标和生长发育状况等对现代气候暖干化的响应特征。气候变暖对作物热量生态适应性的影响非常显著,作物需要热量指标比变暖前有提高的趋势;气候变干对作物水分生态适应性的影响非常敏感,作物需要水分指标比变干前有增多的趋势。气候暖干化对作物气候生态适应性的影响总体来说是利弊并重。对灌溉区作物是利多弊少,建议要创建干旱区现代农业发展模式来应对;对旱作区作物是弊远大于利,建议要建立一整套旱作农业生产机制来适应气候暖干化。提出了作物气候生态适宜度是气候暖干化对作物产生重大影响的重要原因。  相似文献   

不同结构性黄土的强度规律及传统强度准则适应性分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈昌禄  邵生俊  方娟  罗爱忠 《地震工程学报》2013,35(4):851-857

在真三轴试验基础上揭示了多种不同结构性原状黄土的强度变化规律,分析了在岩土工程实践中常用的Mohr-Coulomb准则和Matsuoka-Nakai准则对不同结构性原状黄土的适应性。结果表明:当结构性黄土的强度越大时,其在π平面上的破坏线越接近于抹圆曲边三角形,反之其在π平面上的破坏线越接近于抹圆角三角形;结构性黄土随着结构性的增大在π平面上的强度破坏线从抹圆角三角形逐渐向抹圆曲边三角形发展,最终趋近于Mises圆;两个强度准则所描述的强度都比结构性原状黄土的实际强度值小,Mohr-Coulomb准则的误差比Matsuoka-Nakai准则的误差大,并且随着结构性的增强其误差也逐渐增大。  相似文献   

DX14井区火山岩气藏水平井适应性分析     

李炜  李凡华  王彬  杨作明  郭建军 《四川地质学报》2012,(4):445-448

KL气田DX14井区为一火山岩气藏,现有4口水平井。通过对该区火山岩气藏水平井地质条件适应性和设计适应性进行分析,结合已投产2口水平井的生产情况,预测即将投产2口水平井生产效果。提出了该区水平井适应性的评价指标：1、应从气藏类型、气藏深度、气层有效厚度、气层各向异性指数等8个方面,来分析气藏水平井开发的地质适应性;2、认为该区水平井段应沿气层上部部署,水平段长度应根据火山岩体范围控制在600--800m左右,效果较好。  相似文献   

低空遥感数字影像的点特征提取算子的比较     

王利勇  王慧  李鹏程  吴翰书 《测绘科学》2011,36(1):121-124

低空遥感是遥感影像数据获取的重要手段之一,点特征是最常用的影像特征,目前存在多种点特征提取算法.本文根据低空遥感数字影像的特点和实际应用中的要求,利用探测速度、适应性、提取效能三个特征提取算法的比较标准对常用的点特征提取算子进行了比较.为针对不同特点的低空遥感数字影像,选择某点特征提取算法提供依据.  相似文献   

沙坡头人工固沙区油蒿繁殖分配的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯丽  张景光  张志山  郑敬刚  宋维民 《中国沙漠》2008,28(3):473-477

对沙坡头人工固沙区油蒿 (Artemisia ordosica) 开花结实期的繁殖分配和生殖枝的生长特点进行了研究,结果表明:2006年8—10月,油蒿生殖枝重、头状花序重都显著增加(P<0.05),但繁殖分配均保持在26%左右;油蒿的繁殖分配与个体大小有一定的关系,地径在0.5 cm以上的油蒿个体才能够开始繁殖,繁殖分配大致呈现出在一定范围内随个体增大而上升,然后又随个体继续增大而下降的趋势。对不同建植年代(1956年、1964年、1981年、1987年)样地中油蒿繁殖结构特征和繁殖分配比较发现,1981年样地上油蒿的生殖枝重、单位生殖枝上的头状花序数、繁殖分配都低于其他3个年代,且其他3个年代的样地间无显著差异(P>0.05)。这表明,人工固沙区油蒿种群的繁殖不仅受固沙时间的影响,而且受其他因素的制约。  相似文献