Assessment of effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau based on net primary production and the large sample comparison method   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Yili Zhang  Zhongjun Hu  Wei Qi  Xue Wu  Wanqi Bai  Lanhui Li  Mingjun Ding  Linshan Liu  Zhaofeng Wang  Du Zheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(1):27-44

Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method (LSCM). To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment, the alpine grassland net primary production (NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP, the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau. (2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected, the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant, whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan. With the exception of Selincuo, the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert. (3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples: (a) After the establishment of the nature reserves, the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves. (b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun, Changshagongma, Zoige and Selincuo (Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively significant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves, whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious. (c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow, but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe. This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change. Careful design of the samples used, to ensure comparability between the samples, is crucial to the success of this LSCM.  相似文献   

中国可供性煤炭资源潜力分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王永王佟  康高峰  林燕 《中国地质》2009,36(4):845-852

以全国第三次煤田预测数据为基础,通过对查明煤炭资源量和未查明煤炭资源量的分布、埋藏深度和煤类的系统分析,指出中国查明尚未占用的煤炭储量2282.97亿t,经济可采储量仅684.89亿t。未查明的预测煤炭资源量45521.04亿t,潜力巨大,但在近期可供找煤普查的埋深小于1000m的预测可靠级煤炭资源量只有9169.10亿t。因此,必须科学地、客观地再认识中国煤炭资源优势,合理地制定国家能源政策,以确保中国能源安全。  相似文献   

大庆油田资源量增长趋势及其主控因素解析          下载免费PDF全文

李嘉光  郭少斌  陈朝玉 《地学前缘》2009,16(6):379

大庆油田作为国内最大的石油生产基地,其原油总产量可占全国同期陆上的40%以上,开发形势也直接影响到全国原油产量的供给。近年来,大庆油田的产量递减以及国内能源供应短缺的原因,油气资源量的新增速度越来越多地受到人们关注。文章就是基于这样的形势,在收集了大庆油田大量原始数据的基础上,结合大庆油田的自身特点,选用储量增长预测方法对大庆油田新增可采储量进行了预测,结果表明,大庆油田的新增资源量总体呈下降趋势,最终可采储量发生的时间为2028年。文中还从国际和国内两个方面分析了新增油气资源量变化趋势的主控因素,认为国际原油价格的波动和国内政策导向及技术进步是影响大庆油田新增油气资源量的主要原因。  相似文献   

地质统计学在羊拉铜矿储量计算中的应用     

余海军  李文昌  曾普胜  尹光候 《地球学报》2009,30(5):684-690

本文以云南德钦羊拉铜矿床为例, 借助Surpac矿业软件建立了矿床地质数据库, 并运用地质统计学的方法, 通过分析羊拉5号矿体铜品位分布规律, 计算出了厚度、倾向、走向3个方向的实验变异函数, 并进行了理论变异函数的曲线拟合, 确立了矿床的数学模型。在此基础上运用克立格法和距离平方反比法分别进行了储量计算, 再结合传统的块段法计算出的储量, 将三者进行对比分析, 探讨了三种方法的影响因素及其产生误差的根本原因, 最后认为运用克立格法计算储量具有先进性和使用性。文章还分析了铜矿体的品位－吨位曲线图, 为矿山合理确定经济品位和吨位提供了可靠的理论依据。  相似文献   

地质及采矿设计过程中的几点体会     

黄东方 《中国勘察设计》2009,(7):24-27

地质及采矿设计是矿山设计过程中的关键部分,它包含仔细研读原始地质资料、圈定开采境界、绘制水平分层平面图及采掘终了平面图、计算储量及剥采比、编制采剥进度计划表等,此部分的设计文件是矿山正常生产过程中的重要指导性文件。作者从自身的设计经历出发,较为详细地介绍了各环节设计过程中所应注意的技术问题,并指出了当前设计时所面临的困难,以及目前传统设计方法所面临的不足,最后结合当今国内外采矿设计的形势,对将来的发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

Application of 3-D Geoscience Modeling Technology for the Estimation of Solid Mineral Reserves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PAN Mao  LI Jun  WANG Zhangang  JIN Jiangjun 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(3):655-660

Abstract: Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology (3-D GMT), this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT: building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.  相似文献   

A GIS-Based Tool for Representing Larval Dispersal for Marine Reserve Selection     

Douglas T. Fischer  J. Wilson White  Louis W. Botsford  John Largier  David M. Kaplan 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):489-513

Increasing efforts to implement marine protected areas (MPAs) as a means of managing marine ecosystems have created a need for evaluating potential spatial management plans. Almost all marine populations are metapopulations, connected reproductively by the dispersal of pelagic larvae. Models of marine population dynamics must account for larval connectivity, but despite recent advances connectivity patterns are still poorly understood. To allow more informed decision making when complete information on dispersal is lacking, we have developed a method based on geographic information systems (GIS) for representing larval dispersal distributions based on bathymetry and typical flows in the coastal ocean. These distributions reflect (1) generally greater flow in directions along, rather than across, lines of constant bathymetry and (2) lesser flow in shallow near-shore waters. We demonstrate how to parameterize this two-dimensional method for depicting larval dispersal based on comparisons to local oceanographic data. We then compare the predictions of the two-dimensional method to those of a simpler one-dimensional alternative in a population model used to evaluate proposed MPAs along the coast of central California. The method produces reasonable larval dispersal patterns and appears to include the effects of bathymetry on population dynamics better than commonly used one-dimensional methods and without requiring the significantly greater investment of developing particle-tracking circulation models. An important advantage of a two-dimensional approach is more realistic portrayal of the dependence of population persistence on the cross-shelf dimension of available habitat.  相似文献   

浅谈地电绘图软件在地电观测资料评比中的应用     

范磊  张彩艳  闫美蓉  殷志刚 《山西地震》2013,(3):40-43,48

地电绘图软件是为满足地电观测资料评比要求而研发的一款专业绘图软件。文中详细介绍了该软件系统的主要应用模块和具体的使用方法,并以地电评比所要求的标准图件为实例进行说明。经其他地震台站试用,该软件对地电评比图件绘制的标准化和专业化有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

A method to assess annual average renewable groundwater reserves for large regions in Spain     

Eugenio Sanz 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):99-107

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for assessing the renewable groundwater reserves of large regions for an average year, based on the integration of the recession curves for their basins' springs or the natural baseflow of their rivers. In this method, the hydrodynamic volumes (or renewable reserves), were estimated from the baseflow. It was assumed that the flow was the same as the natural recharge, and the recession coefficients were derived from the hydrogeological parameters and geometric characteristics of the aquifers and adjusted to fit the recession curves at gauging stations. The method was applied to all the aquifers of Spain, which have a total renewable groundwater reserve of 86 118 hm³—four times the mean annual recharge. However, the spatial distribution of these reserves is highly variable; 18.6% of the country's aquifers contain 94.7% of the entire reserve.

Citation Sanz, E. & Recio, B. (2010) A method to assess annual average renewable groundwater reserves for large regions in Spain. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(1), 99–107.  相似文献   

基于神经网络的房地产估价研究     

王晞 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(10):129-132

根据房地产估价的特点将人工神经网络引入到房地产价格评估领域,创建了基于神经网络的房地产估价模型,在对训练样本验证结果分析的基础上,对两种神经网络估价模型进行了对比分析,指出了两种网络各自的优缺点以及改进措施。  相似文献