烷基酚的油水分配系数影响因素研究     

孙砚泽  彭晓波  文志刚  何文祥  严刚  刘栩  钟鸣  田伟超 《地质力学学报》2022,28(2):217-225

烷基酚是一类由酚类化合物烷基化后产生的化合物,与其他非烃化合物相比,更易溶于水.文章通过不同温度(25℃、45℃和65℃)、 不同盐水浓度(4000 mg/L、6000 mg/L和8000 mg/L)和不同原油类型(X37、X45和X61)的三组油水分配实验,研究了烷基酚在油水两相间的分配特征,确定了烷基酚分配系数的变...  相似文献   

古村落社区旅游参与度及影响因素——西递、宏村、南屏比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨效忠  张捷  唐文跃  卢松 《地理科学》2008,28(3):445-451

以社区家庭为视角,建立基于利益导向的社区旅游参与水平测度指标,以皖南古村落西递、宏村、南屏为实证研究对象,揭示了古村落社区旅游参与度异同及其影响机理。研究结果表明:① 古村落内部、古村落之间的旅游参与度均有不同程度的差异,归因为家庭微观因子与社区中观因子交互作用所致。② 通过家庭微观因子对家庭人均旅游收入影响的通径系数分析,得出三个景区相应的直接通径系数和间接通径系数,发现古村落家庭微观因子的影响方向趋同而影响程度分异,与问卷调查结果分析的一致性也显示了该方法的较强解释力和潜在应用价值。③ 提高古村落社区旅游参与整体水平、缓解参与度空间差异的根本途径在于"让利于民",增强社区分利能力,政府在其中扮演着重要的引导角色。  相似文献   

陕西省城市竞争力及其通达性比较研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李九全 《地理科学》2008,28(4):471-477

以陕西省的10个地级市:西安市、铜川市、宝鸡市、咸阳市、渭南市、汉中市、安康市、商洛市、榆林市和延安市为研究对象,选取了社会经济发展水平、人民生活水平、对外经济和联系及基础建设和交通四个方面共24项指标,运用SPSS16.0软件用主成分分析法研究城市竞争力,得到城市竞争力得分的情况,以最短距离原则选择距离指标、时间指标和通达性系数来衡量城市的通达性水平的高低,得到不同速度下通达性水平的空间格局,计算各城市以一定速度在1、2、3、4小时内能到达其他城市的数目,并对竞争力得分和通达性水平的特点进行分析,最后比较分析二者之间的联系。城市竞争力和通达性水平的空间格局基本一致,都是呈现以关中地区为中心的"核心-外围"的格局,核心即西安市和咸阳市,由核心向外围城市的竞争力水平和通达性水平逐步降低。通达性与竞争力水平二者相互促进,实现良性循环。  相似文献   

Controls on event runoff coefficients in the eastern Italian Alps   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Daniele Norbiato  Marco Borga  Ralf Merz  Günther Blschl  Alberto Carton 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,375(3-4):312-325

Analyses of event runoff coefficients provide essential insight on catchment response, particularly if a range of catchments and a range of events are compared by a single indicator. In this study we examine the effect of climate, geology, land use, flood types and initial soil moisture conditions on the distribution functions of the event runoff coefficients for a set of 14 mountainous catchments located in the eastern Italian Alps, ranging in size from 7.3 to 608.4 km². Runoff coefficients were computed from hourly precipitation, runoff data and estimates of snowmelt. A total of 535 events were analysed over the period 1989–2004. We classified each basin using a “permeability index” which was inferred from a geologic map and ranged from “low” to “high permeability”. A continuous soil moisture accounting model was applied to each catchment to classify ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ initial soil moisture conditions. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of runoff coefficients is highly correlated with mean annual precipitation, with the mean runoff coefficient increasing with mean annual precipitation. Geology, through the ‘permeability index’, is another important control on runoff coefficients for catchments with mean annual precipitation less than 1200 mm. Land use, as indexed by the SCS curve number, influences runoff coefficient distribution to a lesser degree. An analysis of the runoff coefficients by flood type indicates that runoff coefficients increase with event snowmelt. Results show that there exists an intermediate region of subsurface water storage capacity, as indexed by a flow–duration curve-based index, which maximises the impact of initial wetness conditions on the runoff coefficient. This means that the difference between runoff coefficients characterised by wet and dry initial conditions is negligible both for basins with very large storage capacity and for basins with small storage capacity. For basins with intermediate storage capacities, the impact of the initial wetness conditions may be relatively large.  相似文献   

基于等效Thomsen参数的P-SV波AVO属性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘前坤  韩立国  廉玉广  王恩利 《地震工程学报》2008,30(3):214-220,305

在等效Thomsen各向异性参数的P-SV波反射系数近似公式基础上研究了反射系数的多种AVO(振幅随炮检距变化)属性特征,针对不同的属性特征构建了多属性AVO交绘图;并利用反射系数公式对三类含气砂岩AVO的特征进行分析.结果表明P-SV波反射系数公式可以有效的区分第三类含气砂岩;岩石的孔隙度、流体饱和度等信息是影响地震波AVO的重要因素.利用Gassmann方程进行了对上层为HTI介质,下层为孔隙储层的介质模型进行了流体替换计算,分析了孔隙度、含气饱和度和各向异性参数变化对地层AVO的影响.  相似文献   

GM4型磁通门磁力仪性能检验方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王晓美  滕云田  王喜珍  王晨  吴琼 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(6):88-94

目前,磁通门磁力仪广泛应用于观测地球磁场相对变化的仪器。相对于应用,仪器的性能测试不为人们所熟悉。本文针对GM4型磁通门磁力仪的噪声特性,频率特性,线性度,温度特性等关键性能指标的测试依据、测试方法及流程给予详细的阐述。  相似文献   

成都市"农村民居"防震抗震的研究与讨论     

李伟  郑松林  朱昌保 《国际地震动态》2008,(3):18-24

成都市人民政府在推进城乡一体化,建设社会主义新农村中,由成都市建设委员会牵头设计了数十套适合农村修建和农村居住的《成都市农村住宅方案》,它体现了党和人民政府对农村群众的关怀,农村民居的防震抗震工作也关系到群众的生命和财产安全。成都市地震局积极介入农村民居的防震抗震宣传教育之中,指导全市农村民居的防震抗震工作,作者通过对《成都市农村住宅方案》之一防震抗震性能和特点进行分析和讨论,达到交流农村民房的防震抗震的目的,推动我省农村民居地震安全工作。  相似文献   

Rainfall‐induced consolidation and sealing effects on soil erodibility during concentrated runoff for loess‐derived topsoils     

A. Knapen  J. Poesen  S. De Baets 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(3):444-458

Flume experiments simulating concentrated runoff were carried out on remolded silt loam soil samples (0·36 × 0·09 × 0·09 m³) to measure the effect of rainfall‐induced soil consolidation and soil surface sealing on soil erosion by concentrated flow for loess‐derived soils and to establish a relationship between soil erodibility and soil bulk density. Soil consolidation and sealing were simulated by successive simulated rainfall events (0–600 mm of cumulative rainfall) alternated by periods of drying. Soil detachment measurements were repeated for four different soil moisture contents (0·04, 0·14, 0·20 and 0·31 g g^?1). Whereas no effect of soil consolidation and sealing is observed for critical flow shear stress (τ_cr), soil erodibility (Kc) decreases exponentially with increasing cumulative rainfall depth. The erosion‐reducing effect of soil consolidation and sealing decreases with a decreasing soil moisture content prior to erosion due to slaking effects occurring during rapid wetting of the dry topsoil. After about 100 mm of rainfall, Kc attains its minimum value for all moisture conditions, corresponding to a reduction of about 70% compared with the initial Kc value for the moist soil samples and only a 10% reduction for the driest soil samples. The relationship estimating relative Kc values from soil moisture content and cumulative rainfall depth predicts Kc values measured on a gradually consolidating cropland field in the Belgian Loess Belt reasonably well (MEF = 0·54). Kc is also shown to decrease linearly with increasing soil bulk density for all moisture treatments, suggesting that the compaction of thalwegs where concentrated flow erosion often occurs might be an alternative soil erosion control measure in addition to grassed waterways and double drilling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modelling increased soil cohesion due to roots with EUROSEM   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

S. De Baets  D. Torri  J. Poesen  M. P. Salvador  J. Meersmans 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(13):1948-1963

As organic root exudates cause soil particles to adhere firmly to root surfaces, roots significantly increase soil strength and therefore also increase the resistance of the topsoil to erosion by concentrated flow. This paper aims at contributing to a better prediction of the root effects on soil erosion rates in the EUROSEM model, as the input values accounting for roots, presented in the user manual, do not account for differences in root density or root architecture. Recent research indicates that small changes in root density or differences in root architecture considerably influence soil erosion rates during concentrated flow. The approach for incorporating the root effects into this model is based on a comparison of measured soil detachment rates for bare and for root‐permeated topsoil samples with predicted erosion rates under the same flow conditions using the erosion equation of EUROSEM. Through backwards calculation, transport capacity efficiencies and corresponding soil cohesion values can be assessed for bare and root‐permeated topsoils respectively. The results are promising and present soil cohesion values that are in accordance with reported values in the literature for the same soil type (silt loam). The results show that grass roots provide a larger increase in soil cohesion as compared with tap‐rooted species and that the increase in soil cohesion is not significantly different under wet and dry soil conditions, either for fibrous root systems or for tap root systems. Power and exponential relationships are established between measured root density values and the corresponding calculated soil cohesion values, reflecting the effects of roots on the resistance of the topsoil to concentrated flow incision. These relationships enable one to incorporate the root effect into the soil erosion model EUROSEM, through adapting the soil cohesion input value. A scenario analysis shows that the contribution of roots to soil cohesion is very important for preventing soil loss and reducing runoff volume. The increase in soil shear strength due to the binding effect of roots on soil particles is two orders of magnitude lower as compared with soil reinforcement achieved when roots mobilize their tensile strength during soil shearing and root breakage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

应用电阻率法确定浅水砂质沉积物中的扩散系数   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

高增文  郑西来  徐芹选  卢学伟 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(1):276-279

根据无限稀释溶液中物质的分子扩散系数,估算沉积物中污染物的扩散系数时,需确定地层因数与孔隙度的关系.本研究将Miller Soil Box应用于测定青岛近岸不同粒径砂质沉积物与孔隙水的电阻率,以确定沉积物的地层因数,并结合沉积物的孔隙度,通过曲线拟合建立地层因数与孔隙度的关系式.研究结果表明,运用Ullman和Aller给出的经验m值(当φ≤0.7时,m取2)计算近岸砂质沉积物中污染物的分子扩散系数,将会引起40%~50%的误差;近岸砂质沉积物地层因数与孔隙度的关系可以采用Archie公式表示,即F=φ-m,m=1.52;经验证分析,可取m=1.52代入Ds=D0.φm-1公式,计算浅水砂质沉积物中污染物的分子扩散系数.  相似文献