一座新建水库——广东剑潭水库浮游植物动态特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李莹  肖利娟  林秋奇  李传红  谭镇 《湖泊科学》2010,22(2):227-234

剑潭水库是珠江水系东江下游新建水库,2006年10月开始蓄水,2007年6月蓄水完毕.该水库属直流型水库,2008年水力滞留时间为0.46-3.62d.2006-2008年调查了该水库浮游植物的动态特征.结果表明,调查期间浮游植物丰度为182-6267cells/ml,从空间变化看,在调查期间,浮游植物丰度由上游向下游呈上升趋势.从年间变化看,蓄水后第一年坝区浮游植物丰度不仅明显高于蓄水前和蓄水期间,并且浮游植物最高丰度出现在蓄水后第一年的枯水期(12月).与此同时,在蓄水过程中,浮游植物群落结构也逐渐发生了变化,蓝藻相对丰度明显上升,绿藻相对丰度呈下降趋势.水力滞留时间、透明度和总磷是影响剑潭水库浮游植物时空变化的重要因素.高的平流损失率和低的透明度使得浮游植物现存量与水库氮、磷水平并不相符.相对较长的水力滞留时间、较高的透明度和总磷导致了浮游植物在蓄水后第一年(2008年)的枯水期出现一个峰值.  相似文献   

1990—2018年于桥水库流域氮磷浓度变化趋势及影响因素     

张晨  周雅迪  宋迪迪 《湖泊科学》2023,35(6):1949-1959

基于1990—2018年于桥水库流域入库河流与水库的逐月总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)监测数据,整理并分析了1990-2002、2003—2014和2015—2018年3个时段TN、TP浓度和氮磷比(TN/TP)的时空变化特征,探究流域内点面源污染削减、调水、氮磷滞留等对营养盐浓度变化的影响。结果表明,1990—2018年于桥水库TN浓度年均值在1.14～3.74 mg/L之间,水库TP浓度年均值在0.025～0.131 mg/L之间,多年TN/TP平均值为45,远高于淡水磷限氮磷比,是磷限水库。于桥水库流域5个测点中,沙河TN浓度最高,黎河TP浓度最高,入库TN、TP浓度大于库区,水库TP滞留率略大于TN。水库TN、TP浓度在2000s中后期下降,之后出现反弹。原因是2003年水源保护工程实施后,入库营养物浓度降低;2014年底南水北调中线一期工程通水后,于桥水库的引滦水量减少,TN的稀释效应弱化,上游来水TP浓度上升与水库内夏秋两季浮游植物的增殖,导致第三时段水库内TP浓度上升。基于月尺度水质分析,夏季水库TN浓度最低,TP浓度达到峰值,主成分分析表明,历年6—10月的水库Chl.a浓...  相似文献   

Geochemical and Physical Controls on Vadose Zone Hydrology of Holocene Carbonate Sands,Grand Bahama Island     

S. M. Brooks  F. F. Whitaker 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1997,22(1):45-58

This paper explores the relationship between vadose zone hydrology and geochemical changes in mixed mineralogy carbonate sands from a Bahamian coastal dune of Holocene age. Cores were taken from two sites: at site A, a shallow humic Entisol is developed beneath open scrub vegetation, while at site B a deeper, more organic-rich Inceptisol has formed beneath a mature hardwood coppice. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals significant contrasts in mineralogy both within and between the two sites, with partial stabilization of high-Mg calcite and aragonite, to low-Mg calcite. Stabilization is greater at site B, and is accompanied by a significant increase in total porosity. Diagenetic changes in pore-size distribution have implications for residence times of percolating water, as determined using measurements of moisture retention characteristics using pressure plate apparatus, and hydrological models of unsaturated zone moisture flux. The diagenetically more mature sands from site B have a 50–100 per cent higher moisture retention, although unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is also higher, particularly at greater suctions. The increase in water retention is likely to enhance further rates of mineral-controlled reactions, while development of an organic-rich soil also enhances the geochemical drive for dissolution. Carbonate diagenesis thus appears to be strongly linked to vadose zone hydrology, and the interactions identified here have important consequences for the nature and long-term rates of mineral stabilization. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

ALLUVIAL CHARACTERISTICS,GROUNDWATER–SURFACE WATER EXCHANGE AND HYDROLOGICAL RETENTION IN HEADWATER STREAMS     

JOHN A. MORRICE  H. MAURICE VALETT  CLIFFORD N. DAHM  MICHAEL E. CAMPANA 《水文研究》1997,11(3):253-267

Conservative solute injections were conducted in three first-order montane streams of different geological composition to assess the influence of parent lithology and alluvial characteristics on the hydrological retention of nutrients. Three study sites were established: (1) Aspen Creek, in a sandstone–siltstone catchment with a fine-grained alluvium of low hydraulic conductivity (1·3×10⁻⁴ cm/s), (2) Rio Calaveras, which flows through volcanic tuff with alluvium of intermediate grain size and hydraulic conductivity (1·2×10⁻³ cm/s), and (3) Gallina Creek, located in a granite/gneiss catchment of coarse, poorly sorted alluvium with high hydraulic conductivity (4·1×10⁻³ cm/s). All sites were instrumented with networks of shallow groundwater wells to monitor interstitial solute transport. The rate and extent of groundwater–surface water exchange, determined by the solute response in wells, increased with increasing hydraulic conductivity. The direction of surface water–groundwater interaction within a stream was related to local variation in vertical and horizontal hydraulic gradients. Experimental tracer responses in the surface stream were simulated with a one-dimensional solute transport model with inflow and storage components (OTIS). Model-derived measures of hydrological retention showed a corresponding increase with increasing hydraulic conductivity. To assess the temporal variability of hydrological retention, solute injection experiments were conducted in Gallina Creek under four seasonal flow regimes during which surface discharge ranged from baseflow (0·75 l/s in October) to high (75 l/s during spring snowmelt). Model-derived hydrological retention decreased with increasing discharge. The results of our intersite comparison suggest that hydrological retention is strongly influenced by the geologic setting and alluvial characteristics of the stream catchment. Temporal variation in hydrological retention at Gallina Creek is related to seasonal changes in discharge, highlighting the need for temporal resolution in studies of the dynamics of surface water–groundwater interactions in stream ecosystems. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effects of soil organic matter on soil water retention and plant water use in a meadow of the Sierra Nevada,CA          下载免费PDF全文

Kyle J. Ankenbauer  Steven P. Loheide II 《水文研究》2017,31(4):891-901

Tuolumne Meadows is a groundwater dependent ecosystem in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA, that is threatened by hydrologic impacts that may lead to a substantial loss of organic matter in the soil. In order to provide a scientific basis for management of this type of ecosystem, this paper quantifies the effect of soil organic content on soil water retention and water use by plants. First, we show a substantial dependence of soil water retention on soil organic content by correlating Van Genuchten soil water retention parameters with soil organic content, independent of soil texture. Then, we demonstrate the impact of organic content on plants by simulating the degree to which root water uptake is affected by soil water retention with the use of a physically based numerical model of variably saturated groundwater flow. Our results indicate that the increased water retention by soil organic matter contributes as much as 8.8 cm to transpiration, or 35 additional water‐stress free days, during the dry summer when plants experience increased water stress.  相似文献   

Variation in curve numbers derived from plot runoff data for New South Wales (Australia)     

Hongxia Cao  R. Willem Vervoort  Seth M. Dabney 《水文研究》2011,25(24):3774-3789

The curve number method is a simple one parameter (the curve number) rainfall runoff model. While its theoretical underpinning has been questioned it remains a powerful hydrological tool in the absence of detailed data and is therefore used extensively in hydrological models. This study aims to characterize the variation in maximum retention values (S), which underlie curve numbers, for a range of agricultural treatments across a large spatial area in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The data used for the analysis spans several decades of rainfall runoff observations. A range of different derivation methods result in variation in mean and variance of S. In particular, methods that emphasize the larger storms result in greater S and thus lower runoff. For larger spatial scales, emphasis on larger storms gives more reliable estimates of S. Systematic variation in S arises from variations in treatment, pre‐runoff soil moisture, rainfall depth, and variations in cover. On the basis of the analysis, a table of curve number values for different land uses found in NSW is presented. The resulting distributions of S and curve numbers provide guidance for rainfall runoff modelling studies in the agricultural important areas of NSW. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effect of oil expulsion or retention on further thermal degradation of kerogen at the high maturity stage: A pyrolysis study of type II kerogen from Pingliang shale,China     

《Organic Geochemistry》2014

High maturity oil and gas are usually generated after primary oil expulsion from source rocks, especially from oil prone type I/II kerogen. However, the detailed impacts of oil expulsion, or retention in source rock on further thermal degradation of kerogen at the high maturity stage remain unknown. In the present study, we collected an Ordovician Pingliang shale sample containing type II kerogen. The kerogens, which had previously generated and expelled oil and those which had not, were prepared and pyrolyzed in a closed system, to observe oil expulsion or oil retention effects on later oil and gas generation from kerogen. The results show that oil expulsion and retention strongly impacts on further oil and gas generation in terms of both the amount and composition in the high maturity stage. Gas production will be reduced by 50% when the expulsion coefficient reaches 58%, and gas from oil-expelled kerogen (less oil retained) is much drier than that from fresh kerogen. The oil expulsion also causes n-alkanes and gas compounds to have heavier carbon isotopic compositions at high maturity stages. The enrichment of ¹³C in n-alkanes and gas hydrocarbons are 1‰ and 4–6‰ respectively, compared to fresh kerogen. Oil expulsion may act as open system opposite to the oil retention that influences the data pattern in crossplots of δ¹³C₂–δ¹³C₃ versus C₂/C₃, δ¹³C₂–δ¹³C₃ versus δ¹³C₁ and δ¹³C₁–δ¹³C₂ versus ln(C₁/C₂), which are widely used for identification of gas from kerogen cracking or oil cracking. These results suggest that the reserve estimation and gas/source correlation in deep burial basins should consider the proportion of oil retention to oil expulsion the source rocks have experienced.  相似文献   

长江三角洲对流域输沙变化的响应:进展与问题   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

高抒 《地球科学进展》2010,25(3):233-241

流域变化对河流三角洲的影响已成为全球性的问题。由于流域水库建设的影响,长江输沙率自1980年以来呈现明显下降趋势,引发了研究人员对长江三角洲地貌和沉积响应问题的关注。在地貌上,海图对比和海岸冲淤观测的证据显示,长江输沙率目前已经低于冲淤平衡的临界值,使三角洲进入了蚀退阶段。分析表明,根据水下三角洲部分范围的沉积速率与河流输沙率的关系进行计算,会过低估计临界输沙率。对于水下三角洲整体而言,应根据沉积物滞留指数来更准确地估算临界输沙率,而且需要区分2个"临界输沙率",一个是保持三角洲体积的临界值,另一个是保持三角洲陆上部分面积的临界值。在沉积响应上,来自长江水下三角洲沉积中心的柱状样显示出沉积速率自下而上减小的趋势,反映了流域输沙率变化的影响。今后,如将柱状样采集区域扩大到沉积中心之外的整个水下三角洲范围,则所获得的数据不仅有助于沉积速率响应特征的全面了解,而且还可应用于沉积物滞留指数特征和控制因素的分析以及河口区碳循环过程变化的研究。此外,在长江三角洲沉积记录的分析方面,为了更好地提取气候、环境演化信息,应充分考虑沉积记录形成后所经历的自身变化(如成岩作用变化、分解和衰变等)和相对于岸线迁移的空间位置变化。  相似文献   

JZ9-3油田水质对聚合物3640C溶液黏度的影响分析     

杨光  张健  向问陶 《海洋地质译丛》2009,(2):48-50

实验研究了JZ9-3油田的3种水质（水源水、污水、清污混合水）对聚合物溶液剪切前后黏度的影响。结果显示：在相同浓度条件下,清污混合水配制的聚合物溶液黏度最高,其次是污水配制的聚合物溶液,水源水配制的聚合物溶液黏度最低;聚合物溶液经WARING搅拌器（1档3 500 rpm,20 s）剪切后的黏度保留率数据显示,污水配制的聚合物溶液剪切后黏度保留率最高,当浓度大于1 000 mg/L时,保留率在90%左右;最低的是水源水配制的聚合物溶液,保留率在55%左右。分析发现二价阳离子除了对聚合物溶液的黏度存在一定的影响外,对聚合物溶液剪切后的黏度保留率影响更大。  相似文献   

Delineation of hydrologically similar units in a watershed based on fuzzy classification of soil hydraulic properties     

Priyabrata Santra  Bhabani Sankar Das  Debashish Chakravarty 《水文研究》2011,25(1):64-79

Evaluation of flow and transport processes in a watershed‐scale requires that the watershed be divided into homogenous spatial units referred to as hydrologically similar units (HSUs). Although a few discretization schemes are already in use, a universally acceptable method of obtaining HSUs is yet to emerge. In this study, we developed a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to classify the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) and two water‐retention parameters α and n into fuzzy logic‐based soil hydrologic classes (FSHCs). Analysis of these classes showed that soil properties within an FSHC have less variability and those between two FSHCs have large variability. This result suggested that soils belonging to a specific FSHC may be more similar than those across different FSHCs and may be grouped together to represent an HSU. Soils within a specific hydrologic class were aggregated to delineate HSUs within the watershed. For the Dengei Pahad micro‐watershed (DPW), this approach showed five distinct regions representing a discretized zone having similar soil hydraulic properties. Application of this approach on a larger international database of soil hydraulic properties revealed that the developed hydrologic classes are quite comparable across different databases. The delineated HSUs based on these FSHCs were also better than the soil series map of the watershed in maintaining the soil heterogeneity of the watershed. Moreover, this new discretization scheme using the SWAT modelling environment showed better performance than the soil series‐based discretization approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献