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971.
无损检测技术在桩基检测等方面应用广泛,但如果桩体存在多层缺陷,采用常规测试手段评价桩体质量往往有一定的局限性,难以满足工程的特殊需要.采用跨孔电磁层析技术对桩基础进行检测,是一种新的尝试.文中结合工程实例比较了这一新的检测方法与低应变桩基动力检测结果以说明其效果. 相似文献
972.
河南省耕地质量存在问题与对策 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
随着可持续发展农业的兴起以及高产、高效、优质、生态、安全农业生产的需要,耕地质量逐渐成为人们关注的热点。防止耕地退化,维护和提高耕地质量的呼声日益高涨。文章系统地剖析了当前河南省耕地质量存在的主要问题:土壤养分偏低,城镇和村庄超标侵占优质耕地,工业"三废"和农业生产资料投入不合理污染耕地,土地荒漠化和水土流失等,加剧了耕地生态环境恶化。并针对这些问题提出了必须采取切实有效的法律、行政、经济、技术等综合措施,改善耕地生态环境,提高耕地质量,科学合理利用耕地和保护耕地,促进耕地资源的可持续利用。 相似文献
973.
The influence of topography and land use on water quality of Xiangxi River in Three Gorges Reservoir region 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to cluster the water quality data of Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.
The results showed that 81 sampling sites could be divided into several groups representing different land use types. The
forest dominated region had low concentrations of most nutrient variables except COD, whereas the agricultural region had
high concentrations of NO3N, TN, Alkalinity, and Hardness. The sites downstream of an urban area were high in NH3N, NO2N, PO4P and TP. Redundancy analysis was used to identify the individual effects of topography and land use on river water quality.
The results revealed that the watershed factors accounted for 61.7% variations of water quality in the Xiangxi River. Specifically,
topographical characteristics explained 26.0% variations of water quality, land use explained 10.2%, and topography and land
use together explained 25.5%. More than 50% of the variation in most water quality variables was explained by watershed characteristics.
However, water quality variables which are strongly influenced by urban and industrial point source pollution (NH3N, NO2N, PO4P and TP) were not as well correlated with watershed characteristics. 相似文献
974.
M. Chatterjee J. Canário S. K. Sarkar V. Branco A. K. Bhattacharya K. K. Satpathy 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(5):1125-1134
Mercury concentrations (HgT) in fine-grained fraction (<63 μm) of core sediments of the Hugli–Matla–Bidyadhari estuarine complex, India were analyzed.
Results revealed a wide range of spatial variations (<4–93 ng g−1 dry weight) with a definite enhancement level at the lower stretch of the estuarine complex infested with mangrove plants,
which might act as a sink to HgT. An elevated concentration of Hg was encountered in surface/subsurface layer of the core in majority of the cases resulting
from physical, biogenic and postdepositional diagenetic processes that remobilized and resuspended the metal from deeper sediments.
A strong positive correlation was observed between the Hg and clay fraction content of the sediments, while the correlations
of Hg with Al, Fe and Mn were poor. Based on the index of geoaccumulation (I
geo) and effects range-low (ER-L) value, it is considered that the sediments are less polluted and thus there is less chance
of ecotoxicological risk to organisms living in sediments. 相似文献
975.
M. Fontana F. Grassa G. Cusimano R. Favara S. Hauser C. Scaletta 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(4):885-898
In the Rocca Busambra area (mid-west Sicily, Italy), from November 1999 to July 2002, 23 water points including wells and
springs were sampled and studied for their chemical and isotopic compositions. Two rain gauges were also installed at different
altitudes, and rainwater was collected monthly to determine the isotopic composition. The obtained results revealed the Rocca
Busambra carbonate complex as being the main recharge area on account of its high permeability value. From a chemical view
point, two main groups of water can be distinguished: calcium–magnesium–bicarbonate-type and calcium–magnesium–chloride–sulphate-type
waters. The first group reflects the dissolution of the carbonate rocks; the second group probably originates from circulation
within flyschoid sediments. Three water wells differ from the other samples due to their relatively high Na and K content,
which probably is to be referred to a marked interaction with the “Calcareniti di Corleone” formation, which is rich in glauconite
[(K, Na)(Fe3+, Al, Mg)2(Si, Al)4O10(OH)2]. In accordance with WHO guidelines for drinking water (2004), almost all the samples collected can be considered drinkable,
with the exception of four of them, whose NO3
−, F− and Na+ contents exceed the limits. On the contrary, the sampled groundwater studied is basically suitable for irrigation. 相似文献
976.
Manish Kumar Bhawna Sharma AL. Ramanathan M. Someshwar Rao Bhishm Kumar 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(6):1171-1181
Present study is an effort to distinguish between the contributions of natural weathering and anthropogenic inputs towards
high salinity and nutrient concentrations in the groundwater of National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi, India. Apart from
the source identification, the aquifer of entire territory has been characterized and mapped on the basis of salinity in space
and water suitability with its depth. Major element chemistry, conventional graphical plots and specific ionic ratio of Na+/Cl−, SO4
2−/Cl−, Mg2+/Ca2+ and Ca2+/(HCO3
− + SO4
2−) are conjointly used to distinguish different salinization sources. Results suggest that leaching from the various unlined
landfill sites and drains is the prime cause of NO3
− contamination while study area is highly affected with inland salinity which is geogenic in origin. The seasonal water level
fluctuation and rising water level increases nutrients concentration in groundwater. Mixing with old saline sub-surface groundwater
and dissolution of surface salts in the salt affected soil areas were identified as the principle processes controlling groundwater
salinity through comparison of ionic ratio. Only minor increase of salinity is the result of evaporation effect and pollution
inflows. The entire territory has characterized into four groups as fresh, freshening, near freshening and saline with respect
to salinity in groundwater. The salinity mapping suggests that in general, for drinking needs, groundwater in the fresh, freshening
and near freshening zone is suitable up to a depth of 45, 20 and 12 m, respectively, while the saline zones are unsuitable
for any domestic use. In the consideration of increasing demand of drinking water in the area; present study is vital and
recommends further isotopic investigations and highlights the need of immediate management action for landfill sites and unlined
drains. 相似文献
977.
978.
979.
移动通讯数字地图系统的数据采集及质量控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对黑龙江移动通讯数字地图系统的数据结构进行了分析,叙述了各类数据的采集流程及其质量控制,可为通讯部门的数据采集提供参考。 相似文献
980.
Lionel Carter 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):263-282
Transport of seston (suspended sediment) in Pelorus Sound is controlled by tides and freshwater inflow. During high freshwater inflow, a moderately stratified estuarine circulation may be superimposed on the tidal circulation, but the latter dominates and transports seston seawards and landwards with the ebb and flood phases respectively. With extreme freshwater inflow, the estuarine circulation gains impetus and most seston is rapidly transported seaward in the low saline surface layer. Irrespective of circulation there is a persistent trend in seston concentrations. Highest values occur at the sound's head because of the influence of nearby Pelorus and Kaituna Rivers and because of resuspension of bottom sediment by strong tidal currents. Seston concentrations wane along the sound until near the entrance, where values increase as a result of greater production of biogenic seston and because additional seston is brought in from Cook Strait with the flood tide. This trend parallels variability in the thicknesses of muddy bottom sediments. Muds are thick at the head where an extensive delta extends from the river mouths; muds gradually thin seaward and then thicken markedly in the vicinity of the sound entrance. Seston weight and composition patterns and 3.5 kHz seismic profiles indicate Pelorus Sound acts as a double‐ended sediment trap. The upper reaches receive and retain river‐derived seston, whereas the sound entrance traps seston derived from Cook Strait. This situation appears to hold for both high and extremely high influxes of sediment. 相似文献