Sedimentological constraints on hydrometeor-enhanced particle deposition: 1992 Eruptions of Crater Peak, Alaska   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Adam J. Durant  William I. Rose 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,186(1-2):40

Water is a dominant component of volcanic clouds and has fundamental control on very fine particle deposition. Particle size characteristics of distal tephra-fall (100s km from source volcano) have a higher proportion of very fine particles compared to predictions based on single particle settling rates. In this study, sedimentological analyses of fallout from for the 18 August and 16–17 September 1992 eruptions of Crater Peak, Alaska, are combined with satellite observations, and cloud trajectory and microphysics modeling to investigate meteorological influences on particle sedimentation. Total grain size distributions of tephra fallout were reconstructed for both Crater Peak eruptions and indicate a predominance of fine particles < 125 μm. Polymodal analysis of the deposits has identified a particle subpopulation with mode ~ 15–18 μm involved in particle aggregation. Accounting for the magmatic water source only, calculated ice water content of the 3.7 hour old September 1992 Spurr cloud was ~ 4.5 × 10^− 2 g m^− 3 (based on an estimated cloud thickness of ~ 1000 m from trajectory modeling). Hydrometeor formation on particles in the volcanic cloud and subsequent sublimation may induce a cloud base instability that leads to rapid bulk (en masse) sedimentation of very fine particles through a mammatus-like mechanism.  相似文献   

The life history of Serratella ignita (Poda, 1761) (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in a temporary and permanent Mediterranean stream     

Manuel J. López-Rodríguez  J. Manuel Tierno de Figueroa  Javier Alba-Tercedor 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(2):179-188

  相似文献   

Structural vibration passive control and economic analysis of a high-rise building in Beijing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yongqi Chen  Tiezhu Cao  Liangzhe Ma  Chaoying Luo 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(4):561-568

Performance analysis of the Pangu Plaza under earthquake and wind loads is described in this paper.The plaza is a 39-story steel high-rise building,191 m high,located in Beijing close to the 2008 Olympic main stadium.It has both fluid viscous dampers(FVDs) and buckling restrained braces or unbonded brace(BRB or UBB) installed.A repeated iteration procedure in its design and analysis was adopted for optimization.Results from the seismic response analysis in the horizontal and vertical directions show that th...  相似文献   

Removal of Elongated Particle Aggregates on Fibrous Filters     

Lucija Boskovic  Igor S. Altman  Roger D. Braddock  Igor E. Agranovski 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(11):843-849

Elongated aerosol particle removal on fibrous filters has been investigated. It was shown that particle agglomerates are removed much more efficiently compared to the regularly shaped single particles with identical electrical mobility diameter at two filtration velocities tested. The experimental results were compared with the classical filtration theory and it was shown that the theoretical predictions, which are based on the assumption that the particles are spherical, are significantly different compared to an agglomerate filtration efficiency value. In order to account for a particle shape non-regularity, dominating nanoparticle removal mechanisms were firstly evaluated for a regular particle of certain size and then adjusted by fitting coefficients k₁ (for diffusion component) and k₂ (for interception). These coefficients were determined by fitting the theoretical values that gives the best coincidence with the measured data points. As was further demonstrated theoretically, the coefficient k₁ is identical to the ratio of the actual particle surface area to the surface area of the spherical particle of the equivalent diameter. On the other hand, the coefficient k₂ was found to be equal to the ratio of the projection of a given particle on a plane perpendicular to a streamline, to that of the spherical particle of the equivalent diameter. The reported findings would allow undertaking more accurate evaluation of the removal efficiency of non-regular aerosol particle, which is especially important for industrial applications where non-regular aerosols are frequently met.  相似文献   

滑坡次生灾害损失评估方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢全敏  李道明  翟鹏程 《岩土力学》2007,28(5):961-964

针对目前滑坡灾害破坏损失评估研究还没有涉及滑坡次生灾害破坏损失评估方面的研究,提出并建立了滑坡次生灾害破坏损失的评估模型与方法。应用故障树分析法（FTA）和事件树分析法（ETA）相结合的因果图方法对滑坡次生灾害作可靠性分析,由此对滑坡次生灾害损失进行了预测及评估。  相似文献   

油气初次运移理论新探     

李传亮  张景廉  杜志敏 《地学前缘》2007,14(6):132-142

应用渗流力学的基本原理,研究油气初次运移的机制问题。研究认为,油气的初次运移是以连续相、而不是以溶液相和扩散相的形式进行的;油气初次运移的动力是浮力,因而初次运移的方向是向上的;油气初次运移所需的时间与源岩的渗透能力有关,与油气的粘度有关,还与源岩的厚度有关;油气藏的异常高压是一种暂时的压力状态,气藏的异常高压多于油藏,新生油气藏多于古油气藏;油气初次运移的通道就是源岩的粒间孔隙,源岩的非均质性和微裂缝对油气初次运移十分不利,因形成微油气藏而降低油气运移效率;源岩的厚度越大,越有利于油气聚集;“倒灌”现象是不存在的,缺少基本的动力驱动,基岩油气藏的形成是二次运移过程中侧向运移的结果。初次运移与二次运移具有相同的动力机制、运移相态和运移方向,因而两者是完全统一的。  相似文献   

Windows下的土坡稳定性分析研究     

李军  王星华  秦曦青 《岩土力学》2006,27(8):1365-1368

利用CAD二次开发技术,对边坡进行稳定性分析,采用的计算方法为瑞典圆弧滑面条分法。通过编程计算,能得到该边坡的任意滑面的安全系数和最危险滑面位置及其安全系数,该程序有良好的Windows风格的用户界面,直观、形象的计算过程,简单明了的输出结果,是进行边坡稳定分析的新选择  相似文献   

基于FLAC3D岩石黏弹塑性流变模型的二次开发研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

褚卫江  徐卫亚  杨圣奇  周维垣 《岩土力学》2006,27(11):2005-2010

由于岩土介质的复杂多样性,通用分析软件所提供的岩石流变本构模型往往不能满足工程实际数值分析的需要。依据FLAC3D（Version 2.1）所提供的二次开发程序接口,结合西原黏弹塑性流变模型分析了二次开发程序运行的基本原理,给出了西原流变模型具体实施的程序框图和代码编写中应该注意的几个关键技术。通过一个简单的算例验证了程序编制的正确性与可靠性。由于采用了面向对象的程序技术,FLAC3D二次开发接口更加简单实用,提供的研究思路可为其他流变本构模型的二次开发提供参考。  相似文献   

上海人工二次冻融土无侧限抗压强度研究     

肖忠华  胡向东  皮爱如  刘瑞锋 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):497-500

随着上海地下空间的开发利用,冻结法越来越广泛地用于隧道建设中。为了避免冻结法施工中可能产生的地质灾害问题,有必要对上海软土地区的土体冻融过程中物理力学性能进一步地研究。通过对上海软土某工程3种不同的土样原状土、一次冻融土、二次冻融土进行不同状态下土力学试验,得到了土体在二次冻融循环作用下物理力学特征的变化规律。研究结果对隧道的设计提供了有价值的参考。  相似文献   

Gas-Phase Formation of Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere: A Retrosynthetic Analysis     

Betty K. Pun  Christian Seigneur  Daniel Grosjean  Pradeep Saxena 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,35(2):199-223

Atmospheric particles contain a myriad of organiccompounds, including many multifunctional,water-soluble organic compounds. Many of thesecompounds are postulated to be secondary of origin. This work investigates the possible precursors ofseveral classes of multifunctional, water-solublesecondary organic compounds by analyzing the pathwaysleading to their formation, based on known gas-phasereactions. The analysis is termed `retrosynthetic'due to the backward direction of the analysis, fromproducts to precursors. Pathways for multi-functionalcompounds were generated combinatorially, consideringthe formation of one functional group at a time.Many multifunctional organic compounds with carboxylicacid, carbonyl, and hydroxy functional groups werefound to be first- or second-generation products ofcommon anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organiccompounds such as alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, andcyclic alkenes. The estimated yields of water-solubleorganic compounds from primary precursors ranged fromless than 1% to over 10%, based on stoichiometricconsiderations. The SOA formation index, whichcombines the concepts of yields and rates, was used tocompare the feasibility of the retrosyntheticpathways. Many of the candidate pathways involve theisomerization reaction of alkoxy radicals andoxygenated intermediate products such asmonocarboxylic acids and hydroxyaldehydes.  相似文献