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961.
Hsueh-Yu Lu 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(6):1029-1041
A new method has been developed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity in unconsolidated aquifers. The method uses bulk geochemical
compositions correlated with hydraulic conductivities measured by pumping tests. The concept is based on a general rule that
hydraulic conductivity is principally controlled by grain-size distribution and particle shape,both of which relate to mineralogical
composition. Using a MINLITH algorithm, normative mineralogical compositions can be derived from bulk geochemical compositions
economically and expediently, and then correlated to the hydraulic conductivity determined by pumping tests in the field.
In this study, 202 sediment samples from nine unconsolidated aquifers were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. Although hydraulic
conductivity does not show a definite relationship with geochemical compositions, it does demonstrate a linear logarithmic
equation to the content of normative earthy minerals. However, linear regressed equations should not be applied to aquifers
composed of medium to coarse sand and gravel sizes due to interference from lithic fragments. In addition, this equation tends
to overestimate hydraulic conductivity possibly because the effect of compaction is ignored in this study. 相似文献
962.
A Combined Three-Dimensional Geological-Geostatistical-Numerical Model of Underground Excavations in Rock 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Summary. This paper exploits geological and borehole geotechnical data obtained in the exploratory phase of a tunneling project to
investigate in a first place if the kriging interpolation scheme may effectively reproduce the spatial variability of rock
mass quality (Rock Mass Rating, RMR) in the vicinity of tunnels. For this purpose a quick solver in Fortran has been developed
that performs variography analysis of 3D spatial data, fast kriging estimations of RMR between borehole sampling locations
at the centroids of the elements of the numerical model, and model validation. For the purpose of an integrated underground
excavation design, a step further is made by incorporating into the 3D mechanical numerical model of the rock mass, the three-dimensional
(3D) solid geological model, thus coupling the geology with the ground (geotechnical) model (i.e. each element of the numerical
model is assigned a geological material). The mechanical properties of each finite difference cell (or Representative Elementary
Volume) of the ground model were then prescribed according to its geological type, the spatial heterogeneity of the rock mass
expressed quantitatively with the kriging model, and the upscaling calculations of the mechanical properties of the intact
rocks determined in the laboratory, based on the size-effect (strength dependence on size) and Damage Theory. Furthermore,
a preliminary numerical simulation of the advance of unsupported tunnels in the model of the heterogeneous rock mass was performed
for illustration purposes. 相似文献
963.
针对渤海湾曹妃甸海域波浪、潮流、泥沙及海床演变特点,应用波流共同作用下二维泥沙数学模型研究港区开发方案。2006年冬季和夏季大、小潮潮流泥沙验证表明,该海域潮位及15条同步垂线流速、流向、含沙量过程的计算值与实测值吻合良好,并进行了矿石码头港池前沿海域在潮流与波浪共同作用下悬沙引起的冲淤验证,计算的冲淤厚度及其分布趋势与实测值比较接近。在此基础上,研究了曹妃甸前岛后陆的港区围垦方案对水动力环境的影响问题,包括该工程引起的曹妃甸甸头以南深槽、老龙沟深槽及各港池的流速变化及底床的冲淤变形等。 相似文献
964.
965.
V. N. Sergeev M. A. Semikhatov M. A. Fedonkin A. F. Veis N. G. Vorob’eva 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(2):141-160
Expounded in this work are the results of critical consideration of published and original data on biologic nature and appearance chronology of different groups of Archean and Lower Proterozoic (3.5–1.65 Ga) paleontological remains known from geological record. Conclusions are substantiated by morphological analysis of structurally preserved microfossils, their facies distribution, and by inferable genesis and principal evolutionary trends of Archean stromatolites. A special attention is paid to variations of organic and carbonate carbon isotope composition in sedimentary successions with paleontological remains and to recent information about discovered, most ancient biomarkers of large groups of organic world. As a result of this approach, a detailed model of Precambrian organic world evolution is suggested. 相似文献
966.
Cosmas Kongnyuy Shang Muharrem Satir Emmanuel Nkonguin Nsifa Jean-Paul Liégeois Wolfgang Siebel Heiner Taubald 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(5):817-841
We present a geochemical and isotopic study that, consistent with observed field relations, suggest Sangmelima late Archaean
high-K granite was derived by partial melting of older Archaean TTG. The TTG formations are sodic-trondhjemitic, showing calcic
and calc-alkalic trends and are metaluminous to peraluminous. High-K granites in contrast show a potassic calc-alkaline affinity
that spans the calcic, calc-alkalic, alkali-calcic and alkalic compositions. The two rock groups (TTG and high-K granites)
on the other hand are both ferroan and magnesian. They have a similar degree of fractionation for LREE but a different one
for HREE. Nd model ages and Sr/Y ratios define Mesoarchaean and slab-mantle derived magma compositions respectively, with
Nb and Ti anomalies indicating a subduction setting for the TTG. Major and trace element in addition to Sr and Nd isotopic
compositions support field observations that indicate the derivation of the high-K granitic group from the partial melting
of the older TTG equivalent at depth. Geochemical characteristics of the high-K granitic group are therefore inherited features
from the TTG protolith and cannot be used for determining their tectonic setting. The heat budget required for TTG partial
melting is ascribed to the upwelling of the mantle marked by a doleritic event of identical age as the generated high-K granite
melts. The cause of this upwelling is related to linear delamination along mega-shear zones in an intracontinental setting. 相似文献
967.
Wang Xiuxi Li Jijun Song Chunhui Zhang Jun Zhao Zhijun Gao Junping Pan Meihui 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(3):304-308
The Cenozoic sedimentation in the Tianshui basin, which is located at the junction of the liupanshan and West Qinling, northeast
margin of the Tibetan plateau, provides a record for the regional tectonism and exhumation history of the surrounding mountains.
Thermochronologic study on the detrital apatite grains from sandstones at Yaodian, near Tianshui, has revealed two rapid tectonic
uplift-exhumation events of the source area, which happened at 23.7 and 14.1 Ma, respectively. The fast exhumation (0.34 mm/a)
at 23.7 Ma, which recorded the tectonic uplift of West Qinling, led to the formation of the Neogene Tianshui basin and initiated
the reception of alluvial deposits. This event is most likely in response to the synchronous tectonism of the Tibetan plateau.
The source region experienced another rapid exhumation (1.05 mm/a) at 14.1 Ma, when the Tianshui basin began to depress broadly
and fluvial-lacustrine sediments dominated the Late Miocene.
Translated from Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2006, 24(6): 783–789 [译自: 沉积学报] 相似文献
968.
In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of stable carbon isotope ratios (δ
13C) in the desert plant Reaumuria soongorica, the δ
13C values of leaves were measured in 407 individuals of 21 populations. Soil physicochemical properties including soil water
content, soil total dissolved solids, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus and soil organic content were also analyzed
in order to survey the major factors influencing δ
13C values on spatial variation. Leaves and soil samples were simultaneously collected from the ten major distribution areas
in Northwest China at altitudes from 394 m to 1 987 m above sea level, at latitudes from 36°10′N to 44°33′N, and at longitudes
from 81°43′E to 106°37′E. These ten areas include Shihezi, Baicheng, Yiwu areas in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Anxi,
Zhangye, Baiyin, Lanzhou areas in Gansu Province; Shapotou, Yinchuan areas in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; and Alashan County
in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results show that the δ
13C value of R. soongorica ranges from −22.77‰ to −29.85‰ with an average of −26.52‰. Foliar d13C values in R. soongorica are not significantly correlated with altitude, latitude or longitude, and a spatial distribution trend of d13C values of
R. soongorica is not obvious on a large scale. However, when d13C values of two R. soongorica populations under the same climate conditions are compared, δ
13C values increase obviously from east to west and from north to south. As none of the soil total dissolved solids, soil total
nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, and soil organic content shows a uniform trend from east to west and from north to south,
we suppose that the small-scaled spatial distribution pattern of δ
13C values of R. soongorica is mainly controlled by the soil water content.
Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2006, 26(6): 947–954 [译自: 第四纪研究] 相似文献
969.
对西藏古乡沟泥石流模型试验中的模型砂配制进行了研究,旨在保证模型试验的合理性和科学性,从而为泥石流灾害防治工程提供可靠的设计依据。通过对泥石流形成区和堆积区样品的粒径分析,根据模型试验的目的和条件,选定模型的几何比尺为1∶100,但模型砂的配制采用泥砂分段模拟法,原型中小于0.1 mm的颗粒不缩小,仍按重量百分比配制;原型中大于0.1 mm的颗粒按相似比尺缩小后用小于0.1 mm模型砂代替。并通过模型样品的选用和粒径组合对泥石流体以及堆积扇的模型砂配制过程进行了详细的分析研究,使模型试验获得了比较好的结果。 相似文献
970.
Brent B. Wolfe Matthew D. Falcone Ken P. Clogg-Wright Cherie L. Mongeon Yi Yi Bronwyn E. Brock Natalie A. St. Amour William A. Mark Thomas W. D. Edwards 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,37(2):221-231
Recent advances in sample preparation techniques and mass spectrometry have fostered more routine oxygen isotope analysis
of aquatic cellulose in lake sediment cores, a proxy for lake water oxygen isotope history. These methodological developments
have significantly increased the feasibility of incorporating this approach into high-resolution, multi-site, and multi-proxy
studies, which are frequently necessary to answer complex hydrological, hydroecological and hydroclimatic questions requiring
a paleoenvironmental perspective. Direct translation of lake sediment aquatic cellulose oxygen isotope composition into lake
water oxygen isotope composition offers appreciable opportunity for quantitative paleohydrological reconstructions, as evidenced
by studies conducted over the past 15 years that span Holocene and pre-historical timescales. 相似文献