南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩研究进展及其对大洋钻探选址的指导意义     

尉建功  苗晓明  李景瑞  李文静  张云山  但孝鹏 《地质学报》2022,96(8):2800-2808

冷泉系统在大陆边缘海域中广泛发育，我国的南海北部海域因其独特的地质条件成为了研究冷泉系统的天然实验室。在冷泉系统中，由于甲烷厌氧氧化作用的存在，极大地促进了碳酸盐岩等自生特征矿物的形成。而自生碳酸盐岩继承了冷泉环境中的地球化学特征，是记录冷泉活动信息的优良载体。近十几年以来，国内外科学家对南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩进行了大量的研究，取得了一系列的成果，但有关南海北部碳酸盐岩最新研究成果的整体认识和未来的研究方向仍缺乏相应的汇总分析。因此，本文对近年来南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩的相关研究成果进行了综述。目前研究主要关注冷泉碳酸盐岩的成岩过程及其环境影响，包括流体来源、氧化还原环境、元素循环等，而有关冷泉活动对全球变暖和碳循环影响的研究较少；同时大多研究基于单一期次的冷泉活动，有关地质历史时期的冷泉活动鲜有报道。本文在对已有研究基础上进行综述，认为未来需要在南海北部合适的区域进行大洋钻探，重建地质历史时期以来的冷泉活动，探讨其对全球变暖和碳循环的影响。基于前期的工作成果，笔者认为琼东南海域和东沙海域冷泉区是对地质历史时期冷泉活动进行深入研究的理想区域。  相似文献   

台西南深海底栖有孔虫及其5万年来冷泉微生境变迁记录     

苏新  曲莹  陈芳  杨胜雄  周洋  崔鸿鹏  于翀涵  滕田田 《地学前缘》2020,27(6):255-275

为探讨冷泉区底栖有孔虫组合特征、受控因素及其冷泉微生境随时间的变迁,本文对台西南海盆取自九龙甲烷礁和海洋四号区冷泉区的973-4和973-5两根岩心展开了底栖有孔虫及其壳体氧碳同位素研究。测年结果揭示两根岩心为晚更新世约5万年来海洋氧同位素期(MIS)MIS 3至MIS 1早期的沉积序列。两个站位共识别了底栖有孔虫79属233种,优势类别在973-4组合中为Uvigerina(23.3%)、Bulimina(10.71%)和Cibicidoides(9.87%),在973-5组合中是Bulimina(20.6%),两站位的组合优势和常见属种均以内生类别为主。有孔虫分异度显然同时受到正常深海环境因子TOC和沉积物粒度的影响。总体上,优势和常见类群与TOC相关性较弱,但与δ¹⁸O_{Uvigerina spp.}有不同程度的相关性,说明有孔虫还受冷泉特殊营养物质和流体因子影响。5万年来,973-4和973-5站位底栖有孔虫组合生活的冷泉微生境,经历了由双壳-自生碳酸盐岩(MIS 3至MIS 2早期)向双壳-菌席(MIS 2晚期至MIS 1早期)的变迁。底栖有孔虫的优势类群也随微生境的变迁而演替,如973-4站位MIS 3-MIS 1的优势类群依次为U.peregrina、Cibicidoides-Bulimina、U.vadescens和Cibicides,973-5站位为Chilostomella+ Globobulimina、Cibicidoides、Bulimina。有孔虫壳体氧碳同位素特征也随时间改变,从MIS 3到MIS 2早期,在自生碳酸盐岩水岩交换背景下,具有富δ¹⁸O和亏损δ¹³C特点(3.5‰~4.49‰,-2‰~-0.2‰); MIS 2晚期—MIS 1早期因双壳和菌席的生物地球化学作用影响,具有略富集δ¹⁸O和略微亏损δ¹³C的特征(2.5‰~3.5‰,-1‰~-0.1‰)。自5万年来两个区甲烷渗漏逐渐减弱,其间发生了几次增强事件。973-4站位记录了1次持续时间约10 ka的增强事件(35~25 ka);973-5站位记录3次(45 ka,35 ka,14~12 ka)。其中,45 ka时海底上涌的甲烷通量可能最大,在海底表面形成水合物。35 ka时的甲烷喷溢增强事件可能为区域性事件。  相似文献   

海底甲烷冷泉特征与冷泉生态系统的群落结构   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈忠  杨华平  黄奇瑜  陆钧  颜文 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(6):73-82

海底冷泉及冷泉生态系统是现代海洋地质学和生物学研究的前沿领域,它提升了人类对深海资源的认识和利用,拓展了深海极端环境下生命的潜在界线。综述了海底甲烷冷泉的成因、冷泉喷发的类型及其特征,海底冷泉分布、形成的主要阶段(150—100Ma BP,42—28Ma BP和12Ma BP以来)以及指示海底冷泉系统的简要特征;综述了冷泉化能自养生态系统及其食物链构成和特征,专性种、潜在专性种和非专性种的生物组成及其特征,冷泉环境中有孔虫和轻小型底栖动物的主要变化;最后划分了我国近海的冷泉区(点)并简要介绍它们的分布和特征,为开展我国近海冷泉及其冷泉生物群落的调查和研究提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

深海囊螂蛤铁蛋白的环境选择压力分析     

孔雪  王玮  蔡月凤  李亚男  张驰乐  张海滨  申欣 《海洋通报》2023,(5)

深海环境常有高压、极端温度、富含重金属、黑暗、寡营养等特点。生活在该种特殊环境中的生物可能演绎出不同机制适应此生境。囊螂科贝类是深海冷泉/热液区的优势物种,拟通过对来自冷泉/热液区囊螂科贝类铁蛋白进行环境选择压力分析,以期解析其适应深海特殊生境（高铁环境、高静水压）的机制。首先,通过本地比对的方式获得了囊螂蛤和其近缘种铁蛋白的核苷酸和氨基酸序列,其均有ferritin保守功能域和相应的保守位点。其中,囊螂蛤铁蛋白Cmfer-2、Cmagfer-3、Pofer-3属于M型铁蛋白,其他归属为H型铁蛋白。 Cmagfer-4和Pofer-4可初步判断为分泌型铁蛋白,而其他囊螂蛤铁蛋白与胞质型铁蛋白聚为一支。为了探索环境因素对深海贝类铁蛋白的影响,运用PAML软件对深浅海铁蛋白进行了选择压力分析。 结果显示总共鉴定到8个正选择位点,其后验概率大于95%。其中,在含有嗜压氨基酸的对应组中,约50%浅海位点置换为嗜压的氨基酸,进一步证明了17A、 55R、171S氨基酸置换是铁蛋白适应深海压力变化的一种策略。更进一步研究发现69 K→I/T/M和171 E/K→S由带电荷的极性氨基酸置换为不带电荷的氨基酸,并且大部分受到选择的位点位于蛋白的N端和C端,深海囊螂蛤铁蛋白可能通过特定氨基酸极性的转变和分布区域的改变来适应深海特殊环境。本文通过深浅海贝类铁蛋白的分析来为深海生物对极端环境的适应研究提供一些信息和见解。  相似文献   

The influence of coupling mode of methane leakage and debris input on anaerobic oxidation of methane     

Rui Xie  Daidai Wu  Jie Liu  Guangrong Jin  Tiantian Sun  Lihua Liu  Nengyou Wu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(8):78-88

Anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) is an important biogeochemical process, which has important scientific significance for global climate change and atmospheric evolution. This research examined the δ~(34)S, terrigenous clastic indices of TiO_2 and Al_2O_3, and times for formation of the Ba front at site SH1, site SH3 and site 973-4 in the South China Sea. Three different coupling mechanisms of deposition rate and methane flux were discovered. The different coupling mechanisms had different effects on the role of AOM. At site 973-4, a high deposition rate caused a rapid vertical downward migration of the sulphate–methane transition zone(SMTZ), and the higher input resulted in mineral dissolution. At site SH3, the deposition rate and methane flux were basically in balance,so the SMTZ and paleo-SMTZ were the most stable of any site, and these were in a slow process of migration. At site SH1, the methane flux dominated the coupled mode, so the movement of the SMTZ at site SH1 was consistent with the general understanding. Understanding the factors influencing the SMTZ is important for understanding the early diagenesis process.  相似文献   

冷泉系统研究国际发展态势分析     

张灿影  王琳  於维樱  冯志纲  孔秀  张晓琨 《海洋科学》2018,42(10):82-93

以Web of Science信息平台的SCIE数据库为数据源,利用文献计量方法,分析国际冷泉系统研究的年度变化、期刊分布、主要研究国家、机构的影响力及合作情况以及国际研究热点领域。研究结果发现:国际冷泉系统研究论文产量一直呈增长趋势;美国论文产出数量最多、合作中心性最强。德国亥姆霍兹国家研究中心联合会发文最多。中国近三年发文比例和第一国家发文比例均排名第一,其中发文最多的机构为中国科学院。微生物甲烷厌氧氧化、冷泉区生物多样性以及冷泉碳酸盐岩的矿物学和地球化学是研究热点。  相似文献   

海底甲烷缺氧氧化与冷泉碳酸盐岩沉淀动力学研究进展   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

冯东  陈多福  苏正  刘芊 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(3):125-131

海底缺氧带甲烷氧化作用是一个重要的甲烷生物地球化学过程,已被许多地球化学现象所证实。甲烷缺氧氧化有效地减少了渗漏到海水和大气中的甲烷通量,但目前仅有的数据还不能很好地限定甲烷缺氧氧化在全球甲烷循环和全球碳循环中的作用。甲烷缺氧氧化的机理还存在争议,很可能是一个“反甲烷生成”过程。在许多天然气渗漏发育区域,由于甲烷缺氧氧化作用引起环境碱度的增加而沉淀冷泉碳酸盐岩,在海底表层沉积物中形成块状碳酸盐岩结壳。但冷泉碳酸盐岩生成所需的物理化学和生物地球化学条件在很大程度上还不清楚。数值计算表明,孔隙水中溶解足够量的甲烷、冷泉渗漏强度适中、较小的生物扰动作用有利于冷泉碳酸盐岩的生成,而过高的沉积速率则抑制冷泉碳酸盐岩结壳的生成。因此,海底发育冷泉碳酸盐岩可以指示天然气渗漏系统的演化特征。  相似文献   

Why did ancient chemosynthetic seep and vent assemblages occur in shallower water than they do today?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. Russell Callender  E. N. Powell 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1999,88(3):377-391

 Cold-seep communities have relatively low diversity, are dominated by one or two taxa present in high density and high biomass in comparison with the surrounding fauna, and are restricted to aphotic habitats. Their associated heterotrophic fauna are usually distinctive from the fauna of their surroundings. In contrast, a more commonplace chemoautotrophically based community occurs in shallow photic habitats. The associated heterotrophic fauna includes many of the species typical of the surrounding communities and typically dominates abundance, whereas the species with chemoautotrophic symbionts dominate biomass. All modern seep assemblages are deeper than 550 m. Many fossil seep assemblages occurred in water as shallow as the mid-shelf (<200 m). In contrast, communities where species with chemoautotrophic symbionts are biomass dominants, but not numerical dominants, are common in shallow waters at present but rarely reported in the geological record. We suggest that the absence of cold-seep communities on the continental shelf presently is due to a combination of predation and competitive exclusion by primary consumers limiting the presence of species dependent on chemoautotrophic symbionts. We suggest that cold-seep assemblages are more common at shelf depths in the fossil record for two reasons: (a) The biases of preservation have accentuated their distribution by transforming communities where species with chemoautotrophic symbionts dominate by biomass, but not numerically, into cold-seep-appearing assemblages. (b) The importance of predation pressure and oligotrophy has varied, with decreased predation pressure accompanying increased oligotrophy favoring cold-seep communities. We suggest that the paucity of shallow-water assemblages with species harboring chemoautotrophic symbionts as biomass dominants in the fossil record is based on the reliance of paleoecological analysis on numerical abundance data when energy flow analyses are required to identify these assemblages. The distinctiveness of the fossil seep assemblage is intensified by taphonomic processes that bias the assemblage against small individuals and epifaunal species, so that diversity declines, the small heterotrophic component of the assemblage is significantly reduced, and the epifaunal component is minimized. The final assemblage is usually dominated by the better-preserved large infaunal clams which perchance are also the species with chemoautotrophic symbionts. In contrast, preservation does not enhance the distinctiveness of these chemoautotroph-harboring species in shallow water. Received: 16 April 1998 / Accepted: 29 June 1999  相似文献   

The influence of geological, geochemical, and biogenic habitat heterogeneity on seep biodiversity     

Erik E. Cordes  Marina R. Cunha  Joëlle Galéron  Camilo Mora  Karine Olu-Le Roy  Myriam Sibuet  Saskia Van Gaever  Ann Vanreusel  & Lisa A. Levin 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(1):51-65

Cold seeps are among the most heterogeneous of all continental margin habitats. Abiotic sources of heterogeneity in these systems include local variability in fluid flow, geochemistry, and substrate type, which give rise to different sets of microbial communities, microbial symbiont-bearing foundation species, and associated heterotrophic species. Biogenic habitats created by microbial mats and the symbiotic species including vesicomyid clams, bathymodiolin mussels, and siboglinid tubeworms add an additional layer of complexity to seep habitats. These forms of habitat heterogeneity result in a variety of macrofaunal and meiofaunal communities that respond to changes in structural complexity, habitat geochemistry, nutrient sources, and interspecific interactions in different ways and at different scales. These responses are predicted by a set of theoretical metacommunity models, the most appropriate of which for seep systems appears to be the 'species sorting' concept, an extension of niche theory. This concept is demonstrated through predictable patterns of community assembly, succession, and beta-level diversity. These processes are described using a newly developed analytical technique examining the change in the slope of the species accumulation curve with the number of habitats examined. The diversity response to heterogeneity has a consistent form, but quantitatively changes at different seep sites around the world as the types of habitats present and the size-classes of fauna analyzed change. The increase in beta diversity across seep habitat types demonstrates that cold seeps and associated biogenic habitats are significant sources of heterogeneity on continental margins globally.  相似文献   

南海北部陆坡九龙甲烷礁冷泉碳酸盐岩沉积岩石学特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

邬黛黛  吴能友  叶瑛  韩喜球  黄永样  SUESS E 《热带海洋学报》2009,28(3):74-81

本文对南海北部陆坡九龙甲烷礁采集的两个冷泉碳酸盐岩样品TVG-1和TVG-11进行了矿物学、岩石学和碳氧同位素分析研究。X射线衍射分析（XRD）结果表明,自生矿物主要为文石、白云石和高镁方解石等,碎屑矿物含量较少。TVG-11中存在大量的文石,而TVG-1只保留了已转化为方解石的文石假象,据此可以推断TVG-1的形成要早于TVG-11。扫描电镜（SEM）显微结构特征显示,自生矿物主要是通过细菌的厌氧氧化作用,直接从冷泉中沉淀出来的。碳、氧同位素测试结果显示,碳酸盐岩具有强δ^13C亏损和一定程度的δ^18O富集的特征,TVG-1和TVG-11的δ^13C值分别为-46．22％。和-52．88％,均低于-40%,表明碳源于微生物作用的甲烷厌氧氧化,是指示该海域存在冷泉的重要证据;TVG-1和TVG-11的δ^18O值分别为3．19‰和4．07‰,存在一定程度的δ^18O富集。碳氧同位素和矿物的显微结构特征都说明九龙甲烷礁碳酸盐岩是烃类渗漏微生物作用而形成的自生碳酸盐岩,可能是天然气水合物分解引起的沉积,显示该区存在水合物的可能性很大。  相似文献