The Structure of A Turbulent Jet in A Crossfiow--Effect of Jet-Crossfiow Velocity     

Joseph  H.W.LEE 《中国海洋工程》2002,16(1):1-20

A comprehensive numerical study on the three-dimensional structure of a turbulent jet in crossflow is performed. Thejet-to-crossflow velocity ratio (R) varies in the range of 2 ～ 16; both vertical jets and inclined jets without excess streamwisemomentum are considered. The numerical results of the standard two-equation k-~ model show that the turbulent structurecan be broadly categorised according to the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio. For strong to moderate jet discharges, i.e. R >4, the jet is characterized by a longitudinal transition through a bent-over phase during which the jet becomes almost parallelwith the main freestream, to a sectional vortex-pair flow with double concentration maxima; the computed flow details andscalar mixing characteristics can be described by self-similar relations beyond a dimensionless distance of around 20 ～ 60.The similarity coefficients are only weakly dependent on R. The cross-section scalar field is kidney-shaped and bifurcated,with distinct double concentration maxima; the aspect ratio is found to be around 1.2. A loss in vertical momentum is ob-served and the added mass coefficient of the jet motion is found to be approximately 1. On the other hand, for weak jets instrong crossflow, i.e. R≤ 2, the lee of the jet is characterized by a negative pressure region. Although the double vortexflow can still be noted, the scalar field becomes more symmetrical and no longer bifurcated. The similarity coeffcients are al-so noticeably different. The predicted jet flow characteristics and mixing rates are well supported by experimental and field data  相似文献   

Ground response curves for rock masses exhibiting strain‐softening behaviour     

E. Alonso  L. R. Alejano  F. Varas  G. Fdez‐Manin  C. Carranza‐Torres 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2003,27(13):1153-1185

A literature review has shown that there exist adequate techniques to obtain ground reaction curves for tunnels excavated in elastic‐brittle and perfectly plastic materials. However, for strain‐softening materials it seems that the problem has not been sufficiently analysed. In this paper, a one‐dimensional numerical solution to obtain the ground reaction curve (GRC) for circular tunnels excavated in strain‐softening materials is presented. The problem is formulated in a very general form and leads to a system of ordinary differential equations. By adequately defining a fictitious ‘time’ variable and re‐scaling some variables the problem is converted into an initial value one, which can be solved numerically by a Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method, which is implemented in MATLAB environment. The method has been developed for various common particular behaviour models including Tresca, Mohr–Coulomb and Hoek–Brown failure criteria, in all cases with non‐associative flow rules and two‐segment piecewise linear functions related to a principal strain‐dependent plastic parameter to model the transition between peak and residual failure criteria. Some particular examples for the different failure criteria have been run, which agree well with closed‐form solutions—if existing—or with FDM‐based code results. Parametric studies and specific charts are created to highlight the influence of different parameters. The proposed methodology intends to be a wider and general numerical basis where standard and newly featured behaviour modes focusing on obtaining GRC for tunnels excavated in strain‐softening materials can be implemented. This way of solving such problems has proved to be more efficient and less time consuming than using FEM‐ or FDM‐based numerical 2D codes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Bedform spurs: a result of a trailing helical vortex wake     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(1):191-208

The formative conditions for bedform spurs and their roles in bedform dynamics and associated sediment transport are described herein. Bedform spurs are formed by helical vortices that trail from the lee surface of oblique segments of bedform crest lines. Trailing helical vortices quickly route sediment away from the lee surface of their parent bedform, scouring troughs and placing this bed material into the body of the spur. The geometric configuration of bedform spurs to their parent bedform crests is predicted by a cross‐stream Strouhal number. When present, spur‐bearing bedforms and their associated trailing helical wakes exert tremendous control on bedform morphology by routing enhanced sediment transport between adjacent bedforms. Field measurements collected at the North Loup River, Nebraska, and flume experiments described in previous studies demonstrate that this trailing helical vortex‐mediated sediment transport is a mechanism for bedform deformation, interactions and transitions between two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional bedforms.  相似文献   

Mechanisms to limit higher mode effects in a controlled rocking steel frame. 1: Concept,modelling, and low‐amplitude shake table testing     

Lydell Wiebe  Constantin Christopoulos  Robert Tremblay  Martin Leclerc 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(7):1053-1068

Controlled rocking steel frames have been proposed as an efficient way to avoid the structural damage and residual deformations that are expected in conventional seismic force resisting systems. Although the base rocking response is intended to limit the force demands, higher mode effects can amplify member design forces, reducing the viability of the system. This paper suggests that seismic forces may be limited more effectively by providing multiple force‐limiting mechanisms. Two techniques are proposed: detailing one or more rocking joints above the base rocking joint and providing a self‐centring energy dissipative (SCED) brace at one or more levels. These concepts are applied to the design of an eight‐storey prototype structure and a shake table model at 30% scale. A simple numerical model that was used as a design tool is in good agreement with frequency characterization and low‐amplitude seismic tests of the shake table model, particularly when multiple force‐limiting mechanisms are active. These results suggest that the proposed mechanisms can enable better capacity design by reducing the variability of peak seismic force demands without causing excessive displacements. Similar results are expected for other systems that rely on a single location of concentrated nonlinearity to limit peak seismic loads. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Magento在自驾天气服务中的应用     

雷升锴  刘红阳  张祥峰 《气象科技》2013,41(5):955-959

为满足用户对公共气象服务更精细化、个性化的要求,研制了自驾天气服务系统.该系统采用Magento系统作为门户网站,利用JMS完成各服务器之间的通信,使用GMAP API获取路线信息,应用Mysql数据库和NC文件存储库存储服务信息和气象信息.通过SSL安全认证,支付宝,GMAP API和JMS与门户网站集成的方法,完成用户定制自驾天气服务产品的功能.目前,该系统已经进入试运行阶段.试运行状况表明,自驾天气服务系统能够满足公众对气象服务的个性化和差异化要求,有利于气象服务事业的发展.  相似文献   

Numerical models and ductile ultimate deformation response of post‐tensioned self‐centering moment connections     

Hyung‐Joon Kim  Constantin Christopoulos 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(1):1-21

New steel moment‐resisting connections that incorporate post‐tensioning elements to provide a self‐centering capacity and devices to dissipate seismic input energy have recently been proposed and experimentally validated. Experimental studies have confirmed that these connections are capable of undergoing large lateral deformations with negligible residual drifts. To facilitate their implementation, accurate modeling of the behavior of systems incorporating post‐tensioned connections must be readily available to designers and researchers. A number of simplified models have been suggested in the literature by researchers trying to capture experimental results at the beam–column connections and thereby to predict the global response of structures incorporating such connections. To provide a clear set of guidelines for the modeling of post‐tensioned steel frames, for practicing engineers as well as researchers, in this paper three types of numerical models of increasing complexity are presented: (i) a sectional analysis procedure, (ii) a lumped plasticity spring frame leveled approach and (iii) a non‐linear solid finite element analysis to predict the response at ultimate deformation levels. The analytical results obtained from the numerical models predict well the structural behavior of these connections when compared with available experimental data. Even at the ultimate deformation level, analytical results are in good agreement with test results. Furthermore, detailing requirements are proposed to assure that flexural hinges form in the beams in order to improve the cyclic response of steel self‐centering connections when drifts exceeding the design drifts are imposed to the system. Experimental and analytical studies demonstrate that steel post‐tensioned self‐centering connections incorporating the proposed detailing in the beams develop an increased deformation capacity and thereby exhibit a ductile response while avoiding a sudden loss of their strength and stiffness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the mechanism of self gravitating Rossby interfacial waves in proto-stellar accretion discs     

Ron Yellin-Bergovoy  Eyal Heifetz  Orkan M. Umurhan 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2016,110(3):274-294

  相似文献   

Application of hybrid‐simulation to fragility assessment of the telescoping self‐centering energy dissipative bracing system          下载免费PDF全文

Viswanath Kammula  Jeffrey Erochko  Oh‐Sung Kwon  Constantin Christopoulos 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(6):811-830

Substructure hybrid simulation has been the subject of numerous investigations in recent years. The simulation method allows for the assessment of the seismic performance of structures by representing critical components with physical specimens and the rest of the structure with numerical models. In this study the system level performance of a six‐storey structure with telescoping self‐centering energy dissipative (T‐SCED) braces is validated through pseudo‐dynamic (PsD) hybrid simulation. Fragility curves are derived for the T‐SCED system. This paper presents the configuration of the hybrid simulation, the newly developed control software for PsD hybrid simulation, which can integrate generic hydraulic actuators into PsD hybrid simulation, and the seismic performance of a structure equipped with T‐SCED braces. The experimental results show that the six‐storey structure with T‐SCED braces satisfies performance limits specified in ASCE 41. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

嵌入式旅游电子地图的设计与实现     

刘文兵  冯骏 《测绘与空间地理信息》2012,35(11):149-151

从PC机通用旅游电子地图的局限性出发,提出了一种适合于自助旅游者的嵌入式旅游电子地图。深入研究了嵌入式旅游电子地图的软硬件构架、功能和技术等方面,并在WinCE平台上进行了实现,对嵌入式旅游电子地图的开发具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

91单动三重半合管钻具的研制与应用          下载免费PDF全文

叶兰肃  苗晓晓  王建兴  刘建福  孙秀梅  饶剑辉 《探矿工程》2017,44(7):56-61

为了提高松软复杂地层岩矿心采取率和岩矿心的质量,弥补普通双管钻具取心功能的不足,特别研制了91单动三重半合管钻具。介绍了钻具的结构、工作原理、组装、维护保养及在3个不同矿区5个钻孔的野外生产应用情况。应用结果表明,该钻具适宜松散地层钻进,岩矿心采取率达到了100%,同时防止了岩矿心被外界扰动,保持了岩矿心的原状性,提高了岩矿心的质量并利于岩矿心后期的运输与储藏。  相似文献