中国东部春季极端降水与同期欧亚大陆地表感热的可能联系     

沈迪桑  陈海山 《气候与环境研究》2018,23(1):103-112

利用1960~2010年ERA-20C再分析资料和中国东部站点降水观测资料,探讨了我国东部春季极端降水与欧亚大陆地表感热通量的联系和可能影响途径。结果发现,当春季欧亚大陆中纬度巴尔喀什湖以西及贝加尔湖以南区域地表感热通量偏弱（强）,我国东部沿海地区地表感热通量偏强（弱）时,我国东部春季极端降水呈现南少（多）北多（少）的反相分布特征。当春季欧亚大陆中纬度关键区地表感热偏弱,低纬度关键区地表感热通量偏强时,春季副热带西风急流偏弱、位置偏北,我国东部北方地区大气斜压不稳定和对流不稳定偏强,北方地区极端降水偏强,而南方地区大气斜压不稳定和对流不稳定偏弱,南方地区极端降水偏弱。当春季欧亚大陆中纬度关键区地表感热偏强,低纬度关键区地表感热通量偏弱,我国东部极端降水的情况大致相反。  相似文献   

基于浮标、NCEP2及OAFlux产品的新海表感热和潜热通量对比分析     

张雷  石汉青 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(9):27-38

New satellite-derived latent and sensible heat fluxes are performed by using Wind Sat wind speed, Wind Sat sea surface temperature, the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting(ECMWF) air humidity, and ECMWF air temperature from 2004 to 2014. The 55 moored buoys are used to validate them by using the 30 min and 25 km collocation window. Furthermore, the objectively analyzed air-sea heat fluxes(OAFlux) products and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis 2(NCEP2) products are also used for global comparisons. The mean biases of sensible and latent heat fluxes between Wind Sat flux results and buoy flux data are –0.39 and –8.09 W/m~2, respectively. In addition, the rootmean-square(RMS) errors of the sensible and latent heat fluxes between them are 5.53 and 24.69 W/m~2,respectively. The RMS errors of sensible and latent heat fluxes are observed to gradually increase with an increasing buoy wind speed. The difference shows different characteristics with an increasing sea surface temperature, air humidity, and air temperature. The zonal average latent fluxes have some high regions which are mainly located in the trade wind zones where strong winds carry dry air in January, and the maximum value centers are found in the eastern waters of Japan and on the US east coast. Overall, the seasonal variability is pronounced in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. The three sensible and latent heat fluxes have similar latitudinal dependencies; however, some differences are found in some local regions.  相似文献   

Interannual variability of latent and sensible heat fluxes in the South China Sea     

宗海波  刘玉光  修鹏  徐青  荣增瑞 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,(1)

The South China Sea (SCS) is significantly influenced by El Nio and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through ENSO-driven atmospheric and oceanic changes.We analyzed measurements made from 1960 to 2004 to investigate the interannual variability of the latent and sensible heat fluxes over the SCS.Both the interannual variations of latent and sensible heat fluxes are closely related to ENSO events.The low-pass mean heat flux anomalies vary in a coherent manner with the low-pass mean Southern Oscillation Index ...  相似文献   

陇中黄土高原垂直感热平流输送对LAS和EC观测感热通量差异的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝小翠  张强  杨泽粟 《中国沙漠》2015,35(1):211-219

利用"黄土高原陆面过程试验研究(LOPEX)"2010年6月定西站的陆面过程综合观测资料,以造成大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)和涡动相关仪(EC)测量感热通量的差异为切入点,从中尺度垂直感热平流输送过程入手,将垂直感热平流输送的贡献作为地表有效能量的一部分引入EC直接观测的感热通量,对比引入前后LAS和EC测量感热通量的差异大小.结果表明:黄土高原定西观测站近地层大气垂直方向主要表现为向上运动,峰值达到0.074 m·s^-1,为垂直感热平流输送提供了必要的动力条件.尤其该地区处在半干旱区,地表受太阳辐射加热比较显著,近地层温度梯度最大可达0.39 K·m^-1,为产生垂直感热平流提供了能量基础.加入垂直感热平流输送的贡献后,EC地表能量不闭合度的日均值由直接观测的0.30缩小到0.24.修正后,LAS和EC测量的感热通量拟合的线性趋势系数由直接观测时的1.258缩小到1.186,两者差异得以缩小.  相似文献   

A scheme for pixel-scale aerodynamic surface temperature over hilly land   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

MIN Wenbin  CHEN Zhongming  SUN Linsheng  GAO Wenliang  LUO Xiuling  YANG Tingrong  PU Jian  HUANG Guanglun  YANG Xiurong 《大气科学进展》2004,21(1):125-131

Hilly-land satellite pixel-scale aerodynamic surface temperatures (AdST) are investigated using LAS (Large Aperture Scintillometer) and meteorological observations during 21-22 May 2001, indicating that the calculated temperatures are predominantly subject to estimated roughness lengths and, to a less extent, to estimated Bowen ratios, with errors to within 3.0 K between the AdST calculations and hilly radiometric surface temperatures retrieved from satellite data with the split window model. The errors depend heavily on the model used and the zenith angles and azimuth of the satellite and sun with respect to the observational site.  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠近地层湍流热通量计算方法比较研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

艾力·买买提明  何清  高志球  阿吉古丽·沙依提  霍文  刘新春  梁云 《中国沙漠》2008,28(5):948-954

利用2007年8月3日至10月31日在塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站取得的大气边界层观测资料,比较了涡动相关法、波文比法和空气动力学法计算得到的湍流热通量,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地能量平衡各分量的日变化特征。结果表明：波文比法、空气动力学和涡动相关法计算得到的塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地湍流热通量日变化特征是一致的,整个观测期间,空气动力学方法和波文比法计算得出的湍流通量大于涡动相关法。它们的顺序分别为,波文比法计算得出的湍流热通量最大,空气动力学方法次之,涡动相关法最小;塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地能量平衡各分量基本上以12:00时为中心,呈对称分布。净辐射、土壤热通量、感热通量具有非常明显的日变化特征。净辐射日最高值324 W·m-2出现在当地时间11:30,最小值-85 W·m-2出现在当地时间18:30;土壤热通量在12:00左右达到日最高值143 W·m-2,而20:00时出现最小值-69 W·m-2;感热通量在13:30时左右达到最高值178 W·m-2,19:00时左右出现最小值-7 W·m-2;相对于上述3个能量平衡分量,潜热通量的日变化特征不太明显。每日12:30左右出现潜热通量的最大值43 W·m-2,06:00时出现日最低值－1 W·m-2。  相似文献   

Model calculation of air-sea heat fluxes over ocean area near Chinawith GEOS DAS system     

Zhou Mingyu  Qian Fenlan 《海洋学报(英文版)》1999,18(3):401-411

INTRODUCTIONThebulktransfermethodanddirectmeasurementorgradientmeasurementmethodareusuallyusedforthefluxobservationandcalculation.ThesemethodsprovidethefluxvaluesonlyinthelOCationwherethemeasurementsarecarriedout.Inrecentyearsscientistsbegantousemodelcombinedwithremotesensingdataforcalculationofflux.Itsmainpropertyistoobtainthefluxdistributionoverawideareasimultaneouslyandunderstandthegeographicaldistributioncharacterisiticsoffluxconvenientlyanddirectly.Inthispaper,wewillcalculatethegeog…  相似文献   

Assessment of evapotranspiration models applied to a watershed of Canadian Prairies with mixed land‐uses     

Getu Fana Biftu  Thian Yew Gan 《水文研究》2000,14(7):1305-1325

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Energy balance above a boreal coniferous forest: a difference in turbulent fluxes between snow‐covered and snow‐free canopies     

Yuichiro Nakai  Tomoki Sakamoto  Tomomi Terajima  Kenzo Kitamura  Tomoki Shirai 《水文研究》1999,13(4):515-529

To evaluate the interactive effects of snow and forest on turbulent fluxes between the forest surface and the atmosphere, the surface energy balance above a forest was measured by the eddy correlation method during the winter of 1995–1996. The forest was a young coniferous plantation comprised of spruce and fir. The study site, in Sapporo, northern Japan, had heavy and frequent snowfalls and the canopy was frequently covered with snow during the study period. A comparison of the observed energy balance above the forest for periods with and without a snow‐covered canopy and an analysis using a single‐source model gave the following results: during daytime when the canopy was covered with snow, the upward latent heat flux was large, about 80% of the net radiation, and the sensible heat flux was positive but small. On the other hand, during daytime when the canopy was dry and free from snow, the sensible heat flux was dominant and the latent heat flux was minor, about 10% of the net radiation. To explain this difference of energy partition between snow‐covered and snow‐free conditions, not only differences in temperature but also differences in the bulk transfer coefficients for latent heat flux were necessary in the model. Therefore, the high evaporation rate from the snow‐covered canopy can be attributed largely to the high moisture availability of the canopy surface. Evaporation from the forest during a 60‐day period in midwinter was estimated on a daily basis as net radiation minus sensible heat flux. The overall average evaporation during the 60‐day period was 0·6 mm day⁻¹, which is larger than that from open snow fields. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

敦煌戈壁不同近地层大气稳定度下的感热交换系数   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

韦志刚  黄荣辉  陈文 《高原气象》2006,25(5):834-839

首先利用空气动力学法,计算分析了敦煌戈壁2000年9月—2001年9月的感热交换系数Ch的特征,计算得到Ch的年平均值为0.00203±0.00045。敦煌戈壁的Ch在近中性和中性条件下(-0.01<ζ<0.01,ζ为Monin-Obukhov大气稳定度参数)为常数,Chn≈0.0020;在稳定条件下(ζ≥0.01),Ch比较小,随地表风速的增大而增大,趋于Chn,它们之间存在的关系是:Ch=0.0012 0.0003ln(V);在不稳定条件下(ζ≤-0.01),Ch比较大,随地表风速的增大而减小,也趋于Chn,它们之间存在的关系是:Ch=0.0026-0.0002ln(V)。本文还利用地表温度、一层气温和一层风速近似计算了总体Richardson数Rb,判定大气的层结稳定度,再根据该稳定度来选择感热交换系数。  相似文献