副溶血性弧菌产耐热直接溶血毒素对黑色素瘤的抑制作用研究     

杨兰珠  李诗怡  郑雯静  李静  包哲隈  杨靖亚 《海洋科学》2022,46(8):121-129

为探讨耐热直接溶血毒素(Thermostabile direct hemolysin,TDH)在体内和体外对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16的抑制作用,本研究通过MTT法、克隆形成试验、凋亡试验、Caspase-8和Caspase-3的活性试验、线粒体膜电位的检测以及体内C57BL/6小鼠(Mus musculus)荷瘤实验,比较TDH作用于不同细胞的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀),评价TDH对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16的体内外抑制作用。结果发现:人结肠上皮细胞NCM460、人正常肝细胞LO2、人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16在TDH处理24 h之后,细胞的半抑制质量浓度IC₅₀分别为151、118、54和48 μg/mL,正常细胞的IC₅₀高出癌细胞近2~3倍。当质量浓度低于20 μg/mL时,TDH以剂量依赖性的方式抑制B16细胞的克隆形成,6 mg/kg TDH在移植瘤模型中显著抑制体内肿瘤的生长(P<0.001)。流式细胞术和荧光试剂盒检测表明:20 μg/mL的TDH能诱导19.4%的B16细胞发生早期凋亡,并激活Caspase-8和Caspase-3,但不影响线粒体膜电位。TDH具有体内外的抗肿瘤活性,可能通过细胞表面的死亡受体介导的凋亡信号通路引起凋亡,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。  相似文献   

海洋中麻痹性贝类毒素的合成转化及其影响因素研究进展     

宋维佳  宋秀贤  俞志明  李靖  张悦 《海洋科学》2022,46(9):117-129

麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins,PSTs)是由某些甲藻产生的一种高毒性神经毒素,在海洋环境中分布广、危害大,可对水产养殖和人类健康造成重大危害;PSTs毒素的毒性大小随种类和结构的不同有较大差异。迄今,国内外学者针对PSTs的来源分布、迁移转化、生物合成及其影响因素等开展了大量的调查研究,但目前对于藻细胞产毒的生物合成途径、遗传学特征及其环境调控机理等研究仍处于起步阶段。PSTs的生物合成过程不仅与藻细胞自身生长阶段有关,还会受到光照、温度、营养盐等多种环境因素的影响,环境条件的改变会引起藻细胞毒素组成和含量发生不同程度的变化。近年来,研究人员应用基因组学和蛋白质组学技术,发现了产生PSTs的典型甲藻——亚历山大藻(Alexandrium)细胞内与PSTs毒素生物合成相关的某些基因或蛋白质,对我们更清晰地了解亚历山大藻产生PSTs毒素的机制具有重要意义。本文综合以往的研究报道,对亚历山大藻中PSTs的生物合成与转化及其主要影响因素进行了总结,以期为产毒有害藻华的防治提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Catastrophic reduction of the oyster,Tiostrea chilensis (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), in Foveaux Strait,New Zealand,due to infestation by the protistan Bonamia sp.     

I. J. Doonan  H. J. Cranfield  K. P. Michael 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):335-344

Between 1985 and 1992, mortality due to infestation by the protistan Bonamia sp. severely reduced the numbers of the oyster, Tiostrea chilensis in Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. In 1990, two dredge surveys gave relative estimates, and a dive survey an absolute estimate, of the size of this oyster population; this allowed us to estimate dredge efficiency precisely. This estimate was used to re‐evaluate the dredge survey of 1975–76 and relate the size of the population in 1990 to that in 1975. By 1990 the population density had declined by 67% while a dredge survey in 1992 showed that the population density had declined by 91% from 1975. A dredge survey in 1993 showed that the population had increased slightly (but not significantly) over the 1992 level. By 1992 the population had probably been reduced below 10% of the virgin level. The fishery was closed in 1993 to allow the population to rebuild. The population surveys have followed stratified random and grid pattern sampling designs and the merits of the designs and methodology are discussed.  相似文献   

舟山东极岛潮间带贝类生态学初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡林婷  王一农  李祥付  冯瑶  赵静霞  邵力 《海洋科学》2013,37(8):47-54

为了解东极岛潮间带贝类生态状况,为浙江海洋生态系统基本群落结构提供基础资料,于2010年4月至2011年4月的大潮期间,在舟山东极岛潮间带采集贝类,调查了解贝类的种类组成、数量分布、生态特点、多样性情况。研究分析发现,东极岛潮间带贝类33种,隶属3纲7目20科。根据温度适应性质分,东极岛潮间带贝类属于3个类群：广温广布种15种,占45.5%;温带种4种,占12.1%;亚热带种14种,占42.4%。东极岛潮间带贝类四季平均生物量为1541.8 g/m2,由高潮带向低潮带呈递增趋势;四季平均栖息密度为925.2个/m2,以中潮带最高,向高潮带和低潮带递减。季节变化中生物量由大到小依次为夏季、春季、冬季、秋季,栖息密度由大到小依次为夏季、秋季、冬季、春季。多样性指数(H′)为0.9~3.0,均匀度指数(J)为0.2~0.8。结果表明东极岛种类丰富,生物量和栖息密度较高,说明东极岛地理环境较好,适宜贝类生存;物种分布均匀,生态环境稳定。  相似文献   

Residue levels of HCHs,DDTs and PCBs in shellfish from coastal areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjiang Estuary,China   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Chen W  Zhang L  Xu L  Wang X  Hong L  Hong H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):385-390

Shellfish samples were collected from the coastal cultivating areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjing Estuary, China and analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC. Concentration ranges of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in the coastal area of east Xiamen Island were 0.18–345, 75.2–2143 and ND-23 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively; those for Minjiang Estuary were ND-5.07, 21.5–2396 and ND-6.78 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively. The results showed that the organochlorines were evidently accumulated in marine bivalve molluscs, particularly in oyster. The concentrations of organocholorine pollutants in shellfish samples varied with the sampling locations, the season of collection and organism species, but were generally higher than those in the sediments. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were high as compared with HCHs and PCBs, so that DDTs can be considered as the typical organochlorines in the survey areas. The residue levels and compositions of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs are discussed.  相似文献   

PSP-toxicification of the carnivorous gastropod Rapana venosa inhabiting the estuary of Nikoh River, Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan     

Ito K  Asakawa M  Beppu R  Takayama H  Miyazawa K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,48(11-12):1116-1121

During surveillance on the toxicity of invertebrates such as bivalves inhabiting the coasts of Hiroshima Bay in 2001 and 2002, the carnivorous gastropod rapa whelk Rapana venosa collected in the estuary of Nikoh River, was found to contain toxins which showed paralytic actions in mice; the maximum toxicities (as paralytic shellfish poison, PSP) were 4.2 MU/g (May 2001) and 11.4 MU/g (April 2002). Their total toxicities were 224 and 206 MU/viscera of one specimen throughout the monitoring period. Attempts were made to identify the toxic principle in the gastropod. The viscera were extracted with 80% ethanol acidified with acetic acid, followed by defatting with dichloromethane. The aqueous layer obtained was treated with activated charcoal and then applied to a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The unbound toxic fraction was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. The gastropod toxin was rather unexpectedly identified as PSP. It was comprised of high toxic component (gonyautoxin-3; GTX3, GTX2, saxitoxin; STX) as the major components, which accounted for approximately 91 mol% of all components along with C1 and C2, which are N-sulfocarbamoyl derivatives. Judging from their toxin patterns, it is suggested that the PSP toxification mechanism of the gastropod that PSP toxins produced by phytoplankton such as Alexandrium tamarense, are transferred to and accumulated in plankton feeders such as the short-necked clam, and then transferred to this carnivorous rapa whelk R. venosa through predation.  相似文献   

三种鲀的毒性及其与种的相关性研究     

钟建兴朱金勇  许玉德 《台湾海峡》2003,22(2):168-172

用小鼠生物检测法及薄层等电聚焦电泳法测定3种河鲀的毒性及其蛋白质组分的种属差异性．结果表明，河鲀的毒性强弱与其种属有密切关系，不同种河鲀的毒性差异很大；同种河鲀的不同个体以及同一个体的不同器官组织也有较大差异．这些结果可为河鲀资源的开发利用提供实验依据。  相似文献   

海产品有毒物质污染的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张偲  尹浩  李庆欣 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(6):83-89

海产品是人类食物的重要来源。近年来随着海洋环境污染的加剧,海产品的质量安全问题日趋严重。目前,贝毒、多氯联苯、有机锡等是影响我国海洋水产品质量安全的重要毒害物质。深入了解这些物质的检测方法、在生物体内的累积、生物降解的方式对控制海产品的质量安全有重要意义。对这些方面近期的研究成果进行了综述,为今后相关的科学研究和有关部门对海产品质量安全决策提供参考。  相似文献   

中国沿海部分海域麻痹性贝毒研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

江天久  江涛 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(1):36-41

采用美国分析化学家协会推荐的小白鼠生物检测法,对产于大连、深圳、广西北海和福建厦门海域的贝类进行麻痹性贝毒检测,选取部分有毒样品进行高效液相色谱毒素成分分析。小白鼠生物检测法检测结果表明,样品消化腺毒素含量为0—25.3MU/g,剔除消化腺的其他贝类软组织均没有检测到PSP的存在。消化腺和其他软组织的毒力加权平均值为0—2.6MU/g,低于联合国粮农组织制定的贝类安全食用标准的限定值4MU/g。大连海域染毒样品的检出率为50%,在四个海域中最高,福建海域检出率则最低。高效液相色谱毒素成分分析结果表明,深圳和广西北海海域贝类所含PSP成分相似,包含有C毒素(C1/2),GTX毒素(GTX1—4)和STX,而大连海域贝类含有的毒素组分与前两者有较大差异,且随贝类采集的不同时期而变化。  相似文献   

四种主要经济贝类的热忍受研究     

廖一波  陈全震  曾江宁  高爱根  刘晶晶  孙庆海 《海洋通报》2007,26(1):50-54

对中国 4 种经济贝类--泥蚶 Tegillarca granosa、长牡蛎 Crassostrea gigas、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta 和贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis Larmark 的临界热最大值(CTMax)进行了室内热效应模拟研究.结果表明:在夏季自然起始水温为 28.0 ℃时, 泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的 48-h CTMax 分别为 39.3 ℃,38.8 ℃,38.3 ℃和 32.2 ℃.泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的热忍受能力分别为泥蚶＞长牡蛎＞缢蛏＞贻贝.  相似文献