Fifty years of organisational change in container shipping: regional shift and the role of family firms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Brian Slack  Antoine Frémont 《GeoJournal》2009,74(1):23-34

Spectacular growth has marked the industry initiated by Malcolm McLean with the sailing of the Ideal-X in 1956. While the growth of container shipping has been typically seen in terms of technological advances, increasing vessel capacity, traffic growth, financial performance and competitiveness, it has been shaped also by organisational transformations. This paper provides an overview of the major companies that make up the container shipping industry, tracing the rapid adoption of containerisation by American carriers to its diffusion to Europe and then Asia. While several carriers belong to business conglomerates, the most dynamic in recent years have been those that are those that possess a family structure. About 12 of the present top 20 carriers are largely family controlled, including 4 out of the top 5. Unlike other capital intensive industries, where the power has shifted towards corporate governance, the container shipping industry retains a strong individualistic entrepreneurial character. At a time when North American ownership in container shipping is no more, the spirit of innovation began 50 years ago by an American visionary is still evident in the entrepreneurial dynamism of many of the industry leaders.  相似文献   

长三角地区港口腹地范围演化及其影响机制     

康译之  何丹  高鹏  孙志晶 《地理研究》2021,40(1):138-151

本文尝试将海港和内河港的腹地范围演化纳入统一的研究框架。运用场强模型划分2001年、2008年和2016年长三角主要海港和内河港口的直接腹地范围,分析其演化特征,总结演化最显著的两大龙头港口——上海港和宁波港的腹地演化影响机制。结果表明：① 港口场强分布特征是以三大海港为龙头形成三大高场强集聚区。② 港口直接腹地演化最明显的特征是宁波港扩张的腹地范围基本来自上海港收缩的腹地范围。③ 上海港的直接腹地范围不断被宁波港袭夺是因为上海港通过市场主导和行政协调的机制,扩展了沿着长江布局的内河港口群水水中转的间接腹地,而非直接陆地腹地;相反,宁波港主要依靠行政机制和逐渐强化的市场力量,使直接陆地腹地范围逐渐延展到浙江全省。  相似文献   

Effect of shipping activity on warming trends in the Canadian Arctic     

Hussain  Mian Sabir  Heo  Inhye  Im  Sujeong  Lee  Seungho 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(3):369-388

This paper presents a detailed account of the effect of shipping activity on the increasing trends of air temperatures in the Canadian Arctic region for the period of 1980–2018. Increasing trend of temperature has gained significant attention with respect to shipping activities and sea ice area in the Canadian Arctic. Temperature, sea ice area and shipping traffic datasets were investigated, and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to predict the rate of change(per decade) of the average temperature, considering winter(January) and summer(July) seasons. The results indicate that temperature generally increased over the studied region. Significant warming trend was observed during July, with an increase of up to 1℃, for the Canadian Arctic region. Such increasing trend of temperature was observed during July from the lower to higher latitudes. The increase in temperature during July is speculated to increase the melting of ice. Results also show a decline in sea ice area has a significant positive effect on the shipping traffic, and the numbers of marine vessel continue to increase in the region. The increase in temperature causes the breaking of sea ice due to shipping activities over northern Arctic Canada.  相似文献   

我国极地航运能力建设和高冰级船队发展对策分析          下载免费PDF全文

寿建敏 《极地研究》2018,30(4):419-428

我国在南极和北极的活动日益增多,参与南北极事务和争取极地资源的利用已经成为国家未来向外扩展的重要举措之一。随着气候变暖,极地冰融速度加快,尤其是北极航运窗口期越来越长,两极资源利用和科考活动的需求量越来越大。而目前我国用于航行两极,尤其是北极的高冰级商业化船队十分缺乏,航运的陆基支持保障能力缺少,这将严重影响我国极地事业和商业航运运营的发展。本文通过对不同冰级船舶的保有量、建造技术能力、船舶运营和极地港口设施等各环节的分析,得出我国缺乏带较高等级冰级符号且可抗浮冰厚度1m及以上的极地航行船舶、相应极地航运能力不足的结论,并提出了我国建设极地航运能力的对策建议,为我国建设一支能在极地航行且带较高等级冰级符号船舶的船队、破冰船队以及建设极地陆基航运支持保障能力等提供决策参考。  相似文献   

The identification of global strategic shipping pivots and their spatial patterns     

Chengjin Wang  Peiran Chen  Yunhao Chen 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(9):1215-1232

In concert with developments in global trade and energy resource transportation, there has been a marked increase in reliance on overseas shipping. Unimpeded marine transportation has therefore become a key issue which influences national maritime interests including the security of trade and energy resources. A strategic shipping pivot thus performs a vital controlling function for global shipping networks. In this study strategic shipping pivots are defined and subdivided into sea hubs, channels and areas. We then develop a model to identify strategic shipping pivots on a global scale. The results show that, depending on differences in location, function, and type, the concept of strategic shipping pivot permits the identification of both spatial and structural differentiation with respect to strategic hubs, corridors, and seas. Now 44 strategic hubs have formed across the globe. These hubs have become the control centers of local shipping network organization. At the same time, seven strategic corridors containing most shipping routes and transportation capacity connect important sea areas, and permit a high-degree of control over the transport of strategic materials. The strategic seas, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific provide vital import and export pathways, so that the formation of strategic shipping pivots is mainly influenced by factors such as physical geographical conditions, the spatial distribution of socio-economic activities, business organization, technical progress, geopolitical patterns and geopolitical disputes. Physical geographical conditions provide the potential foundations for strategic shipping pivots, while the spatial distribution of socio-economic activities and communications determine the strategic value of these points. Finally, business organization, technical progress, and geopolitical disputes all function to strengthen the strategic mechanisms and the mutagenicity of strategic shipping pivots.  相似文献   

海平面上升对长江三角洲海堤、航运和水资源的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

缪启龙  周锁铨 《南京气象学院学报》1999,22(4):625-630

分析了２０５０ 年长江三角洲地区相对海平面上升５０～７０ ｃｍ 时,将对该地区沿海海堤、航运及海岸带水资源的影响,并就相应的适应对策提出了建议。  相似文献   

北极航线的世界航运网络格局影响分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李振福  李漪 《世界地理研究》2014,(1):1-9

北冰洋冰层的加速融化,引发了世界对北极航线相关问题的关注和思考,尤其是北极航线全线贯通之后,将会对当今世界航运网络格局产生更加深远的影响。本文分析了世界航运网络格局的内涵和现状,随后讨论了世界航运网络格局的要素,并以此为基础,分析了北极航线通航后对世界航运网络格局的影响,进而提出北极航线通航后我国的应对策略。  相似文献   

北冰洋东北航道夏季集装箱航运经济性研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

徐骅  尹志芳 《世界地理研究》2013,(3):10-17

近年来,随着全球变暖的大趋势,夏季北极海冰范围急剧缩小,为北极的国际航运迎来了机遇,夏季航行于俄罗斯东北航道的船只迅速增多。由于东北航道的距离远远小于传统亚欧航线,因此具有较高的航运价值,很多海运国家对此极为关注。本文通过成本分析法,计算亚欧集装箱航线采用东北航道时可节约的航运成本,对东北航道的经济优势作出评估。  相似文献   

基于社会网络的全球集装箱海运网络层次体系与派系划分     

刘婵娟  胡志华  杨正璇 《世界地理研究》2019,28(6):68-76

全球集装箱海运网络层次体系与派系划分对深入了解全球集装箱港口布局和分工及港口投资建设等具有重要的参考价值。基于全球10 大集装箱班轮公司的航运数据，以海运国家为节点构建全球集装箱航运网络，运用社会网络分析方法，采用“核心-边缘”模型，从国家间海运联系广度和国家间海运联系强度两个角度对全球集装箱海运网络进行层次体系划分，并且应用社会网络分析中的C 层次派系法对全球集装箱海运联系网络进行派系划分。结果表明：根据联系广度和联系强度划分出的全球集装箱海运网络“核心-边缘”结构并不相同。但是，中国、荷兰、新加坡、德国、巴西、阿联酋和法国这7 个国家在两种层次划分方法中都处于核心区，可见这7 个国家在全球集装箱海运网络中不仅在连通性上处于核心枢纽位置，在功能性上也处于核心地位。在C层次派系法中，从区域性上看，跨区域派系较少。  相似文献   

北极航道管理对北极渔业管理的启示          下载免费PDF全文

邹磊磊  付玉 《极地研究》2017,29(2):270-278

北极航道管理与北极渔业管理都是由气候变化所催生的北极重要事务。由于同处北极,两者面临着一些共性的管理问题,使两者之间具有了一定的可比性。两者的对比研究显示,北极航道管理机制构建过程体现了国际合作的精神,航道管理制度体系在形成之初始终处于动态发展以期得到完善,依托国际组织制定航行规则也有利于未来北极全面通航后执行统一协调的航道管理制度,这些北极航道管理实践中所体现的管理理念和路径对北极渔业管理具有启示作用。对比研究也揭示了北极渔业所面临的管理瓶颈,具体表现为北极5国谋求北冰洋公海"领导者"地位的单边主义行为,以及北极渔业现阶段所呈现出的"碎片式"管理格局。为实现北极渔业可持续性发展,北极5国之间、北极5国与北极域外国家之间应加强交流与合作,同时适时成立相应的区域性渔业管理组织以协调并开展国际交流与合作。  相似文献