北京城市扩展背景下产业时空演化研究     

焦新颖  李伟  陶卓霖  喻忠磊  宋金平  张文新 《地理科学进展》2014,33(10)

本文应用北京区域统计年鉴2005、2009、2013年3期分区县、分行业产值数据,采用结合GIS的偏离份额模型,分析北京市2004-2008年、2008-2012年和2004-2012年3个时段中心城与新城间产业空间演化情况,并预测2012-2020年产业空间演化趋势.研究发现:①北京工业向新城扩散明显,尤其是向顺义、通州、亦庄和房山,呈弧形向东向南扩展;②商业、生产性服务业虽出现向城市发展新区新城转移趋势,但在中心城区集聚状况没有明显改变,在市域内呈圈层式分布,交通、运输和仓储业呈轴向扩展;③房地产业扩散明显,朝阳、通州、大兴发展突出,总体呈环状扩展;③公共服务业向新城扩展显著,但高质量的教育、卫生、文化资源仍集聚于中心城区.从总体上看,北京产业空间演化以工业外溢为主,房地产业和生活性服务业也有显著扩散,但生产性服务业和商业扩散并不明显.  相似文献   

Evaluating delta asymmetry using three‐dimensional facies architecture and ichnological analysis,Ferron ‘Notom Delta’, Capital Reef,Utah, USA     

WEIGUO LI  JANOK P. BHATTACHARYA  YIJIE ZHU  DANIEL GARZA  ERIC BLANKENSHIP 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):478-507

Delta asymmetry occurs where there is strong wave influence and net longshore transport. Differences in the morphology and facies architecture between updrift and downdrift sides of asymmetric deltas are potentially significant for exploration and exploitation of resources in this class of reservoirs. Although delta asymmetry has been recognized widely from modern wave‐influenced deltaic shorelines, there are few documented examples in the ancient record. Based on an integrated sedimentological and ichnological study, the along‐strike variability and delta asymmetry within a single parasequence (Ps 6) is documented in continuously exposed outcrops of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation near Hanksville in southern Utah. Two intra‐parasequence discontinuity surfaces are recognized which allow subdivision of the parasequence into three bedsets, marked as Ps 6‐1 to Ps 6‐3. Four facies successions are recognized: (i) wave/storm‐dominated shoreface; (ii) river‐dominated delta front; (iii) wave/storm‐reworked delta front; and (iv) distributary channel and mouth bar. Dips of cross‐strata within distributary‐mouth bars and shorefaces show a strong downdrift (southward) component. Ps 6‐3 predominantly consists of river‐dominated delta‐front deposits, whereas Ps 6‐1 and Ps 6‐2 show an along‐strike facies change with shoreface deposits in the north, passing into heterolithic, river‐dominated delta‐front successions south to south‐eastward, and wave/storm‐reworked delta‐front deposits further to the south‐east. Trace fossil suites correspondingly show distinct along‐strike changes from robust and diverse expressions of the archetypal Cruziana Ichnofacies and Skolithos Ichnofacies, into suites characterized by horizontal, morphologically simple, facies‐crossing ichnogenera, reflecting a more stressed, river‐dominated environment. Further south‐eastward, trace fossil abundance and diversity increase, reflecting a return to archetypal ichnofacies. The overall facies integrated with palaeocurrent data indicate delta asymmetry. The asymmetric delta consists of sandier shoreface deposits on the updrift side and mixed riverine and wave/storm‐reworked deposits on the downdrift side, similar to that observed in the modern examples. However, in contrast to the recent delta asymmetry models, significant paralic, lagoonal and bay‐fill facies are not documented in the downdrift regions of the asymmetric delta. This observation is attributed to a negative palaeoshoreline trajectory during delta progradation and subsequent transgressive erosion. The asymmetric delta was induced by net longshore transport from north to south. The forced regressive nature of the delta precludes significant preservation of topset mud.  相似文献   

Nature and stability of atoll island shorelines: Gilbert Island chain,Kiribati, equatorial Pacific     

EUGENE C. RANKEY 《Sedimentology》2011,58(7):1831-1859

Islands rimming Pacific atolls typically form narrow, low‐lying lands that are commonly perceived to be particularly vulnerable to global changes such as sea‐level rise. As these, low islands form the only habitable land for many island nations, understanding the character of shorelines, and the rates and controls that operate to bring about changes, is an issue of central importance. The purpose of this study is to unravel the characteristics of coastal change on atoll islands of the Gilbert Island chain of the equatorial Pacific nation of Kiribati, especially as they relate to autogenic shoreline processes and El Niño/Southern Oscillation variability. Integration of field observations, differential global positioning system data, historical aerial photographs and ultra‐high resolution remote sensing images demonstrates the nature, spatial patterns and rates of change from 17 islands on Maiana and Aranuka atolls. The results illustrate that, between 2005 and 2009, ca 50% of the shorelines on these islands displayed a discernable shift in position; some shorelines were accretionary (at net rates up to ca 8 m year^?1) and others were erosional (up to ca 18 m year^?1). Long‐term net rates of change on Maiana between 1969 and 2009 were lower than short‐term net rates measured between 2005 and 2009. Both short‐term and long‐term observations illustrate some of the greatest change occur near terminations of the largest, north–south oriented islands, associated with longshore movement of coarse sand and gravel. Direct hits by tropical depressions and marked seasonality, factors interpreted as being essential in island growth and shoreline dynamics elsewhere, do not directly impact these equatorial atolls and can be eliminated as fundamental controls on shoreline dynamics. Similarly, observations over four years suggested that shoreline variability probably is not influenced directly by marked sea‐level change, although a recent increase in the rates of shoreline change could reflect instability related to the cumulative effect of a long‐term increase in the rate of sea‐level rise. Within this framework of global change, local anthropogenic effects, autogenic shoreline processes and El Niño/Southern Oscillation‐influenced wind and wave variability control many aspects of these dynamic shorelines. These results provide quantitative insights into the character and variability of rates of shoreline change, information essential for evaluating and mitigating the vulnerability of island nations such as Kiribati.  相似文献   

THE MEMPHIS MEETINGS     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):20-21

The case of a New Jersey dune management plan demonstrates that geographers can initiate environmental policy by formulating and proposing meritorious plans. An evaluation of the plan's rejection shows the complexity of policy-making and indicates that failure to adopt useful plans may be due to distortion of information or misunderstanding of the original plan. In order to avoid failure, geographers should participate in the entire policy-making sequence and should encourage the participation of the public who will be affected by the plan.  相似文献   

Barrier‐spit geomorphology and inlet dynamics in absence of tides: evolution of the North Pond system,eastern Lake Ontario,New York State          下载免费PDF全文

Christopher R. Mattheus  Joshua K. Fowler  Thomas P. Diggins  Derrick F. Allen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(10):1386-1398

Barrier systems have received much attention along microtidal oceanic coastlines, where countless studies discuss their evolution in response to Holocene sea‐level rise, storm influence, and anthropogenic impacts. Lacustrine barrier evolution is not as well investigated and little is known about how lake‐specific hydrodynamic processes shape barrier morphology. This study evaluates the evolution of a highly dynamic barrier section along eastern Lake Ontario in the context of varying water levels and winter‐ice covers. Paleoshoreline reconstructions and volumetric analyses of nearshore sedimentation indicate the central portion of the studied North Pond barrier has been breached many times in different locations throughout the last century. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data corroborate mapped locations of former inlets, bound at the surface by recurved spit and dune ridges. Subsurface structural controls on inlet position are inferred from a spatial correlation with buried incised fluvial channels, formed during a Holocene lake‐level lowstand. While subsurface controls caused two separate historical inlets to remain stationary while open, an episode of rapid inlet migration elsewhere along the barrier was facilitated by the prevailing direction of coastal currents and high lake levels, which favored overwash and rapid longshore sediment mobility across a low‐gradient barrier section. Additionally, the sudden closing of an inlet after many decades of operation coincidental with the opening of another suggestively occurred alongside unusually high lake levels. These correlations suggest the degree of coastal inundation, predominantly a function of fluctuating lake levels and antecedent topography, represent strong controls on overall barrier geomorphology over decadal timescales. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲大汶流自然保护区的土地利用与岸线变化分析     

赵广明  叶思源  高茂生  丁喜桂  袁红明  王锦 《地球信息科学学报》2013,15(3):408-414

本文选择黄河三角洲大汶流自然保护区为研究对象,以多时相遥感影像,对土地利用类型进行解译分析。同时,以平均低潮线作为分析基线,提取海岸线变化信息。结果表明:1996-2009年研究区面积净增13.35km2。各种土地利用类型中滩涂所占面积最大,养殖池所占比例最小,但增幅明显。芦苇地面积后期增长迅速,指示研究区生态环境趋向转好。自然因素(黄河来水来沙量)和人类活动(黄河调水调沙工程,湿地恢复工程,滩涂规模开发以及人类开垦造田)是研究区土地利用类型变化的直接驱动力。1976-2009年研究区海岸净造陆面积217.14km2,沙嘴变幅为29.2km。黄河入海水沙量和滨海区的海洋潮流条件共同影响着海岸线的变迁。  相似文献   

杭州湾淤泥质海岸岸线变化及其动态模拟     

施伟勇  戴志军  谢华亮  张小玲 《海洋科学进展》2012,30(1):36-44

通过对杭州湾北岸南竹港-龙泉岸段实测岸滩断面资料的统计分析,进而对淤泥质海岸岸线变化、影响因素及其动态模拟预报进行探讨。结果表明:因长江来沙减少以及侵蚀/淤积波自东向西移动,导致近10a来该岸段岸滩处于侵蚀状态,其中岸线整体后退;因季节性的波侯作用,岸滩具有冬淤夏冲的特征,岸线则表现为冬涨夏退,因局部工程作用影响的岸线则具有冬退夏涨的特征。此外,基于-3m和-8m等深线构建的径向基函数神经网络模型预报岸线的变化是可行的。  相似文献   

Numerical study of shoreline changes by emergency beach nourishment project at the Middle Beach of Beidaihe, China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

ZHANG Yu  HE Lulu  KUANG Cuiping  PAN Yi  GU Jie  YANG Yanxiong  ZHANG Jiabo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(1):125-133

Beach nourishment is a common coastal management strategy used to protect beach from erosion along the sandy coastlines. This method has been successfully applied to an emergency project at the West Beach of Beidaihe in the summer of 2008 and the full West Beach nourishment project in 2009-2010, which is the direct base of this study. Some basic information about the emergency engineering area at the Middle Beach is firstly described. The shoreline change of this area, including the analysis of beach width in five monitoring profiles in the bathing places of Middle Beach, is then discussed. After that a numerical model based on one-line theory is established and the numerical results agree well with the measured shorelines, which indicates that the model is appropriate and is qualified to predict the shoreline change of the Middle Beach. With the same model and parameters, long-term performance of the project is predicted, and the result shows that without follow-up nourishment and project, the bathing places can remain suitable for bathing for about 10 a. It is suggested to nourish the beach in time and carry out the beach nourishment project for the full Middle Beach in Beidaihe.  相似文献   

近10年珠海海岸带海岸线时空变化遥感分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨雷  孙伟富  马毅  任广波 《海洋科学》2017,41(2):20-28

为了更有效地研究珠海市海岸带海岸线的变化,基于2005年、2010年和2015年3期覆盖珠海市海岸带的高分辨率SPOT-5、GF-1和航空DOM遥感影像,建立了珠海海岸带岸线分类体系,并采用人机交互方式提取了3期12类海岸线信息。对海岸线长度及海岸蚀淤情况进行分析,结果表明:(1)2005~2015年珠海市海岸带海岸线总体长度从470.69 km增长到496.95 km,年平均增长2.38 km;(2)2005~2015年珠海市海岸带岸线中,人工岸线一直占较大比重,且10年间呈持续增长状态,总长度增长了40.21 km,而此期间的自然岸线却减少了13.95 km;(3)珠海市海岸带侵蚀面积为0.98 km~2,扩张面积为34.75 km~2。港口码头和建设岸线是扩张主因,养殖围堤岸线、砾石岸线、基岩岸线长度逐年递减并向内陆侵蚀;(4)珠海市高栏港区附近岸线变化最为剧烈,实地调查发现该地区港口从2008年开始建设并逐年向外扩张,至2015年扩张面积为27.65 km~2,平均扩张速率为3.4 km~2/a。通过以上分析,可以得出近10年珠海市海岸带海岸线变迁是海岸开发所引起的,港口码头建设是人类开发海岸的主要方式。  相似文献   

遥感和GIS支持下的九段沙岸线提取及变迁研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯永玖  刘丹  韩震 《国土资源遥感》2012,(1):65-69

在遥感和GIS的支持下,利用集成了非监督分类、地图综合、离散地物去除和岸线追踪等技术的shoreline-Extractor软件,解译上海市九段沙自然保护区2001年、2005年和2008年的岸线信息;对解译的目标岸线分别进行空间分辨率为30 m,90 m,150 m,210 m和270 m的重采样,计算其分维数,并进行岸线长度、沙洲面积和分形特征的分析,进而对九段沙岸线变迁的重点区域进行了分析。研究表明,随时间推移,九段沙的上沙、中沙和下沙3个沙洲淤长的部位并不一致,其中上沙北部区域、中沙东北和西南区域、下沙东北和西南区域淤长较为明显;岸线长度与沙洲面积的变化区域几乎一致,即上沙增长较快、下沙次之、中沙缓慢;九段沙岸线具有显著的分形性质,整体分维数呈增加态势,其中上沙和中沙的分维数小于整体分维数,而下沙的分维数大于整体分维数。  相似文献