Smoothing and Change Point Detection for Gamma Ray Count Data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daniela Leonte  David J. Nott  William T. M. Dunsmuir 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(2):175-194

Gamma ray detectors are used to measure the natural radioactivity of rocks. For a number of boreholes drilled at a site the gamma ray detector is lowered into each borehole and counts of gamma ray emissions at different depths are recorded as the instrument is gradually raised to ground level. The profile of gamma counts can be informative about the geology at each location. The raw count data are highly variable, and in this paper we describe the use of adaptive smoothing techniques and change point models in order to identify changes in the geology based on the gamma logs. We formulate all our models for the data in the framework of the class of generalized linear models, and describe computational methods for Bayesian inference and model selection for generalized linear models that improve on existing techniques. Application is made to gamma ray data from the Castelreagh Waste Management Centre which served as a hazardous waste disposal facility for the Sydney region between March 1974 and August 1998. Understanding the geological structure of this site is important for further modelling the transport of pollutants beneath the waste disposal area.  相似文献   

Disjunctive Kriging with Hard and Imprecise Data     

Xavier Emery 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(6):699-718

This paper presents a methodology for assessing local probability distributions by disjunctive kriging when the available data set contains some imprecise measurements, like noisy or soft information or interval constraints. The basic idea consists in replacing the set of imprecise data by a set of pseudohard data simulated from their posterior distribution; an iterative algorithm based on the Gibbs sampler is proposed to achieve such a simulation step. The whole procedure is repeated many times and the final result is the average of the disjunctive kriging estimates computed from each simulated data set. Being data-independent, the kriging weights need to be calculated only once, which enables fast computing. The simulation procedure requires encoding each datum as a pre-posterior distribution and assuming a Markov property to allow the updating of pre-posterior distributions into posterior ones. Although it suffers some imperfections, disjunctive kriging turns out to be a much more flexible approach than conditional expectation, because of the vast class of models that allows its computation, namely isofactorial models.  相似文献   

In-situ Formation of Light-Absorbing Organic Matter in Cloud Water   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Gelencsér  A. Hoffer  G. Kiss  E. Tombácz  R. Kurdi  L. Bencze 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(1):25-33

Current climate models seem to underestimate the flux of solar energy absorbed by the global troposphere. All of these models are constrained with the assumption that cloud droplets consist of pure water. Here we demonstrate in a simple laboratory experiment that aromatic hydroxy-acids which are found in continental fine aerosol can react with hydroxyl radicals under typical conditions prevalent in cloud water influenced by biomass burning. The reactions yield colored organic species which do absorb solar radiation. We also suggest that the products of such reactions may be humic-like substances whose presence in continental aerosol has been confirmed but their source mechanisms are still much sought after. We also attempt to give a first order estimate of the enhancement of water absorption at a visible wavelength under atmospheric conditions.  相似文献   

The　identification　and　criteria　of　short-term　seismicity　gap　before　a　great　earthquake     

曹井泉  孙加林  杨毅 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(1):43-51

ＴｈｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａｏｆｓｈｏｒｔｔｅｒｍｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｉｔｙｇａｐｂｅｆｏｒｅａｇｒｅａｔｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＪＩＮＧＱＵＡＮＣＡＯ（曹井泉）ＪＩＡＬＩＮＳＵＮ（孙加林）ＹＩＹＡＮＧ（杨毅）Ｓｅｉｓｍｏｌ...  相似文献   

北京地区末次冰消期气候环境变化记录的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

魏兰英  彭贵  严富华  尹金辉  卢演俦 《第四纪研究》1997,17(2):88-191

对北京房山县长沟镇附近埋藏末次冰消期湖沼沉积物层序和岩性变化的观测资料，以及１４Ｃ测年、孢粉分析、磁化率、有机碳δ^１３Ｃ值和有机质含量等测定资料的综合研究表明：１)约１３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以前本区气候相当干冷，植被稀疏；２)约１３０００～１２１００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候明显变暖，植被日趋繁茂，出现针叶－落叶阔叶林；３)约１２１００～１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候波动相当显著，十分不稳定，并在约１１６００～１１３００ａＢ．Ｐ．和约１０９５０～１０４８０ａＢ．Ｐ．气候明显向干冷逆转；而在这两个气候逆转之间出现相对湿润或温湿的气候。这一短期气候变化与北大西洋地区有相似之处，又有差异。  相似文献   

矿物流体包裹体中的羧酸     

曾贻善  刘家齐 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1997,(1)

矿物流体包裹体中的羧酸曾贻善刘家齐（北京大学地质系，北京１００８７１）（地矿部宜昌地质矿产研究所，宜昌４４３００３）关键词矿物包裹体浸取液羧酸离子色谱分析分子中含有羧基官能团（—ＣＯＯＨ）的物质称为羧酸。Ｆｅｉｎ［１］和Ｓｈｏｃｋ［２］曾概述羧酸在自...  相似文献   

浅谈雅江县城南各种地质灾害的关系     

唐小平 《四川地质学报》1997,(4)

对雅江县城南地质灾害的产生原因作了查明，为下一步综合整治提供依据。  相似文献   

沉积盆地流体—岩石相互作用研究的现状   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

蔡春芳 《地球科学进展》1996,11(6):575-579

沉积盆地流体－岩石相互作用研究主要是通过实验地球化学和岩石学，地球化学模拟方法开展的，综述了这一领域的研究现状，主要包括有机酸来源和分布及期 对矿物稳定性的影响，地层水成因与演化、烃类与岩石间的氧化还原反应、以及储层润湿性的变化等，并展望了其 发展趋势。  相似文献   

Characterisation of brown coal humic acids and modified humic acids using pyrolysis gcms and other techniques     

W. R. Jackson  G. D. Bongers  P. J. Redlich  G. Favas  Y. Fei  A. F. Patti  R. B. Johns 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1996,32(1-4)

It has been proposed that Victorian brown coal can be considered as a two-component structure — a lignocellulosic “host”, containing various amounts of weakly bound or entrapped “guest” material together with very small amounts of inorganic and/or mineral matter. The latter predominantly consists of wax esters and/or terpenoid material. In this paper we describe attempts to gain structural information regarding the more complex, “host” component of the coal. Our initial model compound has been humic acid that can be readily obtained from the coal by alkaline extraction. It has been found that “pure” humic acid, free from material associated with the “guest” components of the coal, can be obtained by a highly selective, low-yielding alkaline extraction. This humic acid has been studied by nmr spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (py-gc/ms). The products arising from py-gc/ms have been compared with those obtained from similar pyrolysis of whole coals. Alkylation of humic acids using alkyl halides in the presence of base has been successfully carried out and reactivity of the resulting materials compared with those of the parent coal and humic acid.  相似文献   

鄂西震旦系上统含磷岩系的划分与对比     

李钟模  郑文忠 《化工矿产地质》1996,18(1):47-52

上震旦统陡山沱组是鄂西地区最具工业价值的含磷地层。著名的磷矿有荆襄磷矿、宜昌磷矿、兴(山)神(农架)保(康)磷矿。迄今已有20多年的勘探史,但由于各矿区研究程度不一,又缺古生物依据,亦不能依靠同位素年龄来作划分对比,故在地层及磷矿层的划分、对比上认识不一。笔者结合磷矿特征及含磷岩系岩类组合、剖面结构特点、稀土元素特征等,将本区划分为4个磷矿分布区,将陡山沱组划分为3个岩性段、5个含磷层位。  相似文献