散粒体斜坡运动堆积特征试验研究     

何娜  傅荣华  卜祥航  汪留洋  李川  邓荫万  陈国文  潘宏坚 《地质灾害与环境保护》2012,23(1):50-53

散粒体斜坡俗称“溜砂坡”,对其运动和堆积特征的研究是溜砂坡防治的关键.在斜坡模型架上模拟碎块石的运动过程和堆积过程,探索其颗粒大小、形态与斜坡角的关系.通过堆积体纵剖面取样发现,溜砂坡堆积呈现分形结构,其颗粒质量粒径分布分维数随黏粒含量的增大而增大.  相似文献   

浅析四川汶川索桥滑坡稳定性及治理措施     

阳建新  李发菊  陈田华 《华北地质》2012,(3):210-213

根据工程地质测绘及勘探成果资料,在对四川汶川县索桥滑坡产生的成因机理和破坏模式进行分析判断的基础上,对两个潜在滑移面在不同的工况下的稳定性进行了分析评价,确定岩土交界面为最危险滑面.在此前提下对边坡发展趋势及激发诱因进行科学预测,认为在暴雨或余震等诱发下边坡极有可能失稳,并有针对性的制定了应急防治与永久根治的综合治理方案.  相似文献   

Effects of turbulence on the transport of individual particles as bedload in a gravel‐bed river     

Geneviève Paiement‐Paradis  Geneviève Marquis  André Roy 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(1):107-116

This study investigates the association between mean and turbulent flow variables and the movement of individual particles in a gravel‐bed river. The experimental design implemented in the Eaton‐North River (Québec, Canada) is based on the simultaneous observations at a high temporal resolution of both particle movements as bedload using an underwater video camera and of the streamwise and vertical flow velocity components using a vertical array of three electromagnetic current meters (ECMs). The frequency and distance of displacement of particles larger than 20 mm that were sliding or rolling on the bed were measured from a 10 minutes long film. Mean and turbulent flow properties obtained for periods without sediment transport are compared to those when particles were sliding and rolling. When particles are sliding, weak differences are present for the mean streamwise velocity and normal vertical stresses. Instantaneous Reynolds shear stresses are significantly lower for sliding events which was not expected but could be explained by the important dominance of Quadrant 3 events (inward interactions). When particles are rolling, only the vertical normal stresses show a weak difference from those observed in the absence of transport but they tend to occur when Quadrant 2 (ejections) dominate the flow field. For both sliding and rolling particles, vertical and/or streamwise fluid accelerations show high magnitude values when compared to periods without transport. For sliding particles, streamwise acceleration is mostly negative and combines most of the time with a positive vertical acceleration. For rolling particles, streamwise and vertical acceleration are predominantly of opposite sign. These results suggest that fluid acceleration or deceleration in the streamwise and vertical directions is affecting the pressure field around particles. In this study, fluid acceleration seems to play a more important role than Reynolds shear stress or normal stresses for bedload movements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Theory and experimental study for sliding isolators with variable curvature     

Lyan‐Ywan Lu  Shih‐Wei Yeh 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(14):1609-1627

Because a conventional isolation system with constant isolation frequency is usually a long‐period dynamic system, its seismic response is likely to be amplified in earthquakes with strong long‐period wave components, such as near‐fault ground motions. Seismic isolators with variable mechanical properties may provide a promising solution to alleviate this problem. To this end, in this work sliding isolators with variable curvature (SIVC) were studied experimentally. An SIVC isolator is similar to a friction pendulum system (FPS) isolator, except that its sliding surface has variable curvature rather being spherical. As a result, the SIVC's isolation stiffness that is proportional to the curvature becomes a function of the isolator displacement. By appropriately designing the geometry of the sliding surface, the SIVC is able to possess favorable hysteretic behavior. In order to prove the applicability of the SIVC concept, several prototype SIVC isolators, whose sliding surfaces are defined by a sixth‐order polynomial function, were fabricated and tested in this study. A cyclic element test on the prototype SIVC isolators and a shaking table test on an SIVC isolated steel frame were all conducted. The results of both tests have verified that the prototype SIVC isolators do indeed have the hysteretic property of variable stiffness as prescribed by the derived formulas in this study. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the proposed SIVC is able to effectively reduce the isolator drift in a near‐fault earthquake with strong long‐period components, as compared with that of an FPS system with the same friction coefficient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩滑响应研究现状及展望     

杨旭朝  崔芳鹏 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2011,22(2):1-13

地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩、滑地质灾害因其巨大的致灾力引起了广泛关注,其研究主要集中在：①地震触发斜坡崩滑灾害特征和影响因素统计学分析,即从典型地震触发的大量斜坡崩滑灾害实例研究入手,从统计学角度分析地震崩滑灾害发育特征同地震参数（地震震级、地震烈度、震源深度、震中距等）和斜坡体特征（坡高、坡角、岩性、构造、水文地质条件等）之间的关系;②地震触发斜坡崩滑灾害的形成机制和动力响应特征研究,即分析地震波产生的拉压和剪切作用对斜坡体的影响及在这种作用下斜坡体发生的破坏和运动过程;③地震作用下斜坡稳定性评价和致灾预测研究,主要是评价、预测方法和技术的类别及特征。基于此阐述了该研究中存在的问题和今后的研究趋势。  相似文献   

FLAC 3D 强度折减理论在边坡稳定分析中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

季聪  佴磊  马宏  佘小光  刘录君 《世界地质》2013,32(1):158-164

FLAC3D 是岩土工程中广泛应用的软件。本文主要介绍强度折减理论的基本原理,利用基于强度折减法的FLAC3D 软件,对某高速公路K377 + 230 ～ K377 + 520 段滑坡体进行数值模拟。计算边坡在自重作用达到初始化平衡状态时,边坡的横向与竖直方向的应力与位移,分析出边坡的破坏机制为牵引式滑坡,通过强度折减理论计算出边坡的稳定系数为0. 97,由剪切应变增量云图确定边坡的滑动面。  相似文献   

抗倒塌柱顶部分滑移钢筋混凝土框架结构的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴波  陈展图 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(4)

从抗倒塌角度出发,提出了柱顶部分滑移钢筋混凝土框架结构的设想。通过对比该框架结构和常规框架结构的设计过程,并分别进行pushover分析,初步比较了二者的经济性以及弹塑性地震响应。研究结果表明:(1)通过滑移释放部分框架柱的柱顶内力,可以在造价略微增加的情况下,使结构具有更好的抗倒塌能力。(2)结构总层数较少时,柱顶部分滑移框架结构的造价增加比例相对更小。  相似文献   

竖向地震动对滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构地震反应的影响     

王常峰  陈兴冲  夏修身 《世界地震工程》2008,24(4)

利用接触摩擦单元建立了滑动摩擦隔震桥梁支座在竖向地震动作用下的有限元模型,通过算例讨论了竖向地震动对不同支座摩擦系数和不同刚度(墩径)滑动摩擦隔震桥梁地震反应的影响,初步探讨了竖向地震动的激励方向对分析结果的影响,分析结果表明,竖向地震动对滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构的地震反应有较大的影响,在竖向地震动较为明显地区的滑动摩擦隔震桥梁结构设计时,应予以考虑。  相似文献   

DDA程序二次开发及工程应用     

何传永 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):166-170

在石根华先生DDA程序的基础上,中国水利水电科学研究院作了二次程序开发,实现了Windows用户界面,丰富了前后处理的功能,计算中也可以模拟边坡的开挖过程。介绍了程序的新功能、新特点以及程序在向家坝重力坝抗滑稳定性研究中的应用。  相似文献   

Comprehensive precursor anomaly research based on earthquake corresponding relevancy spectrum     

Haitao Wang  Qiong Wang  Lanlan Tang Lanzhou Base of Institute of Earthquake Science  China Earthquake Administration  Lanzhou  China Earthquake Administration of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region  Urumqi  China 《地震学报(英文版)》2009,(6):675-681

With the aim to the quantification of anomaly identification and extraction for observed or analyzed records, we present two statistical methods of earthquake corresponding relevancy spectrum(ECRS)and sliding mean relevancy (SMR).With ECRS method,we can obtain the abnormal confidence attribute of data in different value ranges.Based on the relevancy spectrum in different studied time-intervals,we convert the original time sequence into relevancy time sequence, and can obtain the SMR time series by using the...  相似文献