陕西宝鸡市地质灾害基本类型和空间分布     

石玲  王涛  辛鹏 《地质通报》2013,32(12):1984-1992

宝鸡是中国地质灾害发育较强的地区之一。为揭示其地质灾害分布规律,在2006—2012年持续7年的地质灾害详细调查资料和综合研究成果分析的基础上,统计宝鸡市地质灾害的主要类型和空间分布特征,结果显示宝鸡市地质灾害主要类型为滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和不稳定斜坡4类,其中滑坡数量最多达887处,约占总数的57%,主要沿渭河谷地、东北部黄土丘陵区、南部和西部山区中人类工程活动频繁的山间盆地和主干道路切坡沿线密集分布;其次为崩塌328处,约占总数的21.23%,再次为不稳定斜坡234处,约占总数的15.15%,崩塌和不稳定斜坡主要分布于渭河盆地周边的塬边和丘陵斜坡带、东北部典型黄土丘陵区高陡斜坡带和基岩山区交通干线道路沿线的切坡地段;泥石流灾害数量最少为96处,约占总数的6.21%,集中分布在西南部陇山、秦岭山区沟谷和黄土丘陵区的沟壑中。目前,频繁发生的浅层小型滑坡和崩塌灾害,特别是黄土地区房前屋后和山区公路边坡地段的小型滑坡和崩塌灾害,是宝鸡市减灾、防灾关注的重点。  相似文献   

Robust design in geotechnical engineering – an update     

《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2013,7(4):217-234

This paper presents an update for the robust geotechnical design (RGD) methodology, which seeks an optimal design with respect to design robustness and cost efficiency, while satisfying the safety requirements. In general, the design robustness is achieved if the system response is insensitive to the variation in the uncertain input parameters (called “noise factors”). In other words, a design is considered robust if the system response exhibits little variation, even though there is high variation in the input parameters. Robust design achieves this desirable outcome by carefully adjusting ‘design parameters’ (i.e., the parameters that can be controlled by the designer, such as the geometry and dimensions) without reducing the uncertainty in the noise factors. In this paper, the existing RGD methodology is updated with a gradient-based robustness measure and a simplified procedure for seeking the knee point. The RGD methodology and its simplified version (with new updates) are illustrated with three design examples. The results presented in this paper show that the RGD methodology and its simplified version are effective design tools that considers safety, cost and design robustness simultaneously. The advantages of the simplified RGD approach are discussed.  相似文献   

Updated normalized load-settlement model for full-scale footings on granular soils     

《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2013,7(1):63-80

The design of spread footings on granular soils is generally governed by serviceability requirements. Recent studies have utilized databases of load tests to investigate the use of normalized load-settlement curves to model the behavior of footings on sands. A major limitation of available databases is that they are based primarily on data from plate load tests or footings that have an equivalent width smaller than 1.0 m. There is a need to confirm the applicability of these curves to footings of practical scale. The main objective of this paper is to update available normalized load-settlement curves using point measurements of settlement and load from full-scale footings. Bayesian techniques are employed in the updating process. Results indicate that the updated normalized load-settlement relationship is slightly more conservative but less uncertain than the current relationship. Results from an illustrative example involving serviceability limit state reliability analyses using footings with widths ranging from 1.5 to 3.0 m indicated that the updated relationship resulted in a slightly higher reliability level compared to the prior relationship.  相似文献   

Extreme rainfall characteristics for surface slope stability in the Malaysian Peninsular     

《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2013,7(2):65-78

This paper discusses the results of an investigation on the influence of rainfall intensity and duration on the suction distribution within a soil mass. A series of numerical analyses were conducted on an infinite slope model to simulate the responses of the slope consisting of typical soil types to various rainfall intensities and durations from selected locations in the Malaysian Peninsular. The study showed that the critical duration was governed by three major factors: the saturated permeability of the soil, the geographical location, and the depth of the slip plane. The critical rainfall duration for highly permeable soil was 1 day, while 30 days of antecedent rainfall were required for the stability analysis of a slope made of soil with low saturated permeability. The critical duration of antecedent rainfall in soils with intermediate saturated permeability was found to vary with the rainfall pattern. A chart is proposed to determine the critical duration, critical intensity and critical suction for each type of soil.  相似文献   

A comparative slope stability analysis of sheet pile supported I-wall in New Orleans,Louisiana with sheet pile penetrating into sand layer     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):202-208

Computer modelling and stability analyses of the New Orleans I-walls with and without the consideration of gap formation has drawn significant attention of the engineering community during the post Katrina period. In addition, when the sheet pile penetrates into sand layer, seepage becomes an integral part of the stability analysis. Basic guidelines have been developed for the analysis of this problem by other researchers and documented by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). However, the inherent complexity of the problem and uncertainties associated with the choice of analysis methods warrant for further investigation of this problem in detail so that more useful insights can be gained. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of this complex coupled problem of seepage and stability of a typical New Orleans I-wall is presented using different limit equilibrium methods of slope stability analysis. Useful comparisons are made between the analyses results and methodologies. The authors believe that the findings of this study will enhance the understanding of the behaviour of the I-wall sheet pile system subjected to seepage forces, when different limit equilibrium methods of analyses are invoked.  相似文献   

非均质土坡降雨入渗的耦合过程及稳定性分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李海亮  黄润秋  吴礼舟  方正 《水文地质工程地质》2013,40(4):70-76

针对天然土质边坡通常呈现非均质特性这一问题,进行了降雨入渗作用下非均质土坡稳定性分析,考虑了渗流场和应力场之间的耦合作用。以一简化非均质土坡模型为例,对比了耦合和非耦合情况下渗流场的差异,验证耦合的客观性和其必要性;细-粗型和粗-细型土坡的降雨入渗过程可分别分为2个和3个阶段;运用有限元强度折减法,以特征部位位移突变并结合塑性区贯通作为失稳判据,进行了土坡稳定性分析,发现雨水到达土坡土层接触面的时刻即为边坡稳定性突变的时刻;并通过深入分析孔隙水压力分布,揭示了降雨诱发非均质土坡的变形破坏机制。同时,就降雨强度、历时和渗透系数对非均质土坡入渗过程和稳定性的影响进行了大量的计算和分析,发现只有当雨水进入到下层土体时,该层土体渗透系数才会对土坡稳定性产生较大影响。  相似文献   

黄陵矿业公司运煤专线边坡治理方案设计与施工          下载免费PDF全文

张丽红  王振福 《探矿工程》2013,40(9):55-58

针对黄陵矿业公司运煤铁路专用线新庄科隧道西出口边坡崩塌、落石灾害发育的特点,提出采用喷射砼面层防止岩层表面进一步风化、采用预应力锚索框架梁防止山体发生崩塌灾害的治理设计方案,并根据设计对边坡进行了治理施工。介绍了治理方案设计及施工要点。  相似文献   

鞍山垃圾与渣土受纳场边坡锚索支护治理设计与施工          下载免费PDF全文

马赟  霍俊华  孙旭  李斌 《探矿工程》2013,40(8):75-78

介绍了鞍山市千山区建筑垃圾与渣土受纳场边坡锚索支护治理工程锚索的设计与计算,以及施工工艺及监测等情况。  相似文献   

超高排土场的粒径分级及其边坡稳定性分析研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王光进  杨春和  张超  马洪岭  孔祥云  侯克鹏 《岩土力学》2011,32(3):905-913

明显的粒径分级是超高排土场区别于土质边坡的最重要特征。针对西源岭413台阶排土场,结合开发的HHC-CA模型和现场散体粒径分布情况的调查,建立了考虑超高排土场粒径分级特征的边坡模型。在此模型的基础上,借助FLAC3D软件分析了现状边坡和各种堆排模式下的边坡稳定性。结果表明:西源岭413台阶排土场现状边坡上部位移矢量表现为下沉,其下沉方向与坡面保持同向,中部位移矢量表现为剪切,下部位移矢量略有反抬升的趋势。其边坡破坏模式为顶部平台拉裂,中部以圆弧形剪出;此排土场的现状边坡处于暂时性稳定阶段。而采用全覆盖式多台阶排土的边坡上部位移矢量表现为下沉,在排土场底部过渡到水平方向;破坏模式为顶部平台拉裂,下部以圆弧形剪出。仅考虑堆积散体的材料强度对排土场稳定性影响时,超高排土场的粒径分级有利于排土场边坡的稳定。  相似文献   

Initiation of a multiple peat slide on Cuilcagh Mountain,Northern Ireland     

A. P. Dykes  K. J. Kirk 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(4):395-408

In October 1998 a multiple peat slide occurred on the northern slopes of Cuilcagh Mountain, Co. Fermanagh, in response to a high‐magnitude rainfall event. Few peat slides have been recorded in Ireland, and a detailed field survey and investigation of the failure was undertaken within four weeks of the event. The morphological evidence indicated a distinct sequence of events which appeared to begin with the failure of a small segment of slope above a degraded transverse drainage ditch which was cut less than ten years previously. This segment of slope was no more than 42 m wide and 25 m long, with 0·7 m of peat overlying up to 0·5 m of a pale coloured clay, the latter containing small pipes and resting on the surface of a darker coloured loamy material. The failure surface was located at or near the base of the pale clay layer. Finite element software was used to model hydrological conditions within the upper segment of slope and to calculate factors of safety for different slope configurations including the presence or absence of a drain or a subsurface pipe. Using the peak shear strength of the pale clay, as determined in the laboratory, both the drain and subsurface pipes were required to obtain a factor of safety of 1·0 or less. Allowing for the uncertainties associated with the hydrological modelling of the pipes, it is suggested that the cutting of the drain and the hydrological impacts of its subsequent degradation are ultimately responsible for the failure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献