Biomass Burning in Southern Africa: Individual Particle Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols and Savanna Fire Samples   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiande Liu  Piet Van Espen  Freddy Adams  Jan Cafmeyer  Willy Maenhaut 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,36(2):135-155

Ambient atmospheric aerosols and savanna fireparticulate emission samples from southern Africa werecharacterised in terms of particle classes and theirnumber abundance by electron probe X-ray microanalysis(EPXMA). About ten particle classes were identifiedfor each sample. The major classes werealuminosilicates and sea salts for ambient coarse(2–10 m equivalent aerodynamic diameter (EAD))samples, and K-S and S-only particles for ambient fine(<2 m EAD) samples. The K-S particles are oneof the major products of biomass burning. The EPXMAresults were found to be consistent with the resultsfrom bulk analyses on a sample by sample basis. Forsavanna fire fine samples, quantitative EPXMA revealedthat many particles had a composition of simple saltssuch as KCl. Some particles had a deviatingcomposition in the sense that more ionic species wereinvolved in sustaining the balance between cations andanions, and they were composite or mixed salts.Because of extensive processing during the atmospherictransport, the composition of the K-S particles in theambient samples was different from K₂SO₄,and such particles were enriched with S. The finepyrogenic KCl particles and the fine sea-saltparticles were much depleted in chlorine.  相似文献   

微波消解-等离子体发射光谱法同时测定水中硅铁钠   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李明利  袁园 《岩矿测试》2006,25(3):279-281

讨论使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水样中si、Fe、Na时，四种水样前处理方法对测试结果的影响。提出采用HNO3^-HF体系微波消解、H3BO3掩蔽HF的方法前处理水样，用等离子体发射光谱法可同时准确快速地测定水中Si、Fe、Na三种元素的含量。5次测定的相对标准偏差小于4％，加标回收率为89．2％-106％。  相似文献   

离子色谱法测定五氧化二铌和五氧化二钽中痕量氟氯和硫酸根离子的前处理方法     

刘肖 滕曼蔡亚岐  牟世芬 《岩矿测试》2006,25(4):319-322

采用马弗炉将样品与NaOH混合进行熔融煅烧，热去离子水提取、离心、稀释后过OnGuard Ⅱ H柱和过滤膜进行前处理，抑制型电导离子色谱法检测，测定了Ta2O5和Nb2O5的氟离子、氯离子和硫酸根离子。该方法对三种被测阴离子的检测限（s／N=3）在0．15～0．70μg／g（以固体样品实际浓度计）或0．136～0．623μg／L（以溶液浓度计），标准曲线线性范围均在两个数量级以上，方法的精密度（RSD，n=7）小于5．46％，回收率为88％～106％，具有灵敏度高、选择性好、重现性佳、对环境友好等特点，用于实际样品的检测，结果令人满意。  相似文献   

浅埋深地下水作用下苏打盐渍土水分动态变化特征     

杨建锋  邓伟  章光新 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(4):61-65,69

文章利用野外试验设施分别把地下水埋深控制在1.0,1.4,1.8,2.2和2.5m,研究在不同地下水埋深作用下苏打盐渍土土壤水分平衡和水分动态变化。同时,跟踪在地下水位不断波动条件下田间土壤水分的动态变化。结果表明:地下水埋深在1.0~2.5m时,苏打盐渍土土壤水和地下水的转化关系非常微弱,仅在长期干旱的条件下发生微量地下水毛细上升量;降雨和蒸散作用对苏打盐渍土体积含水量的影响深度不超过40cm,埋深大于1.0m的潜水对0~80cm深度苏打盐渍土体积含水量变化没有明显影响。  相似文献   

榴辉岩中绿辉石的测定方法研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄宝贵  曹文涛 《岩矿测试》1998,17(4):249-253

通过对某地榴辉岩中伴生的有用矿物的纯矿物物质组成的研究,发现Ｎａ可作为其中绿辉石的特征性成分,且Ｎａ２Ｏ含量与其纯度呈正相关。因此,推荐用测定Ｎａ２Ｏ量并以求得的换算系数计算榴辉岩中绿辉石含量的化学物相分析方法。经合成样品验证,方法的相对误差＜１．７％,用于生产样品分析,所得结果的重现性好,平均偏差＜０．５％。  相似文献   

Estimation of groundwater recharge using the chloride mass-balance method, Pingtung Plain, Taiwan   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Cheh-Shyh Ting  Tienfuan Kerh  Chiu-Jung Liao 《Hydrogeology Journal》1998,6(2):282-292

 Due to rapid economic growth in the Pingtung Plain of Taiwan, the use of groundwater resources has changed dramatically. Over-pumping of the groundwater reservoir, which lowers hydraulic heads in the aquifers, is not only affecting the coastal area negatively but has serious consequences for agriculture throughout the plain. In order to determine the safe yield of the aquifer underlying the plain, a reliable estimate of groundwater recharge is desirable. In the present study, for the first time, the chloride mass-balance method is adopted to estimate groundwater recharge in the plain. Four sites in the central part were chosen to facilitate the estimations using the ion-chromatograph and Thiessen polygon-weighting methods. Based on the measured and calculated results, in all sites, including the mountain and river boundaries, recharge to the groundwater is probably 15% of the annual rainfall, excluding recharge from additional irrigation water. This information can improve the accuracy of future groundwater-simulation and management models in the plain. Received, April 1996 Revised, March 1997, November 1997 Accepted, March 1998  相似文献   

Modelling the chloride signal at Plynlimon,Wales, using a modified dynamic TOPMODEL incorporating conservative chemical mixing (with uncertainty)     

T. Page  K. J. Beven  Jim Freer  Colin Neal 《水文研究》2007,21(3):292-307

The application of a modified version of dynamic TOPMODEL for two subcatchments at Plynlimon, Wales is described. Conservative chemical mixing within mobile and immobile stores has been added to the hydrological model in an attempt to simulate observed stream chloride concentrations. The model was not fully able to simulate the observed behaviour, in particular the short‐ to medium‐term dynamics. One of the primary problems highlighted by the study was the representation of dry deposition and cloud‐droplet‐deposited chloride, which formed a significant part of the long‐term chloride mass budget. Equifinality of parameter sets inhibited the ability to determine the effective catchment mixing volumes and coefficients or the most likely partition between occult mass inputs and chloride mass inputs determined by catchment immobile‐store antecedent conditions. Some success was achieved, in as much as some aspects of the dynamic behaviour of the signal were satisfactorily simulated, although spectral analysis showed that the model could not fully reproduce the 1/f power spectra of observed stream chloride concentrations with its implications of a wide distribution of residence times for water in the catchment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

High chloride concentrations in the soil and groundwater under an oak hedge in the West of France: an indicator of evapotranspiration and water movement     

C. Grimaldi  Z. Thomas  M. Fossey  Y. Fauvel  P. Merot 《水文研究》2009,23(13):1865-1873

Chloride is a major anion in soil water and its concentration rises essentially as a function of evapotranspiration. Compared to herbaceous vegetation, high transpiration rates are measured for isolated trees, shelterbelts or hedgerows. This article deals with the influence of a tree hedge on the soil and groundwater Cl^? concentrations and the possibility of using Cl^? as an indicator of transpiration and water movements near the tree rows. Cl^? concentrations were measured over 1 year at different depths in the unsaturated zone and in the groundwater along a transect intersecting a bottomland oak hedge. We observed a strong spatial heterogeneity of Cl^? concentrations, with very high values up to 2 g l^?1 in the unsaturated zone and 1·2 g l^?1 in the upper part of the groundwater. This contrasts with the low and homogeneous concentrations (60–70 mg l^?1) in the deeper part of the groundwater. Cl^? accumulation in the unsaturated zone at the end of the vegetation season allows us to identify the active root zone extension of trees. In winter, upslope of the tree row, downwards leaching partly renews the soil solution in the root zone, while the slow water movement under the trees or farther downslope results in Cl^? accumulation and leads to a salinization of the soil and groundwater. This salinization is of the same order as experimental conditions produce negative effects on oak seedlings. The measurement of Cl^? concentrations in the unsaturated zone under tree rows at the end of the vegetation season would indicate whether certain topographic, pedological or climatic conditions are likely to favour a strong salinization of the soil, as observed in the present study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

改性红辉沸石的制备及去除水中CODcr的性能研究     

张静  肖筱瑜  徐文炘 《矿产与地质》2010,24(6):570-573

天然红辉沸石经过氯化铝及氯化镁共同改性后,制备出改性红辉沸石。研究了改性红辉沸石和天然红辉沸石对生活污水中CODcr的吸附效果,表明改性红辉沸石的吸附效果明显优于红辉沸石,并通过X射线粉末衍射、热重分析、红外光谱对改性红辉沸石表面结构进行了表征。  相似文献   

钠土泥浆在构造破碎带型复杂地层钻进中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

廖远苏  廖长生  卓廉明  胡啟锋 《探矿工程》2010,37(8):5-9

应用钠土泥浆,解决了锡坑矿区复杂地层钻进中运用其它措施难以解决的塌、漏、掉等问题,保证了后续施工的钻孔质量,提高了钻进效率和经济效益。通过钠土泥浆与钙土泥浆及其它无固相冲洗液类比分析,得出了钠土泥浆在该矿区取得好成效的机理。针对赣南构造破碎带型复杂地层钻进中存在的问题,借鉴锡坑矿区的成功经验,提出应重视对钠土泥浆的研究和应用的建议。  相似文献