An Eco-Friendly High-Effective Scale Inhibitor for High Salt Brine     

ZHANG Xin  SHAO Qianqian  CUI Zhaojie  TAN Xianfeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):408-409

正Now the mining of high salt underground brine has been an important aspect of salt lake mining,which is the necessary support to the development of national economy.With the change of underground geological  相似文献   

福建省晋江市浅层地下水硝酸盐含量特征及其水化学指示意义   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周迅  朱春芳 《地球学报》2014,35(2):177-182

地下水中硝酸盐的含量不仅对水质产生影响,也会显著影响地下水的水化学分类,本文以福建省晋江市为例,对浅层地下水中硝酸盐含量特征及与其他水化学指标的关系进行了分析。结果显示:地下水中硝酸盐绝对含量总体偏高,在阴离子毫克当量百分比中所占比重已超过硫酸盐,对地下水水化学类型产生显著影响。NO3–相对含量较高的样品,往往具有低矿化度,低pH值,高r(Na+)、r(Cl–)比,且属于氯化物型水的特征。利用r(NO3–)/r(Cl–)可判别地下水在天然条件下的浓缩或稀释效应,亦可结合目标污染物的绝对含量变化,判断其是否属于人为污染抑或天然水动力条件下的浓缩稀释效应。  相似文献   

Effects of fracture grouting with sodium hydroxide during electro-osmosis on clay     

Jun Wang  Ziyang Gao  Lingyu Li  Hongtao Fu  Yuanqiang Cai 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):245-255

ABSTRACT

Electro-osmosis is a foundation treatment method for clay that is not widely used because of its nonuniform consolidation effect and high cost. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates fracture grouting. To determine the optimal grouting method, anode grouting, polyurethane grouting, and fracture grouting were first compared in one-dimensional electro-osmosis consolidation tests using self-made model boxes under an equal electric potential gradient, and then different solution concentrations were tested. By comparing the current, drainage rate, and coefficient of energy consumption during the electro-osmosis process, as well as moisture content, electrical conductivity, and shear strength after the tests, the moisture and shear strength of clay after electro-osmosis were found to be significantly improved by adding chemical reagents at the fracture. In addition, the optimum concentration of fracture grouting was determined to be 1.5%, and the shear strength after testing of clay that had been treated with sodium hydroxide was found to be higher than that of the control group. However, the effects of fracture grouting in the early stage were clearer than the effects of fracture grouting at later stages.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton biornass in relation to the surface hydrography of southern New Zealand and possible effects on the food chain     

Janet M. Bradford  H. John Cranfield  Keith P. Michael 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):133-144

Abstract

The surface distribution of salinity, temperature, nitrate‐nitrogen (N0₃‐N), and chlorophyll a in the southern New Zealand, Foveaux Strait region in February 1977, 1978, 1979, and 1980 was highly variable. The source of new nitrogen appears to be incursions of high‐salinity water west and east of Stewart Island. Although it seems likely that the source of this high‐nutrient, high‐salinity water is vertical, a horizontal advective source cannot be ruled out The chlorophyll a content of surface waters was not related directly to the NO3‐N concentrations. This lower food chain variability may be linked to variability in economically important species. Oysters grew twice as fast in the summer of 1978/79 as they did in 1979/80. But the mean chlorophyll a values were very similar for February of both years (2.5 and 2.2 μg 1^?1, respectively). The elevated NO₃‐N levels in 1979 may have resulted in much higher phytoplankton levels later that summer and resulted in the higher oyster growth rate that year. The mechanisms driving this variability have yet to be determined.  相似文献   

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review     

L. W. Sinton  R. K. Finlay  D. J. Hannah 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):323-348

Management of faecal contamination of water would be improved if sources could be accurately identified through water analysis. Human faeces are generally perceived as constituting a greater human health risk than animal faeces, but reliable epidemiological evidence is lacking. United States waterborne disease data suggest that human‐specific enteric viruses account for over half the documented outbreaks. However, in New Zealand, where there is a high grazing animal:human ratio (increasing the relative importance of water‐transmissible zoonoses), it seems prudent to assume that human and animal faecal pollution both constitute a risk to human health. Irrespective of the relative risks, the ability to identify sources would assist in overall management of microbial water quality. Faecal streptococci do not appear to provide reliable faecal source identification. Human and animal sources, respectively, maybe distinguishable by two tests on Bifidobacterium spp.—growth at 45°C in trypticase phytone yeast broth and sorbitol fermentation. Different species of Bacteroides tend to be present in humans and animals, but poor survival in water is a problem. Phages of the Bacteroides fragilis strain HSP40 appear to be human specific, but low counts in effluent in some countries, including New Zealand, may limit their usefulness. Different F‐RNA phage subgroups appear to be associated with human and animal faecal sources. The actinomycete Rhodococcus coprophilus has potential as a grazing animal indicator but it is persistent, and existing culturing techniques are time consuming. The development of DNA‐based techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), may assist in the assay of some microbial faecal source indicators. Various faecal sterol isomers offer the possibility of distinguishing between human and animal sources, and even between different animals. Washing powder constituents such as fluorescent whitening agents, sodium tripolyphosphate and linear alkyl benzenes, offer useful human source identifiers. It is unlikely that any single determinand will be useful in all situations, but statistical analysis of appropriate “baskets” of microbial and chemical determinands offers the possibility of identifying and apportioning human and animal faecal inputs to natural waters.  相似文献   

Bromide in Canterbury ground water     

E. T. J. Bathurst  L. J. Thomson  L. F. Wilkinson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):409-411

Bromide levels in unconfined ground water in the area south‐west of Christchurch increase gradually with distance from the source, the Waimakariri River. The concentration of bromide correlates well with chloride and nitrate concentrations, and no specific source of bromide pollution has been found.  相似文献   

硫酸钠亚型富锂卤水25℃等温蒸发过程的计算机模拟   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

卜令忠  乜贞  宋彭生 《地质学报》2010,84(11):1708-1714

我国青藏高原上分布有许多盐湖,其中扎布耶等碳酸盐型盐湖、东台吉乃尔等硫酸镁亚型盐湖是著名的富锂盐湖,已成功开发生产出碳酸锂产品。青藏高原上还有许多硫酸钠亚型盐湖,其卤水锂浓度高,钾、镁、硼等有用成分丰富。针对这些盐湖资源,目前尚未进行开发利用研究。这些卤水的等温蒸发实验研究,是必不可少的关键工作之一。本文使用我们由Pitzer电解质溶液理论建立的Li+,Na+,K+,Mg2+/Cl-,SO24--H2O体系的热力学模型,对25℃下几种硫酸钠亚型富锂卤水等温蒸发过程进行了计算机模拟,预测蒸发过程中盐类矿物的析出顺序、卤水组成变化规律、钠、钾、镁、锂盐的饱和点,并在此基础上进行卤水蒸发过程物料平衡关系的理论计算等。本文对西藏3种硫酸钠亚型卤水和国外2种硫酸钠亚型卤水25℃等温蒸发过程进行了模拟。其析盐顺序的特点是:在第一个矿物石盐饱和析出后,接着析出的含钾矿物是钾芒硝,而不是钾镁矾类矿物。其后钾盐则会以钾岩盐形式析出。锂盐饱和后则主要以复盐Li2SO4.K2SO4形式析出。美国银峰卤水的模拟结果与实验蒸发过程完全一致,并给出其继续蒸发时的析盐状况。另4种硫酸钠亚型卤水的模拟结果不仅可以作为未来实验研究的基本参考和注意点,同样也可作为其盐田设计和工艺安排的基本理论依据。本文研究为该类型卤水资源综合开发利用工艺路线的确立提供理论参考。  相似文献   

中国钾资源与钾盐工业可持续发展   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

马鸿文  苏双青  刘浩  杨雪  彭辉  俞子俭 《地学前缘》2010,17(1):294

对全国14个代表性产地的非水溶性钾矿石的研究表明,其主要富钾矿物相均为微斜长石。对此类矿石进行选矿预处理,可制得纯度达75%～95%的钾长石粉体。实验研究结果表明,采用以碳酸钠为配料的中温烧结法,或以碱石灰为配料的水热分解法,均可使钾长石的结构发生分解,生成偏硅酸钠、偏铝酸钾(钠)等化合物,并水解为富含[SiO2(OH)2]2-、Na+、K+的碱性溶液,通入CO2进行酸化反应,滤液为NaHCO3-KH-CO3-H2O三元水盐体系,经浓缩、分离、纯化、结晶,可制取碳酸钾或硫酸钾、硝酸钾等其他钾盐(肥)产品。原矿中的Al2O3和40%以上的SiO2组分亦可制成不同规格的氧化铝和无机硅化合物等高值产品。整个工艺过程符合钾长石资源利用率100%、"三废"接近零排放的高效节能和清洁生产的要求。本项技术实现规模化工业生产,将有助于缓解我国水溶性钾盐资源极缺的矛盾,显著减少钾盐(肥)消费的进口依存度,提高中国钾盐资源的保证程度,维护粮食供给的战略安全。  相似文献   

基于镀铜镉柱海水中硝酸盐氮的检测技术的研究     

刘春晖  黄存款  张政  袁方  王思长  郑策 《海洋科学》2021,45(8):40-46

镀铜镉柱还原——重氮偶氮染色法在检测海水领域具有重要的位置,算法的不断创新优化成为海水水质检测质量的的关键.本研究以硝酸钾作为标准溶液,海水作溶剂做相关实验,并且在实际海水检测应用中得到良好的效果.通过对实验原理的分析及实验过程的探究,确定了本研究的最佳还原与显色条件.并采用偏最小二乘法(partial least s...  相似文献