Aesthetic evaluation of yardang landforms landscape: the Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park example     

RuiJie Dong  ZhiBao Dong 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(3):265-271

Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park,situated in the Gansu Province of northwestern China(40o25'36 "N–40o33'10" N,93o00'00 "E–93o13'30" E),was chosen as a research locality of aesthetics evaluation of yardang landforms landscape.The yardang landforms landscape is a composite structural system of patch-corridor-matrix,with four landscape unit elements as dense group,sparse group,single body and remnant.The study of the landscape aesthetics spatial pattern of Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park shows that yardang dense group,sparse group and single body provide the greatest contribution to the aesthetic value of yardang landforms landscape.Yardang bodies are scarce,unique,irreplaceable,and priceless resources in yardang landforms areas.However,they are easily destroyed under the influence of the natural and artificial factors.Therefore,when the tourism potential of yardang landforms landscape is exploited,the protection should be fully improved.  相似文献   

Characteristics of high arsenic groundwater in Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, northern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

YangChun Zhu  XueYong Zhao  Min Chen  YongQing Luo  Xin Zhou 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(1):0104-0110

It is well known that the Hetao Basin is one of the most seriously arsenic-affected groundwater areas in China. In order to understand the characteristics of high arsenic(As) groundwater in the Basin, a brief overview of arsenic in groundwater follows. High arsenic in the Basin commonly occurs in shallow groundwater and the total arsenic concentrations range from 0.58 to 572 μg/L(average 99.73 μg/L), exceeding the maximum mandated value of 10 μg/L for drinking water in China; As(Ш) is the predominant species. The regional distribution pattern of arsenic in the groundwater increases from south/southeast to north/northwest. Hangjinhouqi and Wuyuan counties are considered as the most seriously affected areas, with high incidences of endemic arsenicosic diseases in the Hetao Basin. High groundwater arsenic correlates with the increase of well depth. Previous studies proposed that groundwater arsenic in the Basin is mainly originated from desorption of some natural solid materials in the sediments, under reducing condition. Generally, reducing condition is believed to be the primary factor for arsenic releasing from the sediment to groundwater in the region. Under inorganic or bacterial processes, Fe2O3 changes to Fe S and arsenic adsorbed to Fe(OH)3 dissolves into groundwater, and As(V) is reduced to As(Ш). Besides, reducing environments, groundwater hydraulic gradients, organic matter, p H, evapotranspiration, and soil texture are presumed to be the predominant factors that control arsenic mobilization.  相似文献   

基于中性集对北川羌族自治县新城人工建设用地的识别     

于博  王力  牛铮 《国土资源遥感》2015,(1):106-112

人工建设用地(包括建筑物、道路、广场等社会服务设施)的识别一直是用来监测地区发展速度的一个有效途径。针对目前在人工建设用地识别领域中对在建建筑物的忽视问题,利用中性集、均值漂移以及绿度因子等概念将在建建设用地信息进行增强,进而将其成功识别出来。实验证明,该方法对高分辨率遥感影像的人工建设用地识别是可行的。通过分析2009—2013年期间北川新城的建设工地面积及分布的变化情况可以看出,北川新城在2010—2013年期间完工面积占2009—2010年新建工程总面积的98.17%,在北川新城拓展区又新建0.6 km2的工程,施工迅速,为受灾居民提供了良好的居住和生活保障。  相似文献   

基于遥感技术的近30年中亚地区主要湖泊变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

成晨  傅文学  胡召玲  李新武 《国土资源遥感》2015,(1):146-152

在全球气候变暖的背景下,研究中亚干旱半干旱地区主要湖泊的变化不仅对内陆水资源管理和可持续发展有着重要意义,也为进一步研究湖泊变化对气候变化和人类活动的响应提供基础。获取1978年MSS、1989年TM、1998年TM及2010年ETM的同季相4期遥感图像数据,通过人工解译提取中亚地区7个湖泊信息,获得近30 a的湖泊面积变化;利用T/P和Envisat雷达高度计提取1992—2012年的湖泊水位信息;基于湖泊面积和水位的时空变化特征分析了湖泊变化的影响因素。结果表明:近30 a来,由于湖泊类型的不同,除萨雷卡梅什湖外的其他6个湖泊均出现不同程度的面积缩减;其中,平原尾闾湖面积变化最显著,高山封闭湖相对平稳,吞吐湖泊的面积变化相对复杂;湖泊的水位变化模式因流域和湖泊类型而异;高山封闭湖泊受气候的影响较大,而吞吐湖泊受人为因素影响显著。  相似文献   

长株潭地区建设用地扩张遥感时空特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

易凤佳  李仁东  常变蓉  邱娟 《国土资源遥感》2015,(2):160-166

利用遥感、GIS一体化技术,获取长沙、株洲、湘潭3市(长株潭地区)2000年、2005年和2010年3期陆地卫星图像,提取建设用地扩张及其空间分布信息。运用扩张速度指数和强度指数分别对2000—2010年间10 a变化以及2005年为界的前后两个5 a区域建设用地时序特征进行分析;利用优势度指数分析了区域建设用地扩张的空间趋向性。结果表明:长株潭地区建设用地在不同时期都处于增长的趋势,其中前5 a建设用地扩张速度和强度都要明显高于后5 a。2000—2010年间建设用地面积增加约3.94万hm2,前后2个时期的扩张面积分别占增加总量的57.30%和42.70%。对长株潭地区建设用地扩张进行时空特征分析,认为建设用地扩张引起区域内耕地和林地在数量和空间格局上的变化,城区周围9~12 km范围内耕地极易转入建设用地;2个时期河流附近耕地流入建设用地随距离变化而呈现不同特征;前5 a城区周围林地转入建设用地强度大,距离交通用地3 km附近的林地易转入建设用地。  相似文献   

中国银矿的资源特征及成矿规律概要   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张大权  江彪  王登红  王成辉  陈毓川  白鸽 《地质学报》2015,89(6):1008-1025

中国银矿资源丰富,成矿地质条件优越,主要以共伴生为主,近年来独立银矿找矿也取得一些进展。本文系统搜集了国内外银矿数量与规模、储量和分布等内容,梳理了中国银矿资源分布及储量分布规律,总结了中国银矿资源特点。在对全国490处银矿矿产地资料系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了中国银矿的成矿规律,划分了海相火山沉积型、陆相火山次火山岩型、矽卡岩型、热液型(脉型和层控型)、沉积变质型、沉积型和新生风化淋积型等7个银矿预测类型,其中前4个应该作为重点预测类型,并划分出32个成银带,编制了"中国成银带分布图",为中国银矿资源潜力评价和勘查部署提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Upper- and Lower-tropospheric Circulation Anomalies Associated with Interannual Variation of Pakistan Rainfall during Summer     

Riyu LU  Saadia HINA  Xiaowei HONG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(11):1179-1190

This study investigated the large-scale circulation anomalies, in both the upper and lower troposphere, associated with the interannual variation of rainfall in Pakistan during summer, using the station observation data in this country and circulation data of the NCEP?NCAR reanalysis from 1981 to 2017. Results showed that the upper- and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies associated with monthly rainfall variability exhibit similar features from June to August, so analyses were performed on June?August circulation and Pakistan rainfall data. The analyzed results indicated that summer rainfall in Pakistan is enhanced when there is an anticyclonic anomaly to the northwest of Pakistan in the upper troposphere and easterly anomalies along the southern foothills of the Himalayas in the lower troposphere, and vice versa. These upper- and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies were found to be related, but show unique features. The upper-tropospheric anticyclonic anomaly is closely related to the Silk Road Pattern along the Asian westerly jet, while the lower-tropospheric easterly anomalies are related to the cyclonic anomaly to the south of Pakistan, i.e., intensified South Asian monsoon trough. The results presented here suggest that the interannual variability of summer rainfall in Pakistan is a combined result of upper- and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies, and of extratropical and tropical circulation anomalies.  相似文献   

Differences between CMIP6 and CMIP5 Models in Simulating Climate over China and the East Asian Monsoon     

Dabang JIANG  Dan HU  Zhiping TIAN  Xianmei LANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(10):1102-1118

We compare the ability of coupled global climate models from the phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively) in simulating the temperature and precipitation climatology and interannual variability over China for the period 1961–2005 and the climatological East Asian monsoon for the period1979–2005. All 92 models are able to simulate the geographical distribution of the above variables reasonably well.Compared with earlier CMIP5 models, current CMIP6 models have nationally weaker cold biases, a similar nationwide overestimation of precipitation and a weaker underestimation of the southeast–northwest precipitation gradient, a comparable overestimation of the spatial variability of the interannual variability, and a similar underestimation of the strength of winter monsoon over northern Asia. Pairwise comparison indicates that models have improved from CMIP5 to CMIP6 for climatological temperature and precipitation and winter monsoon but display little improvement for the interannual temperature and precipitation variability and summer monsoon. The ability of models relates to their horizontal resolutions in certain aspects. Both the multi-model arithmetic mean and median display similar skills and outperform most of the individual models in all considered aspects.  相似文献   

考虑地形的空间插值算法在复杂下垫面地区气温和降水精细化插值的评估     

朱浩楠  刘晓冉  李永华  廖代强  张芬 《气象》2020,46(5):655-665

为探索考虑地形的空间插值算法在复杂下垫面地区的适用性,利用重庆市区域自动气象站2017年逐月观测数据,采用Cokriging、PRISM和IDW三种算法进行了1 km分辨率插值试验,并分析对比了其在月累积降水、月平均气温插值中的误差。结果表明,当样本数量较多时,平均气温的插值以PRISM误差相对较小,Cokriging和IDW效果相当;对累积降水的插值,PRISM和Cokriging效果相当,并略优于IDW。三种算法的误差均随样本数量减少而增大,但PRISM的平均气温误差增长相对最慢,累积降水误差增长相对最快。当样本数量较少时,PRISM对气温插值的误差相对最小,而Cokriging对降水的插值误差相对最小。进一步分析表明:PRISM能显著减少复杂地形区的气温插值误差;累积降水插值主要受降水强度及降水局地性影响,考虑地形的插值算法并无明显优势。  相似文献   

Trend and Interannual Variability of Chinese Air Pollution since 2000 in Association with Socioeconomic Development: A brief Overview          下载免费PDF全文

LIN Jin-Tai  PAN D  ZHANG Rui-Xiong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,6(2):84-89

air pollution, trend and variability, socioeconomic development, satellite measurements, bottom-up emission inventories, top-down constraints  相似文献