近50年四川盆地汛期极端降水事件的时空演变   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13  

胡豪然  毛晓亮  梁玲 《地理学报》2009,64(3)

利用四川盆地1961-2006年145个台站汛期的逐日降水资料,分析了该地区汛期极端降水事件的时空演变特征,结果表明:该地区汛期极端降水事件的发生频次分布与降水量分布差异较大,由西向东呈阶梯状递减趋势;川西高原与四川盆地之间以及盆地东西部之间的反位相变化是川渝地区汛期极端降水事件发生频次最主要的两个空间异常模态:该地区汛期极端降水事件发生频次的空间分布可以分为8个区;分别是四川盆地中部区、东部区、南部区、西部区、川西高原西部区、中部区、川西南山地区和重庆东部区;从长期变化趋势来看,汛期极端降水事件发生频次除在四川盆地西部区和重庆东部区分别呈较弱的减少和增长趋势以外,在其余各区的线性趋势都较为明显,其中四川盆地东部区、川西南山地区、川西高原西部和中部区表现为增长,四川盆地中部和南部区表现为减少;从气候因子分析看,汛期西太平洋副高位置的南北变化、东亚以及南亚季风的强弱变化分别对四川盆地东部区、中部区以及西部区的极端降水事件存在显著影响.  相似文献   

东北地区融雪期径流及产沙特征分析   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

焦剑  谢云  林燕  赵登峰 《地理研究》2009,28(2):333-344

严重的水土流失已威胁到东北地区的土地资源,融雪径流及其造成的侵蚀作为该地区水土流失的重要组成部分,但相关研究较少。本文利用全区93个气象站降水资料,分析了东北地区降雪与积雪的基本特征。利用27个典型流域水文站径流泥沙资料,分析了融雪期内径流与产沙特征。结果表明:东北各地雪期长度为5~8个月,自南向北逐渐延长。年降雪量占年降水总量的比例多在7~25％,由此形成的融雪期径流深占全年径流深比例达13.3~24.9％,融雪期输沙模数占全年输沙模数比例达5.8~27.7％。融雪期流域输沙模数受地貌影响十分显著:丘陵漫岗区降雪量和径流深均低于山区,但输沙模数平均为山区的2.9倍。融雪输沙模数与流域面积有十分显著的幂函数递减关系。为揭示融雪侵蚀影响因素及其作用机理,今后应加强融雪期内流域侵蚀及产沙监测。  相似文献   

生长季流动沙地水量平衡研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

刘新平  赵哈林  何玉惠  张铜会  赵学勇  李玉霖 《中国沙漠》2009,29(4):663-667

利用水分分配箱对流动沙地土面蒸发量和入渗补给量的月动态特征及其水量平衡作了定量研究。结果表明:①生长季流动沙地土面蒸发量从４月开始逐渐增大,至８月达到蒸发的最高点,９月蒸发量开始回落;5月、6月受气温的影响蒸发量相对较小,只占到同期降水量的30%~40％,有利于土壤储存更多的水分;生长季总蒸发量为167.42 mm,占同期降水量的76.07％,远小于固定沙地小叶锦鸡儿灌丛蒸散量占同期降水量的135.83％的比值。②补给量从4月开始逐渐增大,8月达到最大值16.79 mm,进入9月,随着降水量的减少以及8月较大的蒸发消耗,补给量迅速减少。补给系数从5月至8月逐渐增大,最大值可达到26.73％,平均值为15.09％。  相似文献   

Variations of albedo and spectral reflectance on Qiyi Glacier in Qilian Mountains during the ablation season     

Xi Jiang  NingLian Wang  JianChen Pu  JianQiao He  Liang Chen 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(1):0059-0070

Based on the data observed at two sites (site H1, 4,473 m a.s.l., and site H2, 4,696 m a.s.l.) on Qiyi Glacier in Qilian Mountains, China, by automatic weather station and spectral pyranometer during the period of June 9 through September 27, 2006, we investigated the temporal and spatial variations in surface albedo and spectral reflectance on the glacier. At site H1, the daily mean surface albedos fluctuated between 0.233 and 0.866, which were significantly affected by the air temperature on the glacier. It was found that the albedos clearly showed a diurnal cycle with the lowest value at noon at the two observation sites over the study period, and the difference of albedos between the upper site H2 and the lower site H1 also showed diurnal cycle but with the highest value at noon. The reflectance on the glacier was higher in the ultraviolet (0.28-0.4 μm) and visible (0.4-0.76 μm) wavelengths, lower in the near infrared wavelength (0.76-3 μm), which is quite contrary to the spectral reflectance on other ground surfaces. At the two observation sites, the spectral reflectance declined in all wavelengths with the ablation of snow generally. However, it declined drastically in ultraviolet (0.28-0.4 μm) and 0.6-0.7 μm wavelength, and declined less in 0.4-0.5 μm wavelength. On fresh snow surface, the spectral reflectance had the high values of 0.983 and 0.815 in the ultraviolet and visible (0.4-0.76 μm) wavelengths, respectively; but it had a relatively lower value of 0.671 in near infrared (0.76-3 μm) wavelengths. However, on dirty and melting ice surfaces, the reflectance had the very low values of 0.305 and 0.256 in the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths, with the lowest value of 0.082 in near infrared wavelengths. The spectral reflectance also showed a diurnal cycle like that of albedo. The diurnal variations of spectral reflectance on snow surface in ultraviolet and visible wavelength changed to a greater degree than that on ice surface. The diurnal variation curves were asymmetrical before and after t  相似文献   

Spatial-temporal variation in soil respiration and its controlling factors in three steppes of Stipa L. in Inner Mongolia, China     

QI YuChun  DONG YunShe  LIU LiXin  LIU XingRen  PENG Qin    XIAO ShengSheng  & HE YaTing 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(5)

Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China. It is of great significance to measure accurately the soil respiration of different grassland types for the contribution evaluation of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem’s carbon emission to the atmospheric CO2 concentration. A three-year (2005-2007) field experiment was carried out on three steppes of Stipa L. in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China, using a static opaque chamber technique. The seasonal and interannual variations of soil respiration rates were analyzed, and the annual total soil respiration of the three steppes was estimated. The numerical models between soil respiration and water-heat factors were established respectively. Similar seasonal dynamic and high annual and interannual variations of soil respiration were found in all of the three steppes. In the growing season, the fluctuation of soil respiration was particularly evident. The coefficients of variation (CVs) for soil respiration in different growing seasons ranged from 54% to 93%, and the annual CVs were all above 115%. The interannual CV of soil respiration progressively decreased in the order of Stipa grandis (S. grandis) steppe Stipa baicalensis (S. baicalensis) steppe Stipa krylovii (S. krylovii) steppe. The annual total soil respiration for the S. baicalensis steppe was 223.62?299.24 gC m-2 a-1, 150.62-226.99 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. grandis steppe, and 111.31–131.55 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. krylovii steppe, which were consistent with the precipitation gradient. The variation in the best fitting temperature factor explained the 63.5%, 73.0%, and 73.2% change in soil respiration in the three steppes at an annual time scale, and the corresponding Q10 values were 2.16, 2.98, and 2.40, respectively. Moreover, the Q10 values that were calculated by soil temperature at different depths all expressed a 10 cm 5 cm surface in the three sampling sites. In the growing season, the soil respiration rates were related mostly to the surface soil moisture, and the 95.2%, 97.4%, and 93.2% variations in soil respiration in the three steppes were explained by the change in soil moisture at a depth of 0-10 cm, respectively.  相似文献   

1961-2007年云南干季干湿气候变化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄中艳 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(2):113-118

从影响自然干湿变化的多种因素出发,基于云南省15个站点1961-2007年干季9项气候要素实测数据,应用因子分析法研究云南干季干湿气候变化特征。提取了表征干季干湿气候变化的3个公共因子,阐明了云南干季干湿气候变化特点和原因。结果显示：1960年代以来5个年代干湿气候变化明显,变化原因各异,总变化趋势是湿度缓降、干旱强度渐强;1960-1980年代都处于中等干旱偏弱态势,进入1990年代后降水时间分布不均和气候变暖导致干季气候持续典型偏干;干季总降水量变化趋势有不确定性,年代际变化明显、变率不大,但其年际变化突出造成干季干湿状况年际波动大。  相似文献   

黄土高原区域尺度土壤干燥化的空间和季节分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

易小波  贾小旭  邵明安  赵春雷 《水科学进展》2017,28(3):373-381

为掌握黄土高原土壤干燥化程度的空间分布特征,定量评价雨季前、后土壤干燥化程度,于2013年在黄土高原南北方向布设一条样带（N=86）,获取雨季前、后0~5 m剖面土壤含水量。采用地统计学方法分析了土壤干燥化指数的空间分布规律及变异特征。结果表明:在黄土高原地区,土壤干燥化程度存在明显的纬度地带性,且雨季前土壤干燥化指数的空间变异程度高于雨季后;经过雨季降水的补给,土壤干层在一定程度上得到修复,且中部地区的修复效果明显优于南部及北部地区;土壤干燥化指数剖面分布特征在雨季前、后的差异主要表现在浅层0~2.3 m土层,这主要归因于降水对浅层土壤水分的补给。  相似文献   

张家口市崇礼的雪季与冬奥会赛期的降雪特征分析     

徐庆喆郑景云  张学珍高西宁 郝志新 《气候变化研究进展》2017,13(3):223-230

利用张家口市崇礼1960-2014年逐日降水和天气现象资料,分析了雪季与冬奥会赛期(2月4-20日)的降雪特征。结果显示：崇礼最早降雪初日为10月13日,最迟降雪终日为4月30日,初、终雪日多年平均为11月2日和4月6日;雪季长度最长和最短分别为190 d和123 d,多年平均为156 d。雪季间最长连续无降雪时段多出现在12月末到1月下旬。冬奥会赛期前的11月上旬降雪日数少,但降雪量较大;此后各旬降雪日数、雪量差异不大。2月4-20日间平均4~5 d出现一次降雪,且主要为中小雪,出现大雪的概率极低。这些结果为冬奥会赛场充分利用降雪资源、制定赛事计划和赛事期间的气象条件预测及预报等保障提供参考依据。  相似文献   

义乌市雨季的人工增雨作业研究     

冯利华  赵贤产  毛樟林  华云峰  朱跃娟  朱持则  张行才  骆高远 《热带地理》2008,28(1):16-20

对浙江省义乌市降水的长期变化趋势和特征进行了分析.指出一条解决该市缺水的有效途径是利用雨季有利的降水天气条件,通过人工增雨作业,将水库蓄满,以备旱季使用.为了在既保证水库蓄满水量、又不致产生暴雨洪水灾害条件下实施人工增雨作业,提出了水库实时蓄水标准的新概念.在水库实时蓄水标准的具体实施过程中,可根据义乌市降水的长期变化趋势和特征,结合中期和短期的天气预报,判断是否需要对近期的天气条件实施人工增雨作业.  相似文献   

辽宁雨季和多雨季标准的划分研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孙欣  陈传雷  卢娟 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(5):62-66

遵循针对性、可靠性、实用性和可操作性的原则,对1951—2005年降水量和副热带高压脊线资料进行了统计分析。结果表明:采用降水量作为雨季划分标准,以副热带高压脊线位置作为多雨季划分标准,可得出辽宁各地雨季、多雨季常年起止时间,历年最早、最晚起止时间,从而使雨季、多雨季得以定时、定量预报,进而为防灾、减灾工作提供气象依据。同时得出,辽宁平均雨季降水量占全年平均降水量的60.8%,95%的区域性暴雨(暴雨站数大于等于3)出现在雨季时段内,雨季日数与雨季期间暴雨次数相关系数为0.97,与雨季期间总降水量相关系数为0.98;较强降水过程、重大洪涝灾害集中在多雨季,多雨季时段内辽宁大范围区域性暴雨(暴雨站数大于等于10)次数占全年总次数的70%。多雨季日数的长短一定程度上决定了大范围区域性暴雨的次数,同时决定了多雨季期间的总降水量。  相似文献