2009年春季诏安湾口海域游泳动物的种类组成和多样性     

刘勇  马超  张澄茂 《台湾海峡》2012,31(4):517-522

根据2009年5月单船底层拖网和定置三重刺网作业调查资料,分析研究了诏安湾口海域春季游泳动物的种类组成、生物密度指数分布及种类多样性等.结果表明：调查海域游泳动物有48种,其中鱼类为26种,占54.2%;甲壳类为16种,占33.3%;头足类为6种,占12.5%.相对重要性指数（IRI）大于500的有4种,分别为多鳞鱚（Sillago sihama）、白姑鱼（Argyrosomus argentatus）、日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）、哈氏仿对虾（Parapenaeopsis hardwickii）;种类丰富度指数范围为1.412～3.419,平均值为2.291;Shannon-wiener多样度指数范围为0.800～2.264,平均值为1.568;种类均匀度指数范围为0.411～0.836,平均值为0.659.总体来看,诏安湾口海域生物量处于较低水平,需要开展增殖放流,通过海洋牧场与人工鱼礁建设,以逐步恢复渔业资源.  相似文献   

桐庐分水江水库浮游植物种类组成和生物多样性特征研究     

徐丽琴  陈建中  顾志敏  杨斌  毛璐琦  谢永宁 《海洋湖沼通报》2012,(1):68-78

从2008年11月到2009年10月,对浙江省桐庐分水江水库的浮游植物进行了调查研究,共鉴定出浮游植物7门47种(属)。通过对浮游植物的种类组成、现存量和多样性指数的综合判定,得出分水江水库春季水质最好,其它季节次之,分水江水库的总体水质为中—富营养型。  相似文献   

Effects of brown fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal on growth performance, feed efficiency and enzyme activities of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis     

Yurong Zou  Qinghui Ai  Kangsen Mai  Wenbing Zhang  Yanjiao Zhang  Wei Xu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(2):227-235

A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.  相似文献   

The inhibitory degree between Skeletonema costatum and dinoflagllate Prorocentrum donghaiense at different concentrations of phosphate and nitrate/phosphate ratios     

Jing Cao  Jiangtao Wang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(2):153-158

Interactions between Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiiense) were inves-tigated using bi-algal cultures at different concentrations of phosphate (PO4-P) and nitrate/phosphate (N/P) ratios. Experiments were conducted under P-limited conditions and the Lotka-Volterra mathematical model was used to simulate the growth of S. costatum and P. donghaiense in the bi-algal cultures. Both of these two species were inhibited significantly in bi-algal culture. The results of the simulation showed that the inhibitory degree of S. costaum by P. donghaiense was high when the concentration of PO4-P was low (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), but that of P. donghaiense by S. costaum was high with increased PO4-P supply (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). At low concen-tration of PO4-P (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), or high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with high N/P ratio (160), the interactions be-tween S. costatum and P. donghaiense were dependent on the initial cell densities of both species. At high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with low N/P ratio (25 or 80), S. costatum exhibited a survival strategy superior to that of P. donghaiense. The de-gree of inhibition of P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio when the medium was supplemented with con-centration 0.1μmolL-1/2 d of PO4-P. The degree of inhibition to P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio at low concentration of PO4-P (0.1 μmolL-1/2 d). This trend was conversed at high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). However, the degree of inhibition of S. costaum by P. donghaiense increased with the increased N/P ratio at different PO4-P concentrations (0.1μmolL-1/2 d and 0.6μmolL-1/2 d). These results suggested that both phosphate concentration and N/P ratio affected the competition between S. costaum and P. donghaiense: P. donghaiense is more competitive in environments with low phosphate or high N/P ratio and the influence of N/P ratio on the competition was more significant with lower phosphate concentration.  相似文献   

植物护理效应研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨龙  刘楠  王俊 《热带地理》2012,32(3):321-330

植物护理效应是指护理植物在其自身冠幅下辅助目标植物生长发育的现象.近年来,植物护理效应被应用于世界范围内多数的退化生态系统的修复与重建.文章综述了当前植物护理效应的主流研究内容主要为护理植物的确定、影响其效应的因素、形成其效应的原因与机理以及护理、竞争及胁迫梯度假说,归纳了样方调查、种子萌发实验、幼苗栽植实验等研究方法,总结了其与生态位、系统发育、全球变化等相关生态学概念的关系,指出未来对植物护理效应的研究不应仅仅局限于中观尺度上,在微观尺度上(目标植物对护理效应的生态适应性的激素效应与分子机制)和宏观尺  相似文献   

First report of the genus Lysippe Malmgren, 1866 (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from Chinese waters   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

隋吉星  李新正 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(4):846-849

The ampharetid genus Lysippe Malmgren, 1866 is reported for the first time from Chinese waters. The identification was based on material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Qingdao). A new species, Lysippe trichobranchia sp. nov. is described. The new species is widely distributed in shallow waters of the Bohai Gulf, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea at depths of 10-40 m.  相似文献   

A new record of Cleantioides emarginata Kwon & Kim, 1992 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Valvifera) from Changjiang River estuary, China     

刘文亮 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(3):625-631

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Vegetation and Community Changes of Elm （Ulmuspumila） Woodlands in Northeastern China in 1983-2011     

Li Liu  He Wang  Changcun Lin  Deli Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(3):321-330

Elm (Ulmus pumila), widely distributed in the north temperate zone, contributes to a special savanna-like woodland in typical grassland region in the northeastern China. This woodland performs a variety of ecological functions and environmental significance, such as decreasing soil erosion, stabilizing sand dunes, preserving species diversity. However, in the last approximate 30 years, the species composition, productivity and distribution area of elm woodland has decreased severely. A series of studies have been carried out to find out whether the climate changes or human disturbances caused the degradation of elm woodland and how these factors affected elm woodland. In this study, undisturbed, plowing and grazing elm woodland were investigated in 1983 and 2011 by using Point-Centered Quarter method. The relationship between vegetation changes and environmental factors was analyzed by Bray-Curtis ordination. The results show that in 2011, species diversity and understory productivity of undisturbed elm woodland decrease slightly compared to those of undisturbed elm woodland in 1983. However, nearly 60% of the species is lost in the plowing and grazing elm woodland relative to the species undisturbed elm woodland in 1983. Interestingly, plowing stimulates the growth of elm and certain understory species through furrowing soil and accelerating soil nutrient turnover rate. Grazing disturbance not only leads to species loss and productivity decrease, but also induces changes in elm growth (small, short and twisted). The mean age of the elm was 29 ± 2 yr in undisturbed and plowing elm woodland, while only 15 yr in the grazing elm woodland. The results of Bray-Curtis ordination analysis show that all sample stands clustered to three groups: Group I including the undisturbed sample stands of 83UE (undisturbed elm woodland in 1983) and 11UE (undisturbed elm woodland in 2011); Group II including sample stands of PE (elm woodland disturbed by plowing); Group III including samples stands of GE (elm woodland disturbed by grazing). The results indicate that the long time disturbance of the plowing and grazing have converted elm woodland to different community types. Climate change is not the primary reason causing the degradation of elm woodland, but plowing and grazing disturbance. Both plowing and grazing decrease the vegetation composition and species diversity. Grazing further decreases vegetation productivity and inhibits the growth of elm tree. Therefore, we suggest that reasonable plowing and exclusive grazing would be favorable for future regeneration of degraded elm woodland.  相似文献   

Composition and distribution of diatom assemblages in the surface sediments of the Bering Sea     

SHAO Lixia  LIN Rongcheng  GAO Yahui  HUANG Dingyong 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(3):167-174

Diatoms collected from the top 1 cm of the surface sediment layer at seven Bering Sea stations during the Fourth Chi- nese National Arctic Research Expedition （4th CH1NARE-Arctic） in 2010 were studied. In total, 101 taxa belonging to 38 genera were found. The species were divided into four groups： eurythermal species, boreal-temperate species, polar species, and sea-ice species. The diatom assemblages at the stations in the southwestern basin area were primarily composed of boreal-temperate species, such as Neodenticula seminae, Thalassiosira trifulta, Rhizosolenia hebetata f. hiemalis, and Actinocyclus curvatulus. The northeastern shelf stations were dominated by polar species, including Fragilariopsis oceanica, Thalassiosira antarctica spora, Thalassiosira nordensldoeldii, and Thalassiosira hyalina. The overall abundance was highest at the basin stations with 3.7 ×10^6 cells·g^-1 of wet sediment, whereas the eastern shelf stations had the lowest abundance of 0.7×10^6 cells·g^-1 of wet sediment （excluding the resting spores of Chaetoceros spp.）. The relationship between the distribution of the surface sediment diatom assemblages and the environment is discussed.  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠植被与环境关系分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

钱亦兵  吴兆宁  赵锐锋  张立运 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(4):400-414

The Gurbantunggut Desert is the largest stable and semi-stable sand desert in China, yet few data exist on vegetation pattern and species-environment relationships for these diverse desert landscapes. The sand dunes of the survey area are mainly of the longi- tudinal form from north to south, but checkerboard-shaped and honeycomb-shaped forms are also present, with the height of 10-50 m. We measured vegetation and soil data on north-south transects and compared them with vegetation and soil data on east-west transects. Analysis revealed that the varying trend and strength of the species diversity, dominance and cover of the plant communities in the longitudinal and transverse directions across the landscape are significantly different. The results of CCA ordination show that the microhabitats of soil organic matter （OM）, soil salts （TS）, sorting index （ σ ）, topsoil water-content （SM） and pH relate to the differences in vegetation observed as differences in species assemblage from salt-intolerant ephemerals, micro-subshrubs and subshrubs to salt-tolerant shrubs and micro-arbors. The terrain （alt.） and soil texture （the contents of Mz and Ф 1） affect the spatial differentiation of many species. However, this spatial differentiation is not so marked on transects running longitudinally with the landscape, in the same direction as the dunes. The species of the desert vegetation have formed three assemblages under the action of habitat gradients, relating to three sections running transversely across the landscape, at right angles to the direction of the dune crests. In the mid-east section of the study area the topography is higher, with sand-lands or dune-slopes with coarse particles. Here the dominant vegetation comprises shrubs and subshrubs of Seriphidium santofium and Ephedra distachya, with large numbers of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants of Senecio subdentatus, and Carex physodes in spring and summer. On the soil of the dune-slopes in the mid-west of the study area, with coarse partic  相似文献