地面三维激光扫描点云拼接影响因素分析   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

徐辛超  徐爱功  于丹 《测绘通报》2017,(2):14-18

在地面三维激光扫描仪进行三维建模过程中,需要对不同测站的点云进行拼接。为了提高不同测站点云拼接精度,本文开展了球形标靶表面扫描点数量、标靶的分布和数量及扫描距离4个因素对三维激光扫描仪不同测站下点云拼接精度的影响研究。采用法如（FOCUS）三维激光扫描仪开展了不同扫描分辨率、不同标靶数量、不同标靶分布和不同距离下的点云拼接试验,并采用SENCE软件对点云进行了拼接精度分析。试验结果表明,选择两测站的标靶表面的扫描点数量大致相等,并将4个标靶作为连接点,且放置在不同高度不规则排列时,点云拼接的精度最优。  相似文献   

附加GIM约束的全球电离层建模     

刘磊  姚宜斌  孔建  翟长治 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(1):67-71

针对目前地基GNSS台站在全球分布不均匀,导致南半球海洋和中高纬地区出现与实际不符的VTEC为负值的问题,利用IGS前1 d的最终GIM作为虚拟观测值对TEC可能为负值的地区进行约束,结合GNSS数据建立全球电离层模型(称为SGG模型),并用2014年200多个IGS台站数据对模型进行验证。结果表明,各台站VTEC的RMS优于3 TECu(赤道异常区域RMS在5~7 TECu)。同时SGG能有效消除南半球海洋(40°~90°S)VTEC为负的情况,且对原有非负VTEC几乎没有影响(其变化小于2 TECu)。SGG的卫星DCB与CODE 相比,RMS和MEAN分别优于0.2 ns和0.04 ns,不同纬度带SGG与CODE的接收机DCB估值变化基本一致,两者之差基本在1 ns以内。  相似文献   

基于粘弹性球体地球模型的震后位移与重力变化计算软件     

付广裕  刘泰 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(7):661-667

在考虑地球曲率、成层结构、可压缩性与自重的前提下,Tanaka等［1-2］提出一套较为完备的粘弹性球体位错理论,可计算全球任意位置由地震产生的同震与震后形变（含位移、重力变化、大地水准面变化）。Gao等［3］给出了与上述理论相匹配、界面友好的计算软件,能计算30个震后时间点对应的震后形变。本研究针对Gao等的软件进行改进,可计算震后任意时间点对应的震后形变。新软件由3个部分组成：1）与32个震后时间点相对应的32套离散格林函数数值框架;2）格林函数插值计算程序,可针对上述32套格林函数数值框架进行插值运算,输出任意震后时间点对应的格林函数数值结果;3）积分计算程序,调用上述格林函数数值结果,计算任意类型地震在地表任意位置产生的同震与震后形变。一般情况下,使用者只需按要求准备辅助文件,提供发震断层模型和观测站位置信息,以及震中周围地区地幔粘滞性因子,先后运行格林函数插值计算程序和积分计算程序,即可计算出目标地震在地表任意位置产生的同震与震后形变。本文基于粘弹球体位错理论与弹性球体位错理论,分别计算2011年日本MW9.0地震引起的远场同震位移,2套结果的高度一致性证明了新程序的正确性。最后,介绍需要注意的若干事项,便于使用者掌握该软件。  相似文献   

�����������ƽ�������쳣��������г����     

翟振和  孙中苗 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(2):137-140

??????г????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5????????????????г?????????????Stokes?????????￡????????????????????????г????????????????????????????????????????????  相似文献   

Application of a finite element model to the computation of tides in the Mersey Estuary and Eastern Irish Sea     

J. Eric Jones  Alan M. Davies 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

A variable mesh finite element model of the Irish and Celtic Sea regions with/without the inclusion of the Mersey estuary is used to examine the influence of grid resolution and the Mersey upon the higher harmonics of the tide in the region. Comparisons are made with observations and published results from finite difference models of the area. Although including a high resolution representation of the Mersey had little effect upon computed tides in the western Irish Sea it had a significant effect upon tidal currents in the eastern Irish Sea. In addition the higher harmonics of the M₂ tide in near-shore regions of the eastern Irish Sea particularly the Solway and Mersey estuary together with Morecambe Bay showed significant small scale variability. The Mersey was used to test the sensitivity to including estuaries because high resolution accurate topography was available. The results presented here suggest that comparable detailed topographic data sets are required in all estuaries and near-shore regions. In addition comparisons clearly show the need for an unstructured grid model of the region that can include all the estuaries. Such an unstructured grid solution was developed here within a finite element approach, although other methods in particular the finite volume, or coordinate transformations/curvilinear grids and nesting could be applied.  相似文献   

非轴对称位移边界下球孔扩张挤土位移弹性解答     

饶平平  崔纪飞  赵琳学  廖志坚 《岩土力学》2016,37(4):991-997

以现有半无限土体中球孔扩张挤土位移的解答为基础,分别对水平地表和非轴对称斜边两个位移边界进行应力修正,运用坐标转换法和叠加法的原理,改进现有的分析方法,得到较为简化的非轴对称位移边界下扩孔问题的解答,并对非轴对称斜边倾角以及球孔离斜边距离等因素对挤土位移的影响进行了分析。结果表明：倾斜边界条件的存在对球孔两侧的挤土位移有明显影响,且随着非轴对称边界倾角的增大,靠近倾斜边界侧的挤土位移也随之增大;球孔距自由边界的距离越大,自由边界对挤土位移的影响也越小。该解答对非轴对称边界条件下的静压沉桩以及相关扩孔问题的设计和施工具有一定的指导意义和实用价值。  相似文献   

基于能量耗散的球孔扩张理论解答     

晁明颂  高盟  张继严  陈青生 《岩土力学》2016,37(7):1986-1993

以空间准滑动面（SMP）准则为基础,推导了扩底桩扩孔压力的理论解。从能量耗散的角度分析球孔扩张的全过程,利用应力不变量推导了符合球孔扩张的屈服准则;化简微分方程得到了弹塑性区应力表达式,进而求出位移、应变表达式;分别利用体积守恒和能量守恒性推导出扩孔压力的表达式。该法考虑了塑性区弹性变形,并得到了扩孔压力p、塑性区半径R与扩孔半径a的关系。算例分析表明,该方法计算的扩孔压力与现场试验得出的结果较好地吻合,塑性区半径和扩孔压力均随扩孔半径的增加而增大,但增幅逐渐减小而趋于稳定值,剪胀角对塑性区半径和扩孔压力影响显著,随着剪胀角的增加,塑性区半径和扩孔压力明显增加。  相似文献   

Recent progress in estimating uncertainty in geomagnetic field modeling     

R. A. Langel 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):37-88

Abstract

Recent work pertaining to estimating error and accuracies in geomagnetic field modeling is reviewed from a unified viewpoint and illustrated with examples. The formulation of a finite dimensional approximation to the underlying infinite dimensional problem is developed. Central to the formulation is an inner product and norm in the solution space through which a priori information can be brought to bear on the problem. Such information is crucial to estimation of the effects of higher degree fields at the Core-Mantle boundary (CMB) because the behavior of higher degree fields is masked in our measurements by the presence of the field from the Earth's crust. Contributions to the errors in predicting geophysical quantities based on the approximate model are separated into three categories: (1) the usual error from the measurement noise; (2) the error from unmodeled fields, i.e. from sources in the crust, ionosphere, etc.; and (3) the error from truncating to a finite dimensioned solution and prediction space. The combination of the first two is termed low degree error while the third is referred to as truncation error.

The error analysis problem consists of “characterizing” the difference δz = z—z, where z is some quantity depending on the magnetic field and z is the estimate of z resulting from our model. Two approaches are discussed. The method of Confidence Set Inference (CSI) seeks to find an upper bound for |z—?|. Statistical methods, i.e. Bayesian or Stochastic Estimation, seek to estimate E(δz² ), where E is the expectation value. Estimation of both the truncation error and low degree error is discussed for both approaches. Expressions are found for an upper bound for |δz| and for E(δz² ). Of particular interest is the computation of the radial field, B., at the CMB for which error estimates are made as examples of the methods. Estimated accuracies of the Gauss coefficients are given for the various methods. In general, the lowest error estimates result when the greatest amount of a priori information is available and, indeed, the estimates for truncation error are completely dependent upon the nature of the a priori information assumed. For the most conservative approach, the error in computing point values of B_r at the CMB is unbounded and one must be content with, e.g., averages over some large area. The various assumptions about a priori information are reviewed. Work is needed to extend and develop this information. In particular, information regarding the truncated fields is needed to determine if the pessimistic bounds presently available are realistic or if there is a real physical basis for lower error estimates. Characterization of crustal fields for degree greater than 50 is needed as is more rigorous characterization of the external fields.  相似文献   

一种新的全球海量地形实时绘制算法     

汪荣峰  廖学军 《测绘科学》2013,38(1):130-132

本文为实现全球海量地形数据的实时可视化,提出了一种新算法。算法不使用几何数据而是利用球面特征进行地形多分辨率模型初建,然后基于视锥与节点关系对初建结果进行扩展来得到完整的地形网格。此外设计了能消除具有复杂邻接关系的节点间裂缝的拼接方式,构造了简洁的方法消除GPU32位浮点精度导致的"wob-bling"现象。实现的算法在普通微机上平均漫游速度达每秒95帧以上。  相似文献   

节点刚度对单层柱面网壳地震响应及内力的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛素铎  王宁  李雄彦  梁劲 《世界地震工程》2011,27(3)

论文首先采用壳单元Shell163建立了单层柱面网壳模型,同时利用壳单元模拟了焊接空心球节点,并通过计算验证了模拟方法的合理性。然后,通过调节空心球节点的厚度,考察了节点刚度变化对单层柱面网壳地震响应的影响,分析结果表明,在强震作用下节点刚度变化对网壳节点响应与杆件内力的影响均较大,建议在进行此类结构的动力分析时考虑节点刚度的影响。  相似文献