Secondary Calcification of Planktic Foraminifera from the Indian Sector of Southern Ocean     

Rahul MOHAN  Suhas S. SHETYE  Manish TIWARI  Narayanpillai ANILKUMAR 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):27-37

This study focused on planktic foraminifera in plankton tows and surface sediments from the western Indian sector of Southern Ocean in order to evaluate the potential foraminiferal secondary calcification and/or dissolution in the sediment. It is found that the symbiotic foraminiferal species are abundant in the subtropical region, whereas non-symbiotic species dominate in the sub-Antarctic and polar frontal regions. The distribution of the symbiotic and non-symbiotic foraminiferal species is controlled by temperature, salinity, light, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. There is also a lateral southern extent in abundance of planktic foraminifera from surface sediments to plankton tows. The shell weights of the planktic foraminifera N. pachyderma, G. bulloides and G. ruber within the surface sediments are on an average heavier by 27%, 34% and 40% respectively than shells of the same size within the plankton tows, indicative of secondary calcification. The planktic foraminiferal isotopes show the presence of heavier isotopes in the surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, thus confirming secondary calcification. Secondary calcification in G. ruber occurs in the euphotic zone, whereas in case of N. pachyderma and G. bulloides it is at deeper depths. We also observed a decrease in the shell spines in surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, indicative of the morphological changes that foraminifera underwent during gametogenesis.  相似文献   

老挝龙湖钾盐矿床沉积碳酸盐碳、氧同位素组成及其对成钾环境的初步指示     

韩元红  马海州  张西营  王琪  罗厚勇  李建森  廖朋  朱军 《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(2)

碳、氧同位素作为反映古沉积环境、成矿物源和水–岩反应等良好的稳定同位素指标,被广泛应用。通过对老挝龙湖钾盐矿区ZK309、ZK301、ZK311和ZK004四个钻孔农波组盐岩上覆泥岩碳、氧同位素组成的分析,讨论了盐岩上覆泥岩沉积的碳、氧同位素组成变化特征及其指示的沉积环境。经分析,所测碳、氧同位素基本代表了碳酸盐碳、氧同位素组成,初步推测这些碳酸盐均为当地自生,受后期改变很少,δ13C和δ18O平均值分别为-5.1‰和-4.6‰,其中δ13C值略高于一般陆相碳酸盐碳同位素最大值–5.69‰,δ18O值介于–2.71‰~–10.8‰之间,ZK309和ZK301钻孔碳、氧同位素相关系数均小于0.7,初步指示盐岩沉积之后沉积环境为陆相。δ13C值略高于–5.69‰,推测是后期盐岩层被淋滤,泥岩层受淋滤后的残余卤水影响的结果,这也解释了蒸发岩沉积层序异常(钾石盐覆盖于光卤石之上)的沉积特征。因此,在本研究中,大气水在泥岩碳、氧同位素的变化中扮演了重要角色。  相似文献   

浙中后山店花岗斑岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、锆石Hf同位素及其地质意义     

王对兴  李春麟  高万里  王宗秀  朱骥 《矿物岩石》2015,35(1)

针对浙中地区后山店花岗斑岩体进行高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和锆石Lu-Hf同位素的测定。测年结果显示其加权平均年龄值为148.5 Ma±1.2 Ma(MSWD=1.4),说明浙中地区有晚侏罗世侵入岩的存在,属于燕山早期晚阶段岩浆活动的产物,其成岩时代可能代表了古太平洋构造域下的板内岩浆活动和陆缘弧间的过渡阶段。锆石的εHf(t)值为-10.3~-3.5,均为负值,二阶段模式年龄tHf2(Ma)变化范围主要集中于1 400 Ma~1 829 Ma之间,反映其物质来源可能为中元古代下地壳基底物质,并在成岩过程中有幔源组分的参与。  相似文献   

南海北部天然气水合物远景区末次冰期以来底栖有孔虫稳定同位素特征及其影响因素     

庄畅  陈芳  程思海  陆红锋  周洋  刘广虎 《第四纪研究》2015,35(2)

底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏移是地质记录中天然气水合物释放的重要证据之一.对南海北部西沙海槽和东沙陆坡等天然气水合物远景区XH-27PC和DS-4PC柱状样分别进行顶空气甲烷含量分析、有机碳含量分析、粒度分析和有孔虫氧碳同位素分析.结合碳酸盐含量及AMS 14C测年,揭示研究区末次冰期以来底栖有孔虫的稳定同位素特征.结果显示:西沙海槽BSR区沉积物中甲烷含量较低;底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏不明显,与顶空气甲烷含量呈弱正相关(R=0.32),与有机碳含量有强负相关(R=-0.82),说明低通量甲烷不足以引起底栖有孔虫碳同位素显著偏移,在无甲烷或甲烷轻微渗漏的环境中有机碳的厌氧氧化是影响底栖有孔虫碳同位素组成的主要因素.东沙陆坡BSR区沉积物中含有大量的甲烷气体;底栖有孔虫氧同位素记录在末次冰期异常偏重,可能与天然气水合物的分解释放有关;同时可识别出多期碳同位素快速负偏事件,其成因很可能是末次冰期海平面下降导致海底沉积物的温度、压力条件发生变化,从而引发水合物甲烷失稳分解,底栖有孔虫吸收富12C的甲烷源碳致使壳体碳同位素负偏移.  相似文献   

晚中新世-上新世黄土高原佳县红粘土剖面碳同位素记录与C4植被演化     

何同  刘连文  陈旸  强小科  季峻峰 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

新生代C4植被开始扩张的年代、过程和驱动机制是全球古气候变化研究的焦点问题.中国黄土高原的黄土-红粘土剖面保存了连续的古生态演化记录,是研究这一关键科学问题的理想载体.本文选择黄土高原北部佳县厚达64m的红粘土剖面(8.2～2.7Ma),对190个层位的次生方解石矿物进行了无机碳同位素测试,由此分析了晚中新世-上新世末的C4植被扩张和演化过程.C4植被持续增长与全球冰盖的扩张基本一致,表明气候变冷很可能导致了黄土高原区域气候的干旱化与降雨季节性的增强.C4植被的扩张存在明显的3个阶段,分别以6.6Ma和3.6Ma为界限,每一次扩张增加10％左右,暗示了全球性的构造事件对黄土高原植被演化的控制.此外,佳县红粘土剖面呈现10次持续时间为10 ～ 20万年的碳同位素正漂移事件,平均每40万年发生一次,说明40万年轨道周期也控制着C4植被的演化.  相似文献   

黄土高原西部地区黄土地层有机质主要来源分析*     

饶志国  郭文康  薛骞  陈发虎 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

黄土有机质的主要来源是决定其稳定碳同位素(δ13Corg.)能否应用于重建过去C3/C4相对丰度变化及相应的古气候变化的关键基础科学问题.如若黄土地层当中的有机质主要由粉尘携带而来,而非当地植被,显然其δ13Corg.不是一个局地植被过去C3/C4相对丰度变化及古气候变化的良好指示器.本文对黄土高原西部地区(六盘山以西)新获得和已发表的相关数据进行综合分析,尝试对该地区黄土有机质的主要来源进行定量的分析.结果表明,总体而言,该地区黄土地层有机质主要来源于当地植被,由粉尘携带而来的有机质贡献量不超过8％,所造成的有机碳同位素变化幅度不超过1.7‰.这些结果说明该地区的黄土地层有机质δ13Corg.是可以用来重建过去C3/C4植物相对丰度及相应的古气候变化的.为了更精确的重建,后续的工作应当更多考虑粉尘搬运过程当中的有机质输入以及粉尘沉积之后的微生物活动的可能潜在影响.  相似文献   

30ka以来南海东北部陆坡坡底沉积有机质的长链正构烷烃特征及其古植被意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨楚鹏  刘芳  常晓红  廖泽文  胡建芳  李顺  李学杰  姚永坚 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

为探寻南海深海平原区的有机质组成特征、来源及其所反映的古气候/环境演化信息,对南海东北部深水区的ZSQD289沉积柱状样品进行了正构烷烃组成及其单体稳定碳同位素的相关分析,结合孢粉鉴定结果,重点探讨该沉积区末次冰期以来陆源输入变化、源区的古植被演化及其气候响应因素.结果表明:30ka以来,南海东北部深海陆坡坡底的沉积有机质以洋/陆混源为特征,且以海洋自生生产力贡献为主,其生源贡献存在明显的冰期/间冰期旋回变化特征,冰期时陆源有机质输入明显高于全新世间冰期;其陆源有机质应该主要由台湾南部河流输入,在低海平面时通过海底峡谷搬运至此,其过程中可能受到西太平洋底流和黑潮的影响.该沉积源区植被演化经历了C3/C4植物互为消长的变化过程,但30ka以来主要还是以C3植物占优势,由此推测末次冰期以来源区(台湾岛南部)不存在明显的干旱化,冰期虽然温度较低但气候比较湿润.  相似文献   

东北地区五大连池湖相沉积物正构烷烃和单体碳同位素特征及其古植被意义     

汪亘  王永莉  孟培  王自翔  孙则朋  杨辉  巩俊成  张虹  吴应琴 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

对中国东北地区小兴安岭与松嫩平原过渡带五大连池青石钻孔湖相沉积物进行了有机地球化学分析,检测出丰富的正构烷烃生物标志化合物.本文主要讨论了正构烷烃的分布及其单体碳同位素组成特征.正构烷烃具有前峰型和双峰型两种分布特征,表明其有机质为混合来源,包括低等菌藻类生物和陆生高等植物输入.正构烷烃的分布特征表明,自35.2ka B.P.以来,nC27/nC31和ACL指标共同记录了东北地区小兴安岭与松嫩平原过渡带的植被以草本为主.对C27、C29和C31长链正构烷烃进行了单体碳同位素测定,并利用二元模式估算了C3和C4植物相对生物量,结果表明,自35.2ka B.P.以来,研究区的植被以C3植物为主.期间在典型冷暖气候事件中,受温度变化的影响,C3/C4植物的相对生物量有明显的变化,在全新世大暖期(6.0ka B.P.),受温度升高影响,C3植物的生物量显著减少,C4植物的生物量则明显增加;而在两次典型冷气候事件(中全新世降温事件8.2ka B.P.和新仙女木事件12.9ka B.P.)时期,受温度降低影响,C3植物的生物量有增加的趋势,C4植物的生物量则相对呈减少的趋势;在末次冰盛期21.0ka B.P.时,受明显低温特征的影响,C3植物生物量高达80.0％,这可能是当时低温的气候特征抑制了C4植物的生长.研究结果对探索我国东北地区C3/C4植物分布格局,并为评估未来气候演化对该地区植被格局和农业生产的影响提供科学依据.  相似文献   

全球海洋人为碳储量估算及时空分布研究进展     

Huang Peng  Chen Liqi  Cai Minggang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(8):952-959

海洋是全球最大的碳汇,确定海洋中人为碳含量及其时空变化是一件具有挑战性的工作。就当前海洋人为碳含量确定方法、人为碳储量及其随时间变化进行综述总结。研究表明海洋仍然可以吸收并储藏大量的人为碳,但未来对于海洋吸收储藏人为碳的研究仍具有诸多不确定性。已有证据表明稳态海洋的概念不完全正确,需要在非稳态条件下重新定义人为碳并开展研究。同时需要积累更多的观测数据,采用包括观测和模式模拟等手段来研究不同时间尺度的人为碳的吸收和储藏过程。  相似文献   

The Paleoceanography during the Time with High δ13C of Phanerozoic marine carbonates     

Huang Sijing  Li Xiaoning  Wu Wenhui  Zhang Meng  Hu Zuowei  Liu Sibing  Huang Keke  Zhong Yijiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1185-1197

Carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates is a record for various important geological events in the process of earth development and evolution. The carbonates of Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic, as the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic-Cenozoic have very high ¹³C value. Taking this as the main point, and combined with the oxygen, strontium isotopic composition in carbonates, distribution of carbonate basin area through geologic time, the correlation of carbon isotopic composition of marine carbonates to sea level change, organic carbon burial flux, exchange of CO₂ content in atmosphere and ocean, and long cycle evolution of the earth ecosystems were approached. The results are shown as follows: ①The interval of ¹³C >3‰ during Phanerozoic was concentrated in Carboniferous, Permian and the beginning of Triassic, but the beginning of Triassic was characterized by higher frequency and larger fluctuations in ¹³C value during a short time, whereas the Carboniferous-Permian presented a continuously stable high ¹³C value, indicating a larger amount of organic carbon accumulation in this time interval. Relatively high ¹⁸O values during this time was also observed, showing a long time of glaciations and cold climate, which suggest a connection among rapid organic carbon burial, cold climate, as well as pCO₂ and pO₂ states of atmosphere. ②The over consumption of atmosphere CO₂ by green plants during the time with high ¹³C of seawater forced CO₂ being transferred from ocean to atmosphere for the balance, but the decrease in the seawater amount and water column pressure caused by the global cooling could weaken dissolution capacity of CO₂ in seawater and carbon storage of marine carbonates, and also reduce the carbonate sedimentary rate and decrease the carbonate basin area globally from Devonian to Carboniferous and Permian. During the middle-late Permian carbonate was widely replaced by siliceous sediments even though in shallow carbonate platform, which resulted in the decrease of marine invertebrates, suggesting the Permian chert event should be global. ③The Phanerozoic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr trend of seawater showed a sharp fall in Permian and drop to a minimum at the end of the Permian, indicting input of strontium from the submarine hydrothermal systems (mantle flux). Such process should accompany with a supplement of CO₂ from deep earth to atmosphere and ocean system, but the process associated with widespread volcanism and rises of earth’s surface temperature pricked up the mass extinction during the time of end Permian. ④Cold climate and increase of continental icecap volume, the amalgamation of northern Africa and Laurentia continentals were the main reasons responsible for the sea level drop, but the water consumption result from the significantly increased accumulation of organic carbon should also be one of the reasons for the sea level drop on the order of tens of meters. ⑤The mass extinction at the end Permian was an inevitable event in the process of earth system adjustment. It was difficult for marine invertebrates to survive because of the continuously rapid burial of organic carbon, and of the decrease of sea water amount and its dissolution ability to CO₂. At last, at the end of Paleozoic, the supplement of CO₂ to atmosphere and ocean by widely magma activities resulted in a high temperature of earth surface and intensified mass extinction.  相似文献