Are peatlands cool humid islands in a landscape?     

Fred Worrall  Ian M. Boothroyd  Nicholas J. K. Howden  Tim P. Burt  Tim Kohler  Ruth Gregg 《水文研究》2020,34(25):5013-5025

This study proposed that due to their high standing water tables that peatlands would be cold humid islands within their landscape, and especially so relative to farmland on mineral soils. To test this hypothesis, we measured air temperature and humidity at 17 locations along a 7.8 km transect across the UK's largest lowland raised bog from February 2018 to January 2019. Air temperature and humidity were measured hourly for 1 year and supported with spot albedo measurements. The study represented a factorial experiment with respect to sites of measurement, the type of land use (peat vs. arable land) and time of sampling over both the seasonal and diurnal cycles. We show that: (a) That although mean annual temperature was not significantly different between arable and peatlands, the arable land showed a decreased amplitude to its seasonal cycle – this is the reverse of the expected pattern. (b) The albedo of the peatland was significantly lower than that of arable land showing that vegetated peatland still absorbed more solar radiation. (c) The specific humidity was lower on the peatland than on the surrounding arable land. The study showed that while shrubby vegetation exists over a peatland then energy budgets are more likely to be dominated by the lower aerodynamic resistance and lower albedo of the vegetated peatland relative to arable land. Thus, shrub-dominated peatlands will not be a cold humid island in their landscape.  相似文献   

Weighting the impacts to stream water quality in small basins devoted to forage crops,dairy and beef cow production     

《Limnologica》2017

Livestock for beef and milk production are important economic activities worldwide. These require intensive cultures of pastures and forages, with the consequent impacts on water quality in downstream rivers and reservoirs. Monthly temporal variation of nutrients and water quality were assessed along one year at basin scale (basin area <3500 ha). Several indicators of farming intensity (number of dairy cows and beef cows, percentage of area devoted to crops) and management practices (effluent treatment, fertilizer application) were related to the export of nutrients and sediments from the basins and with the water quality of receiving streams using partial least square regression analysis (PLS). According to PLS analysis, the most relevant variables to explain water quality degradation and high export coefficients of nutrients and sediments, were the percentage of basin area dedicated to crop activities and the density of dairy cows without effluent treatment. Beef and dairy cows had an important local impact on stream water without animal access restrictions. We also propose some hypotheses regarding the transport pathways of sediments and nutrients to streams. Our results demonstrate the urgent need to implement best management practices at the farm scale within each basin, focusing on: adequate phosphorus fertilization, implementation of a complete dairy effluent treatment system and animal restriction to fluvial channels.  相似文献   

应用Sentinel-2A NDVI时间序列和面向对象决策树方法的农作物分类     

杜保佳  张晶  王宗明  毛德华  张淼  吴炳方 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(5):740-751

农作物种植结构是农业生产活动对土地利用的表现形式。及时精确地获取农作物的空间分布信息对指导农业生产、合理分配资源以及解决粮食安全问题等具有重要意义。目前农作物信息提取研究大多局限于中低分辨率遥感影像的NDVI时间序列,影响了作物空间分布信息提取的准确性。随着Sentinel-2A卫星成功发射,为高分辨率NDVI时间序列的构建提供了可能。本文以黑龙江省北安市为研究区,基于覆盖完整生育期的Sentinel-2A多光谱数据,构建10 m分辨率的NDVI时间序列数据集,利用 Savitzky Golay (S-G) 滤波器对 Sentinel-2A NDVI时间序列数据进行平滑。基于典型时相的多光谱数据和NDVI时间序列构建面向对象决策树分类模型进行作物类型遥感识别。通过对样本的NDVI时间序列曲线分析,可以得出NDVI时间序列能够清晰地区分作物物候差异。此外,本文还利用面向对象分类和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）分类两种方法,对典型时相的多光谱数据进行了作物分类对比实验,并对结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：① 典型时相多光谱数据引入平滑重构后的NDVI时间序列能够更好地描述作物的物候特性,能够准确刻画研究区作物发育情况,有效区分各类作物;② 通过对比分类实验发现,典型时相多光谱数据引入NDVI时间序列特征,增强了不同作物之间的光谱差异,提高了作物分类精度,总体精度和kappa系数较典型时相多光谱数据进行分类的结果分别提高了7.7% 和0.055;③ 基于面向对象的决策树分类模型在作物分类的结果中精度最高,总体精度为96.2%,kappa系数为0.892。本研究的方法为其他大区域农作物的分类提供了重要参考和借鉴价值。  相似文献   

中国绿洲喜温作物气候生长期对全球变暖停滞响应的时空差异          下载免费PDF全文

司文洋  张明军  刘普幸 《干旱区地理》2020,43(4):899-908

基于中国绿洲喜温作物分布区67个地面气象站1960—2016年逐日平均气温数据,运用线性趋势法、反距离加权（IDW）、Morlet小波分析法、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,分析了中国绿洲喜温作物气候生长期生长初、终日及生长期的时空变化对全球变暖停滞（globe warming hiatus）的响应。结果表明：1998—2012年中国绿洲喜温作物气候生长期生长初、终日及生长期变化倾向率分别为：-2.15 d·（10 a）^–1、2.76 d·（10 a）^–1、4.91 d·（10 a）^–1,与1960—2016年和1960—1998年相比呈现出初日提前、终日推迟、生长期延长的态势,没有出现对全球变暖停滞的响应;空间变化方面,仅有超过22%的站点有对全球变暖停滞的响应,整体响应不显著;但各绿洲对全球变暖停滞的响应却不尽相同,柴达木绿洲喜温作物气候生长期对全球变暖停滞的响应最为显著,其余绿洲则反之,也反映了青藏高原是气候变化的驱动器与放大镜。突变分析显示,研究区喜温作物生长初日、终日及生长期分别在2008年、2001年、2006年发生突变,突变年份多集中于变暖停滞期,之后的变化趋势显示对全球变暖停滞没有响应。Morlet小波分析表明其周期存在2.4~3.8 a的优势短周期,与2~4 a大气环流和厄尔尼诺事件2~7 a的周期相吻合,表明喜温作物气候生长期主要受大气环流与厄尔尼诺活动的影响。  相似文献   

不同耕作类型下土壤-农作物系统中汞、砷含量与生态健康风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

朱丹尼  邹胜章  周长松  卢海平  谢浩 《中国地质》2021,48(3):708-720

针对废弃矿山遗留生态环境问题,选择贵州丹寨废弃金汞矿为研究区,基于野外系统样品采集,通过原子荧光法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析了区内土壤和农作物中的汞(Hg)、砷(As)浓度,采用单指标污染标准指数法、单因子污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和目标危险系数法评价了区内Hg、As污染程度及生态健康风险.结果显示:旱地土壤Hg...  相似文献   

渭河谷地地下水位变化与作物需水关系     

蒲金涌  欧阳勇 《干旱气象》1995,(1)

根据天水农试站１９８３—１９９２年地下水位观测资料，分析得出了当地地下水位的变化规律和地下水对土壤水分变化的影响，并根据当地主要粮食作物的生长特点，对其需水与地下水位变化的关系进行了探讨。  相似文献   

金堂县土壤地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

刘应平 《物探化探计算技术》2001,23(4):357-359

农业地质背景和地球化学背景特征是决定农作物适宜生长和农产品品质的重要因素之一，通过对区内土壤中微量元素的背景分布与优质脐橙分布区的对比研究，探讨农作物分布与化学元素分布的关系，可为农业规划及科学施肥提供地球化学依据。  相似文献   

甘肃省农田生态系统碳收支动态   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

康霞 《中国沙漠》2018,38(6):1237-1242

量化分析了甘肃省兰州、天水、庆阳、定西、金昌和嘉峪关及甘南藏族自治州7个地区的农田生态系统主要作物碳吸收、排放的动态变化。结果显示:研究区2007—2014年的农田生态系统碳吸收总量为1.67~61.18万t,年均增加率3.31%~18.10%。农田生态系统的碳吸收强度最大的是嘉峪关,其次是兰州;碳吸收强度最小的是定西,为0.62 t·hm^-2·a-1。2007—2014年,兰州、天水、庆阳、定西、金昌、嘉峪关、甘南的农田生态系统的年均净碳源强度分别为-0.254、-0.241、-0.196、-0.221、-0.005、0.163、-0.042 t·hm^-2。  相似文献   

电磁驻波法地球物理勘探     

吴以雄 《物探与化探》2008,32(6)

讨论了电磁波垂直于地层传播时,与反射电磁波干涉产生的驻波,并得出在地面形成波腹与波节的条件。测定波腹频率,就可以根据文中给出的推导方程,计算出地层厚度,以及地层底界面两侧介质电磁参数的相对大小。指出了至少有4个自然电磁波源辐射电磁波,可供人们进行电磁驻波法地球物理勘探使用。  相似文献   

A Comparison of Awareness,Attitudes, and Usage of Water Quality Conservation Practices Between Amish and Non-Amish Farmers     

Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad  Caroline Brock  Linda S. Prokopy 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(12):1476-1490

This study provides a unique examination of Amish farmers’ awareness of water quality issues and their attitudes toward and use of agricultural conservation practices compared with small non-Amish farmers in Northeastern Indiana. There is minimal research about the conservation beliefs and behaviors of this growing and highly diverse ethnoreligious minority, who have faith-based technological restrictions and are often hesitant to work with community outsiders, especially the government. We find that, compared with non-Amish farmers, Amish farmers have limited awareness of the linkages between common agricultural practices and broader water quality problems and lower levels of adoption of conservation practices, with the exception of cover crops. This information is essential for conservation practitioners who need to work with a diverse range of agricultural producers to increase the uptake of conservation practices that address critical water quality concerns.  相似文献